第121期：一曲婉转OR一声轰鸣？鸟国“好声音”
鸟瘾综合征
有不少朋友是喜欢鸟叫声的，可是因为生活奔忙，会忽略掉这些自然最简单的歌声。 我们国家有传统笼养鸣禽文化，现在绝大多数鸣禽属于保护动物，私自饲养违法，自在林间的天籁才能更动人。德国的科学家实验发现，人类喜欢的鸟叫声有四条规律：音调偏高、音域干净避开人耳敏感频段、不会突然爆响、旋律富有变化。欧乌鸫凭着多变悠扬的鸣唱拿下人气第一，夜莺、华丽琴鸟、林鸫、画眉、黑尾蜡嘴雀也各有特色。 还有就是铁肺大嗓门，吉尼斯纪录保持者白钟伞鸟堪称王者，峰值叫声可达 125.4 分贝，和电锯产生的噪音差不多。在求偶的时候雄鸟会贴脸对着雌鸟嘶吼，因为这是一场硬核体能测试，响亮鸣叫是无法造假的健康信号。 鸟类能唱出丰富声响，核心依靠独特的鸣管结构，左右声道可独立发声，搭配超快肌肉实现超快颤音。演化还分出两条路线：温带鸣禽卷唱腔才艺，雨林伞鸟比拼音量，都是适配环境的生存巧思。
冠军歌唱家 - 欧乌鸫
新疆歌鸲
华丽琴鸟
棕林鸫
夜莺
尖声伞鸟
最大嗓门铁肺 白钟伞鸟
以上图片来自于 Birdsoftheworld.org
声音文件来源：
欧乌鸫 - Dawn Wong - Xeno-canto
新疆歌鸲 - Zsombor - Xeno-canto
华丽琴鸟 - JJ Harrison - 康奈尔大学Macaulay图书馆
棕林鸫 - Jacob Saucier - 康奈尔大学Macaulay图书馆
夜莺 - Joao Ferreira Tomas - Xeno-canto
尖声伞鸟 - Brian O'Shea - Xeno-canto
白钟伞鸟 - Andrey Whitlock - 康奈尔大学Macaulary图书馆
画眉 - Denver Wang
黑尾蜡嘴雀 - Denver Wang
背景音乐
You don't have to say you love me - IL volo
参考文献：
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9. Nemeth, E. (2004). Measuring the sound pressure level of the song of the screaming piha Lipaugus vociferans: One of the loudest birds in the world?. Bioacoustics, 14(3), 225–228.
10. Podos, J. (2001). Correlated evolution of morphology and vocal signal structure in Darwin's finches. Nature, 409(6817), 185–188.
11. Podos, J., & Cohn-Haft, M. (2019). Extremely loud mating songs at close range in white bellbirds. Current Biology, 29(20), R1068–R1069.
12. Ratcliffe, E., Gatersleben, B., & Sowden, P. T. (2016). Associations with bird sounds: How do they relate to perceived restorative potential? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 47, 136–144.
13. Ratcliffe, E., Gatersleben, B., & Sowden, P. T. (2020). Predicting the perceived restorative potential of bird sounds through acoustics and aesthetics. Environment and Behavior, 52(4), 371–400.
14. Riede, T., Beckers, G. J. L., Blevins, W., & Suthers, R. A. (2004). Inflation of the esophagus and vocal tract filtering in ring doves. Journal of Experimental Biology, 207(23), 4025–4036.
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