选修课 Universus - 节目列表

Same Room 纽约华语播客节 [10d7def8-6910-4376-a668-f3db943695f3.webp] 沙龙致力于拓展线下活动的公共性。我们主张众说纷纭而非整齐划一；我们拥抱多元视角而非标准答案。我们审视和反抗无意识的价值规训与随波逐流；我们冷酷地剖析自己的偏见，热忱地唤醒失落的维度。我们邀请每一颗寻找意义的心灵进入这个空间，真诚地感知、言说、倾听、理解。 这也是中文播客在这几年带给我们的力量之源。我们习惯于在异步时空中，独自聆听那些散落全球的美好中文——他们记录大时代、解构流行文化、观察城市与政治、想象参与世界的新方法……我们赞叹于那些独特的观点，并且渴望回应与共鸣。 于是我们决定：让这些声音在同一个空间回响。我们邀请来自 11 个播客的 12 位主播，从录音室出来，走进同一个房间，带着自己的叙事与视角，用声波碰撞，激荡出一个丰饶的公共声场。我们也邀请你，放下耳机，走进房间，成为塑造这个声场的在场者。 参与主播： 《起朱楼宴宾客》大卫翁 《疲惫娇娃》小杨 《美轮美换》Lokin 《城市传说》罗雨翔 《行星酒馆》东尼 《唠点纽约嗑》Rachel 47 / 杨蒙恩 《纽约漫谈录》欧阳斌 《残言片语》仁慈 / 伊如 《硅谷 101》/《新新人类》一闻 《选修课》老赵 活动形式： 三场对话，每场一小时。具体分组与话题会在未来公布。 时间：2026-06-14 周日 2-6 PM 地点：Cooper Union Rose Auditorium 地址：41 Cooper Sq, New York, NY 10008 报名链接：https://luma.com/1ver2cyw 【聊了什么 The What】 为什么有些城市的公共空间让人愿意停留，而有些只是路过？看似免费的公园，背后又是谁在长期支付？ 这是一期“一边春游，一边长知识”的特别节目，由《选修课》和《城市传说》联合发布。 [image7.jpg] 城市规划师、《创造大都会》作者罗雨翔，与纽约文化沙龙的朋友们一起Citywalk ，横穿6个特色公园，边走边聊纽约如何建设、运营和“养活”它闻名全球的公共空间。 即使你未到过纽约，这也是一次理解现代城市如何运转的绝佳“任意门”。 纽约14%的土地是公园，但公园局预算却不到全市财政的1%。公园的钱从哪里来？为什么有些公共空间越来越像“私人产品”？地产、资本与普通人的生活，又如何在一张长椅、一条步道、一片草坪上相遇？ 欢迎跟随本期节目一起，理解公共空间背后的政治与经济。 [image9.jpg] 【时间轴 The When 】 02:20 Park 1 酷似中国城市的纽约地标：Hudson Yards [image8.jpg] 08:20 Park 2 悬在空中的“网红”花园：High Line [image11.jpg] 20:31 Park 3 谷歌风景最好的办公室顶上是公园：Pier 57 [image10.jpg] 26:19 Park 4 一对富豪夫妇捐钱建设的新公园：Little Island [image2.jpg] 31:04 Park 5 曼哈顿唯一的沙滩：Hudson River Park [image1.jpg] 39:35 Park 6 最时尚的街区广场：Gansevoort Plaza [image4.jpg] 地图由赵智沉制作，照片由罗雨翔提供。 🎙Citywalk主讲人：罗雨翔 罗雨翔，《城市传说 Urban Myths》播客主播，曾就职纽约市政府，毕业于哈佛大学（建筑）和伦敦政治经济学院（区域经济），著有《创造大都会：纽约空间与制度观察》（上海三联书店｜后浪）。 《城市传说》是规划师讲故事的节目。城市不是乌托邦，而是社会的切面。这里以局内人的视角，第一人称的体验，沉浸式的反思，透过离奇的真实故事，探索城市的复杂本质。 罗雨翔过往的单集: 忽左忽右、美轮美换、不合时宜、漩涡派对、城市罐头、选修课（1&2）、五湖四海、城市中国（1&2） 🗽Citywalk组织者：纽约文化沙龙 纽约文化沙龙是注册于美国纽约州的501(c)(3)教育类非营利机构，旨在建立跨学科交流的优质平台，通过举办周末沙龙讲座的形式，吸引来自不同领域的朋友交换视角、交锋思想，消解由学科隔阂带来的思维定势，倡导通识教育和终身学习的理念，重拾孩童般的好奇。 《选修课 Universus》是一档分享和探讨泛文化话题的中文播客，脱胎于2013年创办的纽约文化沙龙。我们力求引发对学科方法和视角的认知和思考，而不仅仅是知识的传递。我们在组织活动的过程中积累了一些经验和人脉，尝试打造成年人的博雅教育，并在播客中拓展这样的探索。我们希望审视和反抗无意识的价值规训与随波逐流。我们希望冷酷地剖析自己的偏见，热忱地拥抱多元视角。我们希望去工具化，真诚地感知、理解、创造自己的生活和复杂的世界。我们追随原初的好奇而非代餐式的猎奇。话题可以轻松，方法力求严肃。在《选修课》里，我们互相映照，唤醒失落的维度。 📼相关播客单集 纽约的房价到底为什么这么高？ 纽约地铁为什么这么破？ 📖相关图书 《创造大都会：纽约空间与制度观察》（上海三联书店｜后浪） [image3.jpg] [image6.jpg] [image5.jpg]

【聊了什么 The What】 海德格尔在 1938 年说过一句话：世界进入了一个"图像化的时代"——它不再和我们一起存在，而是变成了一个被观察、被研究、被掌握的对象。 这期是《选修课》在狂喜播客节攒的一个四方连线，每人填一个半命题：世界是一个 ______。 物理学家老赵填的是钟表，传播学者方可成填的是洞穴，残障研究者仁慈填的是巨大的楼梯，律师 Lokin 填的是草台班子。 四张图像并置起来，照见了现代性的一些隐秘脉络——为什么我们这么依赖量化？为什么"客观"成了一个越来越站不住脚的承诺？神死之后我们靠什么获得确定性？以及，AI 时代，我们是该悲观还是乐观？ In 1938, Heidegger wrote that the world had entered "the age of the world picture" — no longer something we inhabit alongside, but something to be observed, st…In 1938, Heidegger wrote that the world had entered "the age of the world picture" — no longer something we inhabit alongside, but something to be observed, studied, and mastered as an object. This episode is a four-way crossover recorded for the Kuangxi Podcast Festival, hosted by Elective Course. Each guest was asked to fill in a blank: The world is a ______. Physicist Lao Zhao filled in a clockwork. Communications scholar Fang Kecheng filled in a cave. Disability studies scholar Mercy filled in a giant staircase. Lawyer Lokin filled in a slapdash operation. Placed side by side, the four images expose some of the hidden grain of modernity — why we've grown so dependent on quantification, why "objectivity" has become an increasingly untenable promise, what we turn to for certainty after the death of God, and whether, in the age of AI, we should be pessimistic or optimistic. 【时间轴 The When 】 02:44 为何我们需要拆解世界的"复数图像"？ 10:48 钟表宇宙图景：上帝作为第一推动力与永恒运行的规则 13:13 主客体二分法：当自然成为被征服的对象 20:55 还原论的代价：从"第一性原理"到互联网的"可扩展性"神话 26:53 李普曼的《公众舆论》：揭秘我们脑海中的"伪环境" 30:34 柏拉图洞穴寓言：当影像取代真实，人们为何拒绝走出洞穴？ 38:39 空间感知：为何纽约对不同身体来说既是天堂又是地狱？ 45:31 视觉中心主义批判：图像比喻背后的感官局限 49:56 《阿凡达》的政治隐喻：前现代神圣秩序与现代性治理的对比 58:59 为何我们突然觉得世界是个"草台班子"？ 1:08:43 美国宪政如何通过模糊性运行250年 1:12:30 法律界暴论：法官、律师的利益博弈与AI对法律文书的挑战 1:18:32 AI认识论：材料与观点的二分法是否依然有效？ 1:23:00 算法的"进步"：科技公司如何在AI中人为矫正偏见 02:44 Why do we need to break the world into "plural images"? 