选修课 Universus

【聊了什么 The What】 本期节目邀请到前 Meta 人工智能研究院高级经理田渊栋，与哥伦比亚大学商学院助理教授彭天翼，共同探讨 2026 年 AI 的核心命题：个性化。从冯·诺依曼架构的‘存算分离’到大模型的‘存算一体’，我们深入拆解了 AI 如何通过显性与隐性记忆构建个人数字孪生。我们还特别针对学术界与工业界的‘地位倒挂’、端侧 AI 的隐私平衡以及 AI for Science 等热门话题进行了全方位碰撞。当下的 AI 究竟是通才工具，还是具备独特审美与思维方式的个人助理？在 AI 时代，人类如何通过提出‘宏大愿景’来定义自我价值？ In this episode, we are joined by Yuandong Tian, former Senior Manager at Meta AI Research, and Tianyi Peng, Assistant Professor at Columbia Business School, for a wide-ranging conversation on one of the defining questions of AI in 2026: personalization. From the “separation of memory and computation” in the von Neumann architecture to the emerging “fusion of memory and computation” in large models, we unpack how AI may build a personal digital twin through both explicit and implicit forms of memory. We also dive into a range of major topics, including the role reversal between academia and industry, the privacy tradeoffs of on-device AI, and the promise of AI for Science. Is today’s AI simply a general-purpose tool, or can it become a personal assistant with its own distinctive aesthetic and mode of thinking? In the age of AI, how can humans define their value through the ability to articulate bold visions? 【时间轴 The When 】 * 00:00 - 老赵介绍嘉宾田渊栋与彭天翼 * 09:50 - 大模型中的存算一体与冯诺依曼架构 * 20:40 - AI的记忆困境：显式记忆与参数化记忆的路径之争 * 39:38 - 语言是智能的上限吗？处理非语言信息的挑战 * 48:51 - 实验趣闻：为什么模拟出的AI学生往往比真人更“聪明” * 51:51 - 执行与反馈：验证者定律及强化学习中的奖励机制 * 72:40 - 学术界与工业界在AI浪潮中的角色转变 * 96:32 - 端侧AI（On-device Agent）的前景与隐私保护 * 00:00 – Zhao introduces guests Yuandong Tian and Tianyi Peng * 09:50 – The fusion of memory and computation in large models, and the von Neumann architecture * 20:40 – AI’s memory dilemma: explicit memory vs. parametric memory * 39:38 – Is language the ceiling of intelligence? The challenge of processing non-linguistic information * 48:51 – A research anecdote: why simulated AI students often seem “smarter” than real humans * 51:51 – Execution and feedback: the verifier’s law and reward mechanisms in reinforcement learning * 72:40 – The shifting roles of academia and industry in the AI wave * 96:32 – The future of on-device AI agents and privacy protection 【我们是谁 The Who】 选修课 Universus 是一档分享和探讨泛文化话题的中文播客，脱胎于2013年创办的纽约文化沙龙。 我们力求引发对学科方法和视角的认知和思考，而不仅仅是知识的传递。我们在组织活动的过程中积累了一些经验和人脉，尝试打造成年人的博雅教育，并在播客中拓展这样的探索。我们希望审视和反抗无意识的价值规训与随波逐流。我们希望冷酷地剖析自己的偏见，热忱地拥抱多元视角。我们希望去工具化，真诚地感知、理解、创造自己的生活和复杂的世界。我们追随原初的好奇而非代餐式的猎奇。话题可以轻松，方法力求严肃。在《选修课》里，我们互相映照，唤醒失落的维度。 选修课 Universus is a Chinese-language podcast created by the same people who founded the New York Chinese Cultural Salon (纽约文化沙龙）in 2013. The past decade of organizing events and talks put us in a position of creating a sort of liberal arts education experience for those who have left school. We strive to go beyond merely transmitting knowledge to reflecting on complex topics using cross-disciplinary perspectives. We strive to resist conformity, to dissect our own biases, and to embrace diverse schools of thought. Our goal is to help professionals resist becoming just a tool of production, and to understand the world around us in earnest. We let our genuine curiosity be our guide. With a light-hearted tone, we approach each topic seriously. We hope that “选修课 Universus” creates a space to explore lost dimensions. 