鸟瘾综合征

人类对鸟类的痴迷自古有之，而且传统的鸟类研究也充满艰辛。科学家常有的最大的难题莫过于“认鸟”：在外观相似的鸟类中，如何分辨谁是“张三”谁是“李四”？ 现在，AI成了科研利器。在个体识别上，科学家发明了“鸟脸打卡机”。在行为学研究中，机器鸟“芬哥”惊艳亮相。在工业防范方面，风电场利用双目立体视觉和三级虚拟围栏技术，精准区分几百米外的猛禽和一般鸟类，实现“按需停机”。 中间的就是机械鸟“芬哥” 参考文献： Ferreira, A. C., Silva, L. R., Renna, F., Brandl, H. B., Renoult, J. P., Farine, D. R., Covas, R., & Doutrelant, C. (2020). Deep learning-based methods for individual recognition in small birds. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 11(9), 1072–1085. DOI : 10.1111/2041-210X.13436 Simon, R., Varkevisser, J., Mendoza, E., Hochradel, K., Elsinga, R., Wiersma, P. G., Middelburg, E., Zoeter, E., Scharff, C., Riebel, K., & Halfwerk, W. (2023). RoboFinch: A versatile audio-visual synchronised robotic bird model for laboratory and field research on songbirds. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 14(4), 1092–1103. DOI : 10.1111/2041-210X.14063 Goodman, B. D., Lima, K. A., Benz, S., Fisichelli, N. A., & Kitzes, J. (2025). Humans outperform Merlin Sound ID in field-based point-count surveys. Ornithological Applications, 127(4), duaf049. DOI : 10.1093/ornithapp/duaf049 Chalmers, C., Fergus, P., Wich, S., Longmore, S. N., Walsh, N. D., Oliver, L., Warrington, J., Quinlan, J., & Appleby, K. (2025). AI-Driven Real-Time Monitoring of Ground-Nesting Birds: A Case Study on Curlew Detection Using YOLOv10. Remote Sensing, 17(5), 769. DOI : 10.3390/rs17050769 Kahl, S., Wood, C. M., Eibl, M., & Klinck, H. (2021). BirdNET: A deep learning solution for avian diversity monitoring. Ecological Informatics, 61, 101236. DOI : 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101236 Brighton, C., Clarke, J., & Boersch-Supan, P. (2025). Scientific support to the trial of Spoor AI at the European Offshore Wind Deployment Centre. BTO Research Report, 781, 109. Klar, N., Gifary, N., Ziegler, F. P. G., Sehnke, F., Kaifel, A., Price, E., & Ahmad, A. (2025). BirdRecorder's AI on Sky: Safeguarding birds of prey by detection and classification of tiny objects around wind turbines. arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.18136. Mund, J.-P., & Rieger, S. (2023). Remote Sensing Methods Combined with Anti-collision Systems to Reduce Avian Collisions with Wind Turbines, Facilitating the Energy Transition. Advances in GIScience, 2(2), 69–87. DOI : 10.1553/giscience2023_02_s69 BGM：Will you love me tomorrow - Carole King

最近有一项新的科学研究，结果很有意思 - 公园里的鸟，居然更“怕”女生？ 这篇文章在2025年底发表于《People and Nature》，横跨了欧洲五国七城，对37种共2701只鸟进行了精密的测试。结果发现：在面对女性的时候，鸟类的“惊飞距离”（FID）平均多出整整1米！这意味着，鸟类允许男性比女性多靠近11%的距离才逃跑。为什么会这样？什么原因呢？那请您听我们聊聊吧！ 参考文献： Morelli F, Benedetti Y, Mikula P, et al. (2026). Sex matters: European urban birds flee approaching women sooner than approaching men. People and Nature, 8: 316–326. DOI: 10.1002/pan3.70226 Ydenberg RC, Dill LM. (1986). The economics of fleeing from predators. Advances in the Study of Behavior, 16: 229–249. DOI: 10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60192-8 Blumstein DT. (2006). Developing an evolutionary ecology of fear: How life history and natural history traits affect disturbance tolerance in birds. Animal Behaviour, 71: 389–399. DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.05.010 Weston MA, McLeod EM, Blumstein DT, Guay PJ. (2012). A review of flight-initiation distances and their application to managing disturbance to Australian birds. Emu, 112: 269–286. DOI: 10.1071/MU12026 Møller AP. (2008). Flight distance of urban birds, predation, and selection for urban life. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 63: 63–75. DOI: 10.1007/s00265-008-0636-y Samia DSM, Blumstein DT, Díaz M, et al. (2017). Rural–urban differences in escape behavior of European birds across a latitudinal gradient. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 5: 66. DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00066 Nepali A, Katuwal HB, Kc S, et al. (2024). Flight initiation distance and bird tolerance to humans in rural and urban habitats. Royal Society Open Science, 11: 240332. DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240332 Coetzer C, Bouwman H. (2017). Waterbird flight initiation distances at Barberspan Bird Sanctuary, South Africa. Koedoe, 59(1): a1419. DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v59i1.1419 Seco Pon JP, et al. (2026). Risk-taking behavior in three Fulica species inhabiting an urban coastal lagoon in Mar del Plata city, Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Ecología Austral, 36: 176–189. DOI: 10.25260/EA.26.36.2.0.2607 Morelli F, Mikula P, Blumstein DT, et al. (2022). Flight initiation distance and refuge in urban birds. Science of the Total Environment, 842: 156939. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156939 Møller AP, Liang W, Samia DSM. (2019). Flight initiation distance, color and camouflage. Current Zoology, 65: 535–540. DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoz005 Morelli F, Benedetti Y, Díaz M, et al. (2019). Contagious fear: Escape behavior increases with flock size in European gregarious birds. Ecology and Evolution, 9: 6096–6104. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5193 Kalb N, Anger F, Randler C. (2019). Flight initiation distance and escape behavior in the black redstart (Phoenicurus ochruros). Ethology, 125: 430–438. DOI: 10.1111/eth.12867 Zhou B, Liang W. (2020). Avian escape responses to observers wearing clothing of different colors: A comparison of urban and rural populations. Global Ecology and Conservation, 22: e00921. DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00921 Yuan K, Yang S, et al. (2024). Responses of birds to observers holding popguns: Hunting history influences escape behavior of urban birds. Current Zoology, 70: 631–636. DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoad049 Sorge RE, Martin LJ, Isbester KA, et al. (2014). Olfactory exposure to males, including men, causes stress and related analgesia in rodents. Nature Methods, 11: 629–632. DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2935 Bird RB, Bird DW. (2008). Why women hunt: Risk and contemporary foraging in a Western Desert Aboriginal community. Current Anthropology, 49: 655–693. DOI: 10.1086/587700 Haas R, Watson J, Buonasera T, et al. (2020). Female hunters of the early Americas. Science Advances, 6: eabd0310. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd0310 Anderson A, Chilczuk S, Nelson K, Ruther R, Wall-Scheffler C. (2023). The myth of Man the Hunter: Women’s contribution to the hunt across ethnographic contexts. PLOS ONE, 18: e0287101. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287101 Amo L, López P, Martín J, et al. (2011). Smelling out predators is innate in birds. Ardea, 99: 177–184. DOI: 10.5253/078.099.0207 de Resende NC, Teixeira CP, de Azevedo CS. (2024). Flight initiation distance in an urban bird: Influence of the number of people, gaze orientation, and bird behavior. Birds, 5: 255–264. DOI: 10.3390/birds5020017 BGM That Girl (feat. Veegee) [Ye Remix] - Olly Murs

身在异乡的你，有没有想过：究竟哪儿才算自己的老家？是你的口味、口音这些？这些习惯又是哪些是刻在基因里，哪些又是后天养成的呢？其实不光是我们人类，鸟也有这个成长的烦恼。 科学家把荷兰斑姬鹟的蛋挪到瑞典孵化，让瑞典鸟当爹妈。结果这“荷籍瑞裔”的小鸟，春天回瑞典安家，冬天去非洲过冬时，落脚点却卡在了荷兰鸟和瑞典鸟的中间。 同窝的黑尾塍鹬，一个在荷兰放飞，一个扔到波兰，最后去的越冬地都不一样。白鹳的幼鸟要是错过了“老司机”的带队，就只能自己瞎飞，还有很多鸟类全有这样的问题。 基因打底，环境塑形，不论是我们人类还是鸟类，最后总会走出一条独属于自己的路。 BGM：回家之路 - 沈腾|电影《独行月球》 参考资料： * Lamers K P, Ouwehand J, Ubels R, et al. Innate factors and ontogeny determine nonbreeding areas of migrant songbirds. Science, 392(6805): 1375–1379, 2026. * Lamers K P, Nilsson J Å, Nicolaus M, et al. Adaptation to climate change through dispersal and inherited timing in an avian migrant. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 7(11): 1869–1877, 2023. * Loonstra A H J, Verhoeven M A, Both C, et al. Translocation of shorebird siblings shows intraspecific variation in migration routines to arise after fledging. Current Biology, 33(12): 2535–2540.e3, 2023. * Chernetsov N, Berthold P, Querner U. Migratory orientation of first-year white storks (Ciconia ciconia): inherited information and social interactions. Journal of Experimental Biology, 207(6): 937–943, 2004. * Meyburg B U, Bergmanis U, Langgemach T, et al. Orientation of native versus translocated juvenile lesser spotted eagles (Clanga pomarina) on the first autumn migration. Journal of Experimental Biology, 220(15): 