10:48 The clockwork universe: God as the prime mover and the eternal rules of motion 13:13 The subject-object split: when nature becomes something to be conquered 20:55 The cost of reductionism: from "first principles" to the myth of internet "scalability" 26:53 Lippmann's Public Opinion: unpacking the "pseudo-environment" in our heads 30:34 Plato's allegory of the cave: when shadows replace the real, why do we refuse to step out? 38:39 Spatial perception: why is New York both heaven and hell, depending on the body? 45:31 Against ocularcentrism: the sensory limits hidden in the metaphor of "image" 49:56 The politics of Avatar: pre-modern sacred order vs. modern governance 58:59 Why does the world suddenly feel like a "slapdash operation"? 1:08:43 How America's constitutional system has run for 250 years on ambiguity 1:12:30 A hot take on law: judges, lawyers, conflicts of interest, and the AI challenge to legal writing 1:18:32 AI and epistemology: does the split between sources and viewpoints still hold? 1:23:00 The "progress" baked into algorithms: how tech companies manually correct AI's biases 【我们是谁 The Who】 选修课 Universus 是一档分享和探讨泛文化话题的中文播客，脱胎于2013年创办的纽约文化沙龙。 我们力求引发对学科方法和视角的认知和思考，而不仅仅是知识的传递。我们在组织活动的过程中积累了一些经验和人脉，尝试打造成年人的博雅教育，并在播客中拓展这样的探索。我们希望审视和反抗无意识的价值规训与随波逐流。我们希望冷酷地剖析自己的偏见，热忱地拥抱多元视角。我们希望去工具化，真诚地感知、理解、创造自己的生活和复杂的世界。我们追随原初的好奇而非代餐式的猎奇。话题可以轻松，方法力求严肃。在《选修课》里，我们互相映照，唤醒失落的维度。 选修课 Universus is a Chinese-language podcast created by the same people who founded the New York Chinese Cultural Salon (纽约文化沙龙）in 2013. The past decade of organizing events and talks put us in a position of creating a sort of liberal arts education experience for those who have left school. We strive to go beyond merely transmitting knowledge to reflecting on complex topics using cross-disciplinary perspectives. We strive to resist conformity, to dissect our own biases, and to embrace diverse schools of thought. Our goal is to help professionals resist becoming just a tool of production, and to understand the world around us in earnest. We let our genuine curiosity be our guide. With a light-hearted tone, we approach each topic seriously. We hope that “选修课 Universus” creates a space to explore lost dimensions. 主讲人： * 老赵：《选修课 Universus》主播 * 方可成：《实验室 Newslab Podcast》、《放晴早安》主播 * Lokin：《美轮美换 The American Roulette》主播 * 仁慈：《残言片语 Disabled Talks》主播 【买咖啡 Please Support Us】 如果喜欢这期节目并愿意想要给我们买杯咖啡： * 打赏平台：www.patreon.com/universuspod * 商务合作邮箱：[email protected] If you like our show and want to support us, please consider the following: * 打赏平台: www.patreon.com/universuspod * Business Inquiries Email: [email protected]

【聊了什么 The What】 你是“债券”还是“期权”？重新定义你的职场与生活价值。如果你正处于转行、跳槽或地理跨越的十字路口，这期节目将为你提供一套全新的坐标系。 主讲人大卫翁挑战了传统的“找好工作”思维，提出职业选择本质上是人生最大的一次资产配置。节目深度拆解了人力资本的三个类型：无惊无喜但稳定的“债券型”、随行业起伏的“股票型”，以及九死一生却有爆发力的“期权型”。 为什么程序员应该多买债？为什么自由职业者需要更厚的流动垫？大卫翁还特别针对北美听众探讨了“签证身份”这一单点故障的应对策略。 通过建立家庭的“三张表”，我们将学习如何在人性与理性的拉扯中，做出更高容错率的决策。 Are you a "bond" or an "option"? A new framework for thinking about work and life.If you're standing at a crossroads — changing careers, switching jobs, or moving across borders — this episode offers a new coordinate system to navigate it. Our guest David Weng pushes back on the conventional pursuit of "a good job" and reframes career choices as the single biggest asset allocation decision of your life. He breaks down three types of human capital: the steady, no-surprises bond; the stock that rises and falls with its industry; and the high-risk, high-reward option that pays off only when it hits. Why should engineers hold more bonds? Why do freelancers need a thicker liquidity cushion? David also speaks directly to listeners in North America about how to manage visa status as a single point of failure in your life portfolio. By building out a family's "three financial statements," we learn how to make decisions with a higher margin of error — even when reason and human nature are pulling in opposite directions. 