嘉宾： * 田渊栋 博士：前Meta人工智能研究院研究员及高级经理 * 彭天翼 博士：哥伦比亚大学商学院决策风险与运筹系助理教授 * Dr. Yuandong Tian: Former Research Scientist and Senior Manager at Meta AI Research * Dr. Tianyi Peng: Assistant Professor of Decision, Risk, and Operations at Columbia Business School 【买咖啡 Please Support Us】 如果喜欢这期节目并愿意想要给我们买杯咖啡： * 打赏平台：www.patreon.com/universuspod * 商务合作邮箱：[email protected] If you like our show and want to support us, please consider the following: * 打赏平台: www.patreon.com/universuspod * Business Inquiries Email: [email protected]

【聊了什么 The What】 本期“选修课”邀请到JustPod创始人杨一，探讨在去中心化时代，我们如何重建与媒体的连接。从1906年圣诞夜的海上广播，到2000年跨年全球电视直播的宏大叙事，杨一用他敏锐的行业洞察，还原了媒体是如何从单纯的工具演变为人类感官的延伸。节目涵盖了Pat Weaver如何创造深夜脱口秀、CNN如何在海湾战争中一战成名，以及面对移动互联网的冲击，创作者该如何平衡“磨大招”与“快迭代”。为什么在未来的数字世界里，找回“附近”和建立个人坐标系比盲目获取信息更为重要？在算法的洪流中追逐千万级的流量，还是建立一个基于信任和品位的“小城堡”？在这个人人皆媒体的时代，我们的使命与责任究竟在哪里？ In this episode we invited Yang Yi, founder of JustPod, to explore how we can rebuild our connection with media in a decentralized era. From the Christmas Eve sea broadcast of 1906 to the grand global television spectacle of the year 2000 countdown, Yang draws on his sharp industry insight to trace how media evolved from a simple tool into an extension of human senses. The conversation spans how Pat Weaver invented the late-night talk show format, how CNN rose to prominence during the Gulf War, and how creators today can balance “polishing a big move” with rapid iteration in the age of mobile internet. Why, in the digital future, is reclaiming a sense of “the nearby” and building a personal coordinate system more important than blindly consuming information? In the torrent of algorithms, should we chase tens of millions of views, or build a “small castle” grounded in trust and taste? In an era where everyone is a media outlet, what are our responsibilities? 【时间轴 The When 】 * 00:00 - 从WEAF电台旧址看100年前的媒体实验 * 05:28 - 人类第一次无线电广播背后的偶然性 * 12:55 - 早期广播先驱：弗兰克·康拉德与硬件商的生态系统构建 * 24:05 - 电视IP化的开端：从戏剧录制到深夜喜剧 * 34:02 - 电视语言创造跨越国界的文化记忆 * 42:37 - 里根法案如何终结Intelsat垄断并催生CNN * 54:06 - 为什么说中世纪的宗教折叠画是当时的“短视频”？ * 66:07 - AIGC的挑战：渠道门槛降低后，内容生产者的生存困境 * 00:00 – Visiting the former site of WEAF radio and media experiments a century ago * 05:28 – The serendipity behind humanity’s first wireless radio broadcast * 12:55 – Early broadcasting pioneers: Frank Conrad and the hardware-driven ecosystem * 24:05 – The beginning of television IP: from recorded drama to late-night comedy * 34:02 – How television language created cross-border cultural memory * 42:37 – How Reagan-era legislation ended Intelsat’s monopoly and enabled CNN’s rise * 54:06 – Why medieval religious folding paintings were the “short videos” of their time * 66:07 – The challenge of AIGC: survival dilemmas for content creators as distribution barriers fall 【我们是谁 The Who】 选修课 Universus 是一档分享和探讨泛文化话题的中文播客，脱胎于2013年创办的纽约文化沙龙。 我们力求引发对学科方法和视角的认知和思考，而不仅仅是知识的传递。