2765–2776, 2017. * Thorup K, Vega M L, Snell K R S, et al. Flying on their own wings: young and adult cuckoos respond similarly to long-distance displacement during migration. Scientific Reports, 10: 7698, 2020. * Byholm P, Beal M, Isaksson N, et al. Paternal transmission of migration knowledge in a long-distance bird migrant. Nature Communications, 13: 1566, 2022. * Mueller T, O'Hara R B, Converse S J, et al. Social learning of migratory performance. Science, 341(6149): 999–1002, 2013. * Madsen J, Schreven K H T, Jensen G H, et al. Rapid formation of new migration route and breeding area by Arctic geese. Current Biology, 33(6): 1162–1170.e4, 2023. * Gu Z, Pan S, Lin Z, et al. Climate-driven flyway changes and memory-based long-distance migration. Nature, 591(7849): 259–264, 2021. * Lisowski C, Quetting M, Klaus D, et al. Homing pigeon navigation relies on superparamagnetic macrophages under overcast conditions. Science, 392(6801): 985–991, 2026. * 詹媛. 2021年度中国生命科学十大进展发布. 人民网, 2022-01-11. * Perdeck A C. Two types of orientation in migrating starlings, Sturnus vulgarisL., and chaffinches, Fringilla coelebsL., as revealed by displacement experiments. Ardea, 46: 1–37, 1958. * Helbig A J. Inheritance of migratory direction in a bird species: a cross-breeding experiment with SE- and SW-migrating blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 28(1): 9–12, 1991. * Berthold P, Helbig A, Mohr G, et al. Rapid microevolution of migratory behaviour in a wild bird species. Nature, 360(6406): 668–670, 1992. * Delmore K E, Irwin D E. Hybrid songbirds employ intermediate routes in a migratory divide. Ecology Letters, 17(10): 1211–1218, 2014. * Sokolovskis K, Lundberg M, Åkesson S, et al. Migration direction in a songbird explained by two loci. Nature Communications, 14: 165, 2023.

在城市里，纯“野生”的环境越来越少， 城市里的动物发生了什么样的改变呢？城市不只是咱们人类的地盘，也是野生动物的“超速进化实验室”。 鸽子成了“带翅膀的老鼠”。这些“宅鸟”的活动半径离家不超过25公里，他们不向往野外，城里的高楼和垃圾成就了他们的帝国。。 伦敦地铁里的蚊子也是有历史传承的，他们早在两千年前就适应了地下环境，地铁只是它们的新家而已。 在日本乌鸦会把坚果放在斑马线前，等红灯时用车轮胎压碎，绿灯时再安心地开饭。多伦多的浣熊变身开锁大师，为了吃到垃圾，它们能破解市政府耗资3100万加元研发的“防浣熊智能垃圾桶” 城市也无力让自然退场，而是迫使各种生命形式以惊人的速度重塑自我。 参考文献： 1. Carlen, E., & Munshi-South, J. (2021). Widespread genetic connectivity of feral pigeons across the Northeastern megacity. Evolutionary Applications, 14(1), 150-162. 2. Hamer, A. J., Smith, P. J., & McDonnell, M. J. (2012). The importance of habitat design and aquatic connectivity in amphibian use of urban stormwater retention ponds. Urban Ecosystems, 15(2), 451-471. 3. Jerolmack, C. (2008). How pigeons became rats: The cultural-spatial logic of problem animals. Social Problems, 55(1), 72-94. 4. Johnson, M. T. J., & Munshi-South, J. (2017). Evolution of life in urban environments. Science, 358(6363), eaam8327. 5. Nihei, Y. (1995). Variations of behaviour of Carrion Crows Corvus corone using automobiles as nutcrackers. Japanese Journal of Ornithology, 44(1), 21-35. 6. Byrne, K., & Nichols, R. A. (1999). Culex pipiens in London Underground tunnels: differentiation between surface and subterranean populations. Heredity, 82(1), 7-15. 7. Haba, Y., Aardema, M. L., Afonso, M. O., Agramonte, N. M., Albright, J., Alho, A. M., Almeida, A. P. G., Alout, H., Alten, B., Altinli, M., ... McBride, L. (2025). Ancient origin of an urban underground mosquito. Science. 8. Santangelo, J. S., Ness, R. W., Cohan, B., Fitzpatrick, C. R., Innes, S. G., Koch, S., Miles, L. S., Munim, S., Peres-Neto, P. R., Prashad, C., Tong, A. T., Aguirre, W. E., Akinwole, P. O., Alberti, M., Álvarez, J., Anderson, J. T., Anderson, J. J., Ando, Y., Andrew, N. R., Angeoletto, F., ... Johnson, M. T. J. (2022). Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover. Science, 375(6586), 1275-1281 9. Winchell, K. M., Reynolds, R. G., Prado-Irwin, S. R., Puente-Rolón, A. R., & Revell, L. J. (2016). Phenotypic shifts in urban areas in the tropical lizard Anolis cristatellus. Evolution, 70(5), 1009-1022. 10. Winchell, K. M., et al. (2023). Genome-wide parallelism underlies contemporary adaptation in urban lizards. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(3), e2216789120. BGM Monsters (feat. Katie Sky)｜Timeflies - After Hours (Deluxe Version)