【时间轴 The When 】 01:23 - 核心视角：人力资产是每个人最重要的潜在资产 05:19 - 真实案例：从IPO取消看互联网中产的资产脆弱性 11:13 - 听友画像：海外科技行业从业者的金融与身份困境 18:48 - 逻辑构建：如何像管理公司财务报表一样管理人生 21:02 - 三种人力资本：政府/科研机构（债券）、跨国企业（股票）、创业/自由职业（期权） 33:07 - 职业抉择：重新定义“好工作”及其变现成本 45:22 - 从金融高管到自由博主的个人“再平衡”实践 51:57 - 择偶与风险预算：为何共同语言可能带来高相关性风险 56:47 - 地理位置即曝光（Exposure）：身份签证、汇率与行业机会的取舍 1:08:07 - 价值重估：海外背景在当下中国的溢价与世界观重塑 1:100:50 - 在不确定性中建立冗余与安全边际 01:23 — Core Premise: Human Capital Is Your Most Important Underlying Asset 05:19 — Case Study: A Canceled IPO and the Fragility of the Tech Middle Class 11:13 — Listener Profile: Overseas Tech Workers, Finances, and Visa Status 18:48 — Building the Framework: Managing Your Life Like a Company's Financials 21:02 — Three Types of Human Capital: Government & Academia (Bonds), Multinationals (Stocks), Startups & Freelance (Options) 33:07 — Career Decisions: Redefining a "Good Job" and the Cost of Cashing Out 45:22 — From Finance Executive to Independent Creator: A Personal Rebalancing 51:57 — Partner Selection and Risk Budgeting: Why Shared Background Can Mean Correlated Risk 56:47 — Geography as Exposure: Visas, Exchange Rates, and Industry Trade-offs 1:08:07 — Revaluation: How Overseas Experience Is Repriced in Today's China 1:10:50 — Building Redundancy and Margin of Safety in an Uncertain World 【我们是谁 The Who】 选修课 Universus 是一档分享和探讨泛文化话题的中文播客，脱胎于2013年创办的纽约文化沙龙。 我们力求引发对学科方法和视角的认知和思考，而不仅仅是知识的传递。我们在组织活动的过程中积累了一些经验和人脉，尝试打造成年人的博雅教育，并在播客中拓展这样的探索。我们希望审视和反抗无意识的价值规训与随波逐流。我们希望冷酷地剖析自己的偏见，热忱地拥抱多元视角。我们希望去工具化，真诚地感知、理解、创造自己的生活和复杂的世界。我们追随原初的好奇而非代餐式的猎奇。话题可以轻松，方法力求严肃。在《选修课》里，我们互相映照，唤醒失落的维度。 选修课 Universus is a Chinese-language podcast created by the same people who founded the New York Chinese Cultural Salon (纽约文化沙龙）in 2013. The past decade of organizing events and talks put us in a position of creating a sort of liberal arts education experience for those who have left school. We strive to go beyond merely transmitting knowledge to reflecting on complex topics using cross-disciplinary perspectives. We strive to resist conformity, to dissect our own biases, and to embrace diverse schools of thought. Our goal is to help professionals resist becoming just a tool of production, and to understand the world around us in earnest. We let our genuine curiosity be our guide. With a light-hearted tone, we approach each topic seriously. We hope that “选修课 Universus” creates a space to explore lost dimensions. 主讲人： * 大卫翁：“起朱楼宴宾客”公众号及播客主理人，《资产配置行动指南》作者，哥伦比亚大学新闻学院访问学者。特许金融分析师（CFA）持证人，2024第一财经“年度财经思想者”行业新锐。逾十五年金融从业经验，曾任中资头部投行董事总经理，以及国家主权基金投资经理等职。 * David Weng: David Weng is the founder of 起朱楼宴宾客, a leading Chinese-language podcast and Substack-style newsletter on finance and investing, and the author of A Practical Guide to Asset Allocation. He is a Visiting Scholar at the Columbia Journalism School and a CFA charterholder, and was named a "Financial Thought Leader of the Year — Rising Voice" by Yicai (China Business Network) in 2024. He brings over fifteen years of experience in finance, having previously served as Managing Director at one of China's leading investment banks and as Investment Manager at a sovereign wealth fund. 【买咖啡 Please Support Us】 如果喜欢这期节目并愿意想要给我们买杯咖啡： * 打赏平台：www.patreon.com/universuspod * 商务合作邮箱：[email protected] If you like our show and want to support us, please consider the following: * 打赏平台: www.patreon.com/universuspod * Business Inquiries Email: [email protected]

【聊了什么 The What】 还记得你在大学的时候，第一次听到一场酣畅淋漓的政治哲学讲座的感觉吗？本期节目，学者林垚带我们深入自由这个复杂概念的底层逻辑。 如果说“各行其是的自由”保障了个体的独立，那么“共行其是的自由”则考验着共同体的智慧。选民的“无知”是民主的终点吗？面对日益严重的民粹主义和假新闻泛滥，我们是否需要某种“选民资格考试”？为什么“贤能政治”往往沦为规训工具？为什么看似公平的“抽签制”实际上削弱了人的自由能动性？ Remember the feeling of hearing your first electrifying political philosophy lecture in college? In this episode, scholar Lin Yao takes us deep into the underlying logic of that complex concept: freedom. If "the freedom to each go their own way" safeguards individual independence, then "the freedom to walk together" tests the wisdom of the community. Is voter "ignorance" the death knell of democracy? In the face of escalating populism and the flood of fake news, do we need some kind of "voter qualification exam"? Why does "meritocracy" so often degenerate into a tool of disciplinary control? Why does the seemingly fair "lottery system" actually erode human agency and freedom? 