我们在组织活动的过程中积累了一些经验和人脉，尝试打造成年人的博雅教育，并在播客中拓展这样的探索。我们希望审视和反抗无意识的价值规训与随波逐流。我们希望冷酷地剖析自己的偏见，热忱地拥抱多元视角。我们希望去工具化，真诚地感知、理解、创造自己的生活和复杂的世界。我们追随原初的好奇而非代餐式的猎奇。话题可以轻松，方法力求严肃。在《选修课》里，我们互相映照，唤醒失落的维度。 选修课 Universus is a Chinese-language podcast created by the same people who founded the New York Chinese Cultural Salon (纽约文化沙龙）in 2013. The past decade of organizing events and talks put us in a position of creating a sort of liberal arts education experience for those who have left school. We strive to go beyond merely transmitting knowledge to reflecting on complex topics using cross-disciplinary perspectives. We strive to resist conformity, to dissect our own biases, and to embrace diverse schools of thought. Our goal is to help professionals resist becoming just a tool of production, and to understand the world around us in earnest. We let our genuine curiosity be our guide. With a light-hearted tone, we approach each topic seriously. We hope that “选修课 Universus” creates a space to explore lost dimensions. 【买咖啡 Please Support Us】 如果喜欢这期节目并愿意想要给我们买杯咖啡： * 打赏平台：www.patreon.com/universuspod * 商务合作邮箱：[email protected] If you like our show and want to support us, please consider the following: * 打赏平台: www.patreon.com/universuspod * Business Inquiries Email: [email protected]

【聊了什么】 谎言，是人类社会的润滑剂，还是效率的绊脚石？是一种自我保护的自由，还是滋生不公的温床？当「我没问题」「收到」「您说得对」背后真实的吐槽被强制公之于众，你的职场生活会更好还是更坏呢？《选修课》「如果宇宙」思想实验系列，再次撕开现实的口子，邀请你一同推想一个“无谎职场”。 我们探讨了当“防御性谎言”和“心照不宣的潜规则”消失后，一系列连锁反应将如何展开：预算博弈的“囚徒困境”能否被终结？等级森严的组织中，是会催生出更强的个体，还是会强迫人们将“崇拜”内化为真实信仰？从语言学的角度看，当隐喻与模糊性被视为不诚实，我们的沟通能力是否会被根本性地剥夺？00后新人为何期盼一个没有潜规则的世界？而体制内的“防御性表演”又将在绝对诚实面前何去何从？当情绪价值被重新估量，当“演戏”不再可能，我们究竟离一个更好的职场更近了，还是更远了？ Are lies the lubricant of human society or the stumbling block of efficiency? Are they a form of self-protection and personal freedom, or the breeding ground of injustice? When everyday workplace phrases like “I’m fine,” “Got it,” and “You’re right” are forced to give way to the truth behind the polite facades, will your work life become better—or worse? In this episode of Elective Course's “What If Universe” thought experiment series, we once again tear open a crack in reality and invite you to imagine a world with no lies at work. We explore the chain reactions that could follow the disappearance of "defensive lies" and unspoken workplace rules: Can the budgetary “prisoner’s dilemma” be resolved? In rigid hierarchies, will this honesty foster stronger individuals—or compel people to internalize flattery as genuine belief? From a linguistic standpoint, if metaphors and ambiguity are deemed dishonest, are we fundamentally robbed of our ability to communicate? Why do Gen Z newcomers long for a workplace without unspoken rules? And in the bureaucracy, what happens to “defensive performances” when absolute honesty becomes the norm? When emotional labor is reassessed and there’s no room left for “performing,” are we getting closer to a better workplace—or drifting further away? [image.png] 【时间轴】 * 00:00 “如果宇宙”系列，设定脑洞“如果上班不能说谎”。 * 05:30 四位主播背景介绍（投资人、科研学者、体制内、00后新人） * 08:00 体制内财务预算的“防御性表演”（虚报预算）和资源申请虚报的“囚徒困境” * 20:24 对上级的表面崇拜和讨好全部消失，会增加还是减少情绪消耗？ * 31:41 演戏是否算说谎？ * 41:15 无谎会否带来更多PUA和画饼）？ * 48:07 上位者在现有潜规则下获得了什么？ * 55:06 从语言学角度看，“不许说谎”约等于“不许说话”？？ * 59:32 为何透明高效的模式未成为主流？ * 00:00 "What If" series: Thought experiment — What if you couldn't lie at work? * 05:30 Backgrounds of the four hosts: investor, academic researcher, government employee, Gen Z newcomer * 08:00 "Defensive performances" in government budgeting (inflated numbers) and the “prisoner’s dilemma” of resource applications * 20:24 If all superficial flattery and fake admiration toward superiors disappear, will emotional exhaustion increase or decrease? * 31:41 Is "acting" considered a form of lying? * 41:15 Will a no-lies workplace lead to more workplace gaslighting and empty promises? * 48:07 What do those in power gain from the current implicit rules? * 55:06 From a linguistic perspective, does “no lying” mean “no talking”? * 59:32 Why hasn’t the transparent and efficient model become mainstream? 【我们是谁 The Who】 选修课 Universus 是一档分享和探讨泛文化话题的中文播客，脱胎于2013年创办的纽约文化沙龙。 我们力求引发对学科方法和视角的认知和思考，而不仅仅是知识的传递。我们在组织活动的过程中积累了一些经验和人脉，尝试打造成年人的博雅教育，并在播客中拓展这样的探索。我们希望审视和反抗无意识的价值规训与随波逐流。我们希望冷酷地剖析自己的偏见，热忱地拥抱多元视角。我们希望去工具化，真诚地感知、理解、创造自己的生活和复杂的世界。我们追随原初的好奇而非代餐式的猎奇。话题可以轻松，方法力求严肃。在《选修课》里，我们互相映照，唤醒失落的维度。 选修课 Universus is a Chinese-language podcast created by the same people who founded the New York Chinese Cultural Salon (纽约文化沙龙）in 2013. The past decade of organizing events and talks put us in a position of creating a sort of liberal arts education experience for those who have left school. We strive to go beyond merely transmitting knowledge to reflecting on complex topics using cross-disciplinary perspectives. We strive to resist conformity, to dissect our own biases, and to embrace diverse schools of thought. Our goal is to help professionals resist becoming just a tool of production, and to understand the world around us in earnest. We let our genuine curiosity be our guide. With a light-hearted tone, we approach each topic seriously. We hope that “选修课 Universus” creates a space to explore lost dimensions. 【买咖啡 Please Support Us】 如果喜欢这期节目并愿意想要给我们买杯咖啡： * 打赏平台：www.patreon.com/universuspod * 商务合作邮箱：[email protected] If you like our show and want to support us, please consider the following: * 打赏平台: www.patreon.com/universuspod * Business Inquiries Email: [email protected]

【聊了什么 The What】 本期「选修课」邀请民俗学家李明洁，从一张尘封于哥伦比亚大学特藏、来自1931年北京的“月光马”出发，开启一场对民俗图像与文化记忆的深度探索。 中秋节为何曾是专属女性的节日？为何观音、财神、关公、送子娘娘会毫无违和感地出现在同一张画上？“月光马”如何将一个普通空间瞬间切换为神圣场域，又在焚化后开启世俗的团圆？ In this episode, folklorist Li Mingjie takes us on an in-depth journey into folk imagery and cultural memory, beginning with a rare Moonlight Horse (月光马) print from 1931 Beijing—now preserved in Columbia University's Special Collections on Chinese popular religion. Why was the Mid-Autumn Festival once a festival primarily for women? Why do Guanyin, the God of Wealth, Guan Yu, and the Child-Giving Goddess (送子娘娘) all appear harmoniously on a single paper image? How did the Moonlight Horse instantly transform an everyday domestic space into a sacred ritual site—and, upon burning, open the door to a secular reunion? 