【时间轴 The When 】 * 01:14 - 定义：民主是共同体在争辩与协商中的动态过程 * 09:00 - 贤能政治与新儒家：历史上的儒家士大夫统治反思 * 12:39 - 方法论：为什么不能用理想化的贤能政治对比非理想的民主 * 19:53 - 选民资格考试的陷阱：历史上的种族隔离与政治规训 * 33:35 - 民主非数人头：探讨决策理由的代表性与正当性 * 41:10 - 法律适用 vs 政治管理：陪审团模式与治国的差异 * 51:59 - 地方媒体的掏空：社交媒体算法下的信息环境劣质化 * 56:33 - 政治表达 vs 言论自由：金钱政治在美国法律框架下的演变 * 63:41 - 哈贝马斯与罗尔斯之争：程序正义与实质不平等的对抗 * 73:35 - 杜维尔热法则：美国单选区多数制与两党制的必然性 * 79:22 - 杰利蝾螈与社会选择悖论：制度如何扭曲民意 * 92:45 - 最高法院神话：终身制法官的政治筛选与制衡失效 * 101:06 - 承认自由内在的风险，作为人的可错性声明 * 01:14 — Definition: Democracy as a community's dynamic process of debate and negotiation * 09:00 — Meritocracy and New Confucianism: Reflections on historical rule by Confucian scholar-officials * 12:39 — Methodology: Why we can't compare an idealized meritocracy against a non-ideal democracy * 19:53 — The trap of voter qualification tests: Historical racial segregation and political discipline * 33:35 — Democracy is not just counting heads: Examining the representativeness and legitimacy of decision-making rationales * 41:10 — Legal application vs. political administration: The difference between the jury model and governing a state * 51:59 — The hollowing out of local media: Information environment degradation under social media algorithms * 56:33 — Political expression vs. freedom of speech: The evolution of money politics within the U.S. legal framework * 63:41 — The Habermas–Rawls debate: Procedural justice versus substantive inequality * 73:35 — Duverger's Law: The inevitability of two-party systems under U.S. single-member-district plurality voting * 79:22 — Gerrymandering and the social choice paradox: How institutions distort the popular will * 92:45 — The Supreme Court myth: Political filtering of life-tenured justices and the failure of checks and balances * 101:06 — Acknowledging the risks inherent in freedom — as a declaration of human fallibility 【我们是谁 The Who】 选修课 Universus 是一档分享和探讨泛文化话题的中文播客，脱胎于2013年创办的纽约文化沙龙。 我们力求引发对学科方法和视角的认知和思考，而不仅仅是知识的传递。我们在组织活动的过程中积累了一些经验和人脉，尝试打造成年人的博雅教育，并在播客中拓展这样的探索。我们希望审视和反抗无意识的价值规训与随波逐流。我们希望冷酷地剖析自己的偏见，热忱地拥抱多元视角。我们希望去工具化，真诚地感知、理解、创造自己的生活和复杂的世界。我们追随原初的好奇而非代餐式的猎奇。话题可以轻松，方法力求严肃。在《选修课》里，我们互相映照，唤醒失落的维度。 选修课 Universus is a Chinese-language podcast created by the same people who founded the New York Chinese Cultural Salon (纽约文化沙龙）in 2013. The past decade of organizing events and talks put us in a position of creating a sort of liberal arts education experience for those who have left school. We strive to go beyond merely transmitting knowledge to reflecting on complex topics using cross-disciplinary perspectives. We strive to resist conformity, to dissect our own biases, and to embrace diverse schools of thought. Our goal is to help professionals resist becoming just a tool of production, and to understand the world around us in earnest. We let our genuine curiosity be our guide. With a light-hearted tone, we approach each topic seriously. We hope that “选修课 Universus” creates a space to explore lost dimensions. 主讲人： * 林垚，政治学、哲学、法学学者，高校教师，公众号“林三土”，播客“时差”、“催稿拉黑”，2024年出版文集《空谈》 * Lin Yao, scholar of political science, philosophy, and law; university faculty member; author of the WeChat public account "林三土"; host of the podcasts "时差" and "催稿拉黑"; published essay collection Empty Talk (《空谈》) in 2024. 【买咖啡 Please Support Us】 如果喜欢这期节目并愿意想要给我们买杯咖啡： * 打赏平台：www.patreon.com/universuspod * 商务合作邮箱：[email protected] If you like our show and want to support us, please consider the following: * 打赏平台: www.patreon.com/universuspod * Business Inquiries Email: [email protected]

【聊了什么 The What】 还记得你在大学的时候，第一次听到一场酣畅淋漓的政治哲学讲座的感觉吗？本期节目，学者林垚带我们深入自由这个复杂概念的底层逻辑。 我们常挂在嘴边的“自由”究竟指代什么？是仅仅拥有选项，还是必须免受他人干预？想做自己想做的事”就叫自由吗？如果这种冲动只是被欲望驱使的“低级自我”呢？为什么自由会有「形式」与「实质」之分？为什么有人认为听从「哲人王」的教导才是真正的自由？归根结底，我们真的需要“自由” 这个东西吗？ Do you remember the feeling the first time you heard a truly exhilarating political philosophy lecture in college? In this episode, scholar Lin Yao takes us deep into the underlying logic of that complex concept: freedom. What does "freedom" — a word we throw around constantly — actually mean? Is it merely having options, or must it also mean freedom from interference by others? Does "being able to do what you want" count as freedom? What if that impulse is just your "lower self" being driven by desire? Why is there a distinction between "formal" and "substantive" freedom? Why do some argue that following the guidance of a "philosopher-king" is actually the truest form of freedom? And ultimately — do we even need "freedom" as a concept at all? 【时间轴 The When 】 * 00:00 - 日常生活中的自由直觉：救命，我被短视频绑架了 * 08:50 - 哲人王与道德律：自由概念在思想史上的困境 * 10:16 - 形式自由与实质自由的争论 * 12:38 - 消极自由与积极自由：从康德到伯林的名词演变 * 18:08 - 麦卡伦的三元表达式：主体、障碍与目标 * 27:36 - 查尔斯·泰勒的回应：机会概念与行使概念 * 36:30 - 女权主义视角：赫希曼谈自由背后的人格想象 * 45:30 - 菲利普·佩迪特：作为“免于支配”的新共和主义自由观 * 51:42 - 林垚的视角：个行其是的自由与共行其是的自由 * 67:16 - 现场问答：从演化论视角看人类的社会性与自由 * 00:00 - Everyday intuitions about freedom: Help, I've been hijacked by short-form videos * 08:50 - The philosopher-king and moral law: the困境 predicament of freedom in the history of ideas * 10:16 - The debate between formal freedom and substantive freedom * 12:38 - Negative liberty vs. positive liberty: the evolution of terminology from Kant to Berlin * 18:08 - MacCallum's triadic formula: agent, constraint, and goal * 27:36 - Charles Taylor's response: the opportunity-concept vs. the exercise-concept * 36:30 - A feminist perspective: Hirschman on the vision of personhood underlying freedom * 45:30 - Philip Pettit: the neo-republican conception of freedom as non-domination * 51:42 - Lin Yao's perspective: freedom as individual self-governance vs. freedom as collective self-governance * 67:16 - Live Q&A: an evolutionary perspective on human sociality and freedom 【我们是谁 The Who】 选修课 Universus 是一档分享和探讨泛文化话题的中文播客，脱胎于2013年创办的纽约文化沙龙。 我们力求引发对学科方法和视角的认知和思考，而不仅仅是知识的传递。我们在组织活动的过程中积累了一些经验和人脉，尝试打造成年人的博雅教育，并在播客中拓展这样的探索。我们希望审视和反抗无意识的价值规训与随波逐流。我们希望冷酷地剖析自己的偏见，热忱地拥抱多元视角。我们希望去工具化，真诚地感知、理解、创造自己的生活和复杂的世界。我们追随原初的好奇而非代餐式的猎奇。话题可以轻松，方法力求严肃。在《选修课》里，我们互相映照，唤醒失落的维度。 选修课 Universus is a Chinese-language podcast created by the same people who founded the New York Chinese Cultural Salon (纽约文化沙龙）in 2013. The past decade of organizing events and talks put us in a position of creating a sort of liberal arts education experience for those who have left school. We strive to go beyond merely transmitting knowledge to reflecting on complex topics using cross-disciplinary perspectives. We strive to resist conformity, to dissect our own biases, and to embrace diverse schools of thought. Our goal is to help professionals resist becoming just a tool of production, and to understand the world around us in earnest. We let our genuine curiosity be our guide. With a light-hearted tone, we approach each topic seriously. We hope that “选修课 Universus” creates a space to explore lost dimensions. 主讲人： * 林垚，政治学、哲学、法学学者，高校教师，公众号“林三土”，播客“时差”、“催稿拉黑”，2024年出版文集《空谈》 * Lin Yao, scholar of political science, philosophy, and law; university faculty member; author of the WeChat public account "林三土"; host of the podcasts "时差" and "催稿拉黑"; published essay collection Empty Talk (《空谈》) in 2024. 【买咖啡 Please Support Us】 如果喜欢这期节目并愿意想要给我们买杯咖啡： * 打赏平台：www.patreon.com/universuspod * 商务合作邮箱：[email protected] If you like our show and want to support us, please consider the following: * 打赏平台: www.patreon.com/universuspod * Business Inquiries Email: [email protected]