【时间轴 The When】 * 00:34 - 哥大馆藏“中国纸神专藏”中的月光马 * 14:55 - “纸马”是什么 * 36:51 - “玉兔”和背景众神：华严三圣、四大天王等 * 53:21 - 阐释“男不拜月，女不祭灶”习俗 * 55:25 - 关羽为什么是财神 * 70:02 - 解释“兔儿爷”的由来与功能 * 72:25 - 月光马作为创造神圣空间的符号界标 * 76:45 - 追溯文化记忆的源头：从汉代画像石到当代田野调查 * 00:34 – The Moonlight Horse (月光马) in Columbia University’s “Chinese Paper Deities” special collection * 14:55 – What are paper horses (纸马)? * 36:51 – The Jade Rabbit (玉兔) and background deities: Huayan Trinity (华严三圣), Four Heavenly Kings (四大天王), etc. * 53:21 – Explaining the folk custom: “Men don’t worship the moon, women don’t sacrifice to the kitchen god” * 55:25 – Why Guan Yu is worshipped as the God of Wealth * 70:02 – The origin and function of Tu’er Ye (兔儿爷, “Lord Rabbit”) * 72:25 – The Moonlight Horse as a symbolic marker for sacred space creation * 76:45 – Tracing cultural memory: from Han dynasty stone reliefs to contemporary ethnographic fieldwork [image.png] [image.png] [image.png] [image.png] [image.png] [image.png] [image.png] [image.png] 【我们是谁 The Who】 选修课 Universus 是一档分享和探讨泛文化话题的中文播客，脱胎于2013年创办的纽约文化沙龙。 我们力求引发对学科方法和视角的认知和思考，而不仅仅是知识的传递。我们在组织活动的过程中积累了一些经验和人脉，尝试打造成年人的博雅教育，并在播客中拓展这样的探索。我们希望审视和反抗无意识的价值规训与随波逐流。我们希望冷酷地剖析自己的偏见，热忱地拥抱多元视角。我们希望去工具化，真诚地感知、理解、创造自己的生活和复杂的世界。我们追随原初的好奇而非代餐式的猎奇。话题可以轻松，方法力求严肃。在《选修课》里，我们互相映照，唤醒失落的维度。 主讲： * 李明洁: 1991年至2023年任教于华东师范大学中文系和民俗学研究所，教授、博士生导师，从事社会语言学、都市民俗学和文化人类学的教学与研究，偏重文化认知和社会记忆领域。现供职于纽约大学东亚系和新学院大学尤金朗文理学院。 选修课 Universus is a Chinese-language podcast created by the same people who founded the New York Chinese Cultural Salon (纽约文化沙龙）in 2013. The past decade of organizing events and talks put us in a position of creating a sort of liberal arts education experience for those who have left school. We strive to go beyond merely transmitting knowledge to reflecting on complex topics using cross-disciplinary perspectives. We strive to resist conformity, to dissect our own biases, and to embrace diverse schools of thought. Our goal is to help professionals resist becoming just a tool of production, and to understand the world around us in earnest. We let our genuine curiosity be our guide. With a light-hearted tone, we approach each topic seriously. We hope that “选修课 Universus” creates a space to explore lost dimensions. Our guest: * Mingjie Li: From 1991 to 2023, she taught in the Department of Chinese Language and Literature and the Institute of Folklore at East China Normal University as a professor and doctoral advisor. Her academic work focuses on sociolinguistics, urban folklore, and cultural anthropology, with an emphasis on cultural cognition and social memory. She is currently affiliated with the Department of East Asian Studies at New York University and the Eugene Lang College of Liberal Arts at The New School. 【买咖啡 Please Support Us】 如果喜欢这期节目并愿意想要给我们买杯咖啡： * 打赏平台：www.patreon.com/universuspod * 商务合作邮箱：[email protected] If you like our show and want to support us, please consider the following: * 打赏平台: www.patreon.com/universuspod * Business Inquiries Email: [email protected]