【聊了什么 The What】 本期节目邀请到前 Meta 人工智能研究院高级经理田渊栋，与哥伦比亚大学商学院助理教授彭天翼，共同探讨 2026 年 AI 的核心命题：个性化。从冯·诺依曼架构的‘存算分离’到大模型的‘存算一体’，我们深入拆解了 AI 如何通过显性与隐性记忆构建个人数字孪生。我们还特别针对学术界与工业界的‘地位倒挂’、端侧 AI 的隐私平衡以及 AI for Science 等热门话题进行了全方位碰撞。当下的 AI 究竟是通才工具，还是具备独特审美与思维方式的个人助理？在 AI 时代，人类如何通过提出‘宏大愿景’来定义自我价值？ In this episode, we are joined by Yuandong Tian, former Senior Manager at Meta AI Research, and Tianyi Peng, Assistant Professor at Columbia Business School, for a wide-ranging conversation on one of the defining questions of AI in 2026: personalization. From the “separation of memory and computation” in the von Neumann architecture to the emerging “fusion of memory and computation” in large models, we unpack how AI may build a personal digital twin through both explicit and implicit forms of memory. We also dive into a range of major topics, including the role reversal between academia and industry, the privacy tradeoffs of on-device AI, and the promise of AI for Science. Is today’s AI simply a general-purpose tool, or can it become a personal assistant with its own distinctive aesthetic and mode of thinking? In the age of AI, how can humans define their value through the ability to articulate bold visions? 【时间轴 The When 】 * 00:00 - 老赵介绍嘉宾田渊栋与彭天翼 * 09:50 - 大模型中的存算一体与冯诺依曼架构 * 20:40 - AI的记忆困境：显式记忆与参数化记忆的路径之争 * 39:38 - 语言是智能的上限吗？处理非语言信息的挑战 * 48:51 - 实验趣闻：为什么模拟出的AI学生往往比真人更“聪明” * 51:51 - 执行与反馈：验证者定律及强化学习中的奖励机制 * 72:40 - 学术界与工业界在AI浪潮中的角色转变 * 96:32 - 端侧AI（On-device Agent）的前景与隐私保护 * 00:00 – Zhao introduces guests Yuandong Tian and Tianyi Peng * 09:50 – The fusion of memory and computation in large models, and the von Neumann architecture * 20:40 – AI’s memory dilemma: explicit memory vs. parametric memory * 39:38 – Is language the ceiling of intelligence? The challenge of processing non-linguistic information * 48:51 – A research anecdote: why simulated AI students often seem “smarter” than real humans * 51:51 – Execution and feedback: the verifier’s law and reward mechanisms in reinforcement learning * 72:40 – The shifting roles of academia and industry in the AI wave * 96:32 – The future of on-device AI agents and privacy protection 【我们是谁 The Who】 选修课 Universus 是一档分享和探讨泛文化话题的中文播客，脱胎于2013年创办的纽约文化沙龙。 我们力求引发对学科方法和视角的认知和思考，而不仅仅是知识的传递。我们在组织活动的过程中积累了一些经验和人脉，尝试打造成年人的博雅教育，并在播客中拓展这样的探索。我们希望审视和反抗无意识的价值规训与随波逐流。我们希望冷酷地剖析自己的偏见，热忱地拥抱多元视角。我们希望去工具化，真诚地感知、理解、创造自己的生活和复杂的世界。我们追随原初的好奇而非代餐式的猎奇。话题可以轻松，方法力求严肃。在《选修课》里，我们互相映照，唤醒失落的维度。 选修课 Universus is a Chinese-language podcast created by the same people who founded the New York Chinese Cultural Salon (纽约文化沙龙）in 2013. The past decade of organizing events and talks put us in a position of creating a sort of liberal arts education experience for those who have left school. We strive to go beyond merely transmitting knowledge to reflecting on complex topics using cross-disciplinary perspectives. We strive to resist conformity, to dissect our own biases, and to embrace diverse schools of thought. Our goal is to help professionals resist becoming just a tool of production, and to understand the world around us in earnest. We let our genuine curiosity be our guide. With a light-hearted tone, we approach each topic seriously. We hope that “选修课 Universus” creates a space to explore lost dimensions. 嘉宾： * 田渊栋 博士：前Meta人工智能研究院研究员及高级经理 * 彭天翼 博士：哥伦比亚大学商学院决策风险与运筹系助理教授 * Dr. Yuandong Tian: Former Research Scientist and Senior Manager at Meta AI Research * Dr. Tianyi Peng: Assistant Professor of Decision, Risk, and Operations at Columbia Business School 【买咖啡 Please Support Us】 如果喜欢这期节目并愿意想要给我们买杯咖啡： * 打赏平台：www.patreon.com/universuspod * 商务合作邮箱：[email protected] If you like our show and want to support us, please consider the following: * 打赏平台: www.patreon.com/universuspod * Business Inquiries Email: [email protected]

【聊了什么 The What】 本期“选修课”邀请到JustPod创始人杨一，探讨在去中心化时代，我们如何重建与媒体的连接。从1906年圣诞夜的海上广播，到2000年跨年全球电视直播的宏大叙事，杨一用他敏锐的行业洞察，还原了媒体是如何从单纯的工具演变为人类感官的延伸。节目涵盖了Pat Weaver如何创造深夜脱口秀、CNN如何在海湾战争中一战成名，以及面对移动互联网的冲击，创作者该如何平衡“磨大招”与“快迭代”。为什么在未来的数字世界里，找回“附近”和建立个人坐标系比盲目获取信息更为重要？在算法的洪流中追逐千万级的流量，还是建立一个基于信任和品位的“小城堡”？在这个人人皆媒体的时代，我们的使命与责任究竟在哪里？ In this episode we invited Yang Yi, founder of JustPod, to explore how we can rebuild our connection with media in a decentralized era. From the Christmas Eve sea broadcast of 1906 to the grand global television spectacle of the year 2000 countdown, Yang draws on his sharp industry insight to trace how media evolved from a simple tool into an extension of human senses. The conversation spans how Pat Weaver invented the late-night talk show format, how CNN rose to prominence during the Gulf War, and how creators today can balance “polishing a big move” with rapid iteration in the age of mobile internet. Why, in the digital future, is reclaiming a sense of “the nearby” and building a personal coordinate system more important than blindly consuming information? In the torrent of algorithms, should we chase tens of millions of views, or build a “small castle” grounded in trust and taste? In an era where everyone is a media outlet, what are our responsibilities? 【时间轴 The When 】 * 00:00 - 从WEAF电台旧址看100年前的媒体实验 * 05:28 - 人类第一次无线电广播背后的偶然性 * 12:55 - 早期广播先驱：弗兰克·康拉德与硬件商的生态系统构建 * 24:05 - 电视IP化的开端：从戏剧录制到深夜喜剧 * 34:02 - 电视语言创造跨越国界的文化记忆 * 42:37 - 里根法案如何终结Intelsat垄断并催生CNN * 54:06 - 为什么说中世纪的宗教折叠画是当时的“短视频”？ * 66:07 - AIGC的挑战：渠道门槛降低后，内容生产者的生存困境 * 00:00 – Visiting the former site of WEAF radio and media experiments a century ago * 05:28 – The serendipity behind humanity’s first wireless radio broadcast * 12:55 – Early broadcasting pioneers: Frank Conrad and the hardware-driven ecosystem * 24:05 – The beginning of television IP: from recorded drama to late-night comedy * 34:02 – How television language created cross-border cultural memory * 42:37 – How Reagan-era legislation ended Intelsat’s monopoly and enabled CNN’s rise * 54:06 – Why medieval religious folding paintings were the “short videos” of their time * 66:07 – The challenge of AIGC: survival dilemmas for content creators as distribution barriers fall 【我们是谁 The Who】 选修课 Universus 是一档分享和探讨泛文化话题的中文播客，脱胎于2013年创办的纽约文化沙龙。 我们力求引发对学科方法和视角的认知和思考，而不仅仅是知识的传递。我们在组织活动的过程中积累了一些经验和人脉，尝试打造成年人的博雅教育，并在播客中拓展这样的探索。我们希望审视和反抗无意识的价值规训与随波逐流。我们希望冷酷地剖析自己的偏见，热忱地拥抱多元视角。我们希望去工具化，真诚地感知、理解、创造自己的生活和复杂的世界。我们追随原初的好奇而非代餐式的猎奇。话题可以轻松，方法力求严肃。在《选修课》里，我们互相映照，唤醒失落的维度。 选修课 Universus is a Chinese-language podcast created by the same people who founded the New York Chinese Cultural Salon (纽约文化沙龙）in 2013. The past decade of organizing events and talks put us in a position of creating a sort of liberal arts education experience for those who have left school. We strive to go beyond merely transmitting knowledge to reflecting on complex topics using cross-disciplinary perspectives. We strive to resist conformity, to dissect our own biases, and to embrace diverse schools of thought. Our goal is to help professionals resist becoming just a tool of production, and to understand the world around us in earnest. We let our genuine curiosity be our guide. With a light-hearted tone, we approach each topic seriously. We hope that “选修课 Universus” creates a space to explore lost dimensions. 【买咖啡 Please Support Us】 如果喜欢这期节目并愿意想要给我们买杯咖啡： * 打赏平台：www.patreon.com/universuspod * 商务合作邮箱：[email protected] If you like our show and want to support us, please consider the following: * 打赏平台: www.patreon.com/universuspod * Business Inquiries Email: [email protected]

【聊了什么】 谎言，是人类社会的润滑剂，还是效率的绊脚石？是一种自我保护的自由，还是滋生不公的温床？当「我没问题」「收到」「您说得对」背后真实的吐槽被强制公之于众，你的职场生活会更好还是更坏呢？《选修课》「如果宇宙」思想实验系列，再次撕开现实的口子，邀请你一同推想一个“无谎职场”。 我们探讨了当“防御性谎言”和“心照不宣的潜规则”消失后，一系列连锁反应将如何展开：预算博弈的“囚徒困境”能否被终结？等级森严的组织中，是会催生出更强的个体，还是会强迫人们将“崇拜”内化为真实信仰？从语言学的角度看，当隐喻与模糊性被视为不诚实，我们的沟通能力是否会被根本性地剥夺？00后新人为何期盼一个没有潜规则的世界？而体制内的“防御性表演”又将在绝对诚实面前何去何从？当情绪价值被重新估量，当“演戏”不再可能，我们究竟离一个更好的职场更近了，还是更远了？ Are lies the lubricant of human society or the stumbling block of efficiency? Are they a form of self-protection and personal freedom, or the breeding ground of injustice? When everyday workplace phrases like “I’m fine,” “Got it,” and “You’re right” are forced to give way to the truth behind the polite facades, will your work life become better—or worse? In this episode of Elective Course's “What If Universe” thought experiment series, we once again tear open a crack in reality and invite you to imagine a world with no lies at work. We explore the chain reactions that could follow the disappearance of "defensive lies" and unspoken workplace rules: Can the budgetary “prisoner’s dilemma” be resolved? In rigid hierarchies, will this honesty foster stronger individuals—or compel people to internalize flattery as genuine belief? From a linguistic standpoint, if metaphors and ambiguity are deemed dishonest, are we fundamentally robbed of our ability to communicate? Why do Gen Z newcomers long for a workplace without unspoken rules? And in the bureaucracy, what happens to “defensive performances” when absolute honesty becomes the norm? When emotional labor is reassessed and there’s no room left for “performing,” are we getting closer to a better workplace—or drifting further away? [image.png] 【时间轴】 * 00:00 “如果宇宙”系列，设定脑洞“如果上班不能说谎”。 * 05:30 四位主播背景介绍（投资人、科研学者、体制内、00后新人） * 08:00 体制内财务预算的“防御性表演”（虚报预算）和资源申请虚报的“囚徒困境” * 20:24 对上级的表面崇拜和讨好全部消失，会增加还是减少情绪消耗？ * 31:41 演戏是否算说谎？ * 41:15 无谎会否带来更多PUA和画饼）？ * 48:07 上位者在现有潜规则下获得了什么？ * 55:06 从语言学角度看，“不许说谎”约等于“不许说话”？？ * 59:32 为何透明高效的模式未成为主流？ * 00:00 "What If" series: Thought experiment — What if you couldn't lie at work? * 05:30 Backgrounds of the four hosts: investor, academic researcher, government employee, Gen Z newcomer * 08:00 "Defensive performances" in government budgeting (inflated numbers) and the “prisoner’s dilemma” of resource applications * 20:24 If all superficial flattery and fake admiration toward superiors disappear, will emotional exhaustion increase or decrease? * 31:41 Is "acting" considered a form of lying? * 41:15 Will a no-lies workplace lead to more workplace gaslighting and empty promises? * 48:07 What do those in power gain from the current implicit rules? * 55:06 From a linguistic perspective, does “no lying” mean “no talking”? * 59:32 Why hasn’t the transparent and efficient model become mainstream? 【我们是谁 The Who】 选修课 Universus 是一档分享和探讨泛文化话题的中文播客，脱胎于2013年创办的纽约文化沙龙。 我们力求引发对学科方法和视角的认知和思考，而不仅仅是知识的传递。我们在组织活动的过程中积累了一些经验和人脉，尝试打造成年人的博雅教育，并在播客中拓展这样的探索。我们希望审视和反抗无意识的价值规训与随波逐流。我们希望冷酷地剖析自己的偏见，热忱地拥抱多元视角。我们希望去工具化，真诚地感知、理解、创造自己的生活和复杂的世界。我们追随原初的好奇而非代餐式的猎奇。话题可以轻松，方法力求严肃。在《选修课》里，我们互相映照，唤醒失落的维度。 选修课 Universus is a Chinese-language podcast created by the same people who founded the New York Chinese Cultural Salon (纽约文化沙龙）in 2013. The past decade of organizing events and talks put us in a position of creating a sort of liberal arts education experience for those who have left school. We strive to go beyond merely transmitting knowledge to reflecting on complex topics using cross-disciplinary perspectives. We strive to resist conformity, to dissect our own biases, and to embrace diverse schools of thought. Our goal is to help professionals resist becoming just a tool of production, and to understand the world around us in earnest. We let our genuine curiosity be our guide. With a light-hearted tone, we approach each topic seriously. We hope that “选修课 Universus” creates a space to explore lost dimensions. 【买咖啡 Please Support Us】 如果喜欢这期节目并愿意想要给我们买杯咖啡： * 打赏平台：www.patreon.com/universuspod * 商务合作邮箱：[email protected] If you like our show and want to support us, please consider the following: * 打赏平台: www.patreon.com/universuspod * Business Inquiries Email: [email protected]

【聊了什么 The What】 本期「选修课」邀请民俗学家李明洁，从一张尘封于哥伦比亚大学特藏、来自1931年北京的“月光马”出发，开启一场对民俗图像与文化记忆的深度探索。 中秋节为何曾是专属女性的节日？为何观音、财神、关公、送子娘娘会毫无违和感地出现在同一张画上？“月光马”如何将一个普通空间瞬间切换为神圣场域，又在焚化后开启世俗的团圆？ In this episode, folklorist Li Mingjie takes us on an in-depth journey into folk imagery and cultural memory, beginning with a rare Moonlight Horse (月光马) print from 1931 Beijing—now preserved in Columbia University's Special Collections on Chinese popular religion. Why was the Mid-Autumn Festival once a festival primarily for women? Why do Guanyin, the God of Wealth, Guan Yu, and the Child-Giving Goddess (送子娘娘) all appear harmoniously on a single paper image? How did the Moonlight Horse instantly transform an everyday domestic space into a sacred ritual site—and, upon burning, open the door to a secular reunion? 【时间轴 The When】 * 00:34 - 哥大馆藏“中国纸神专藏”中的月光马 * 14:55 - “纸马”是什么 * 36:51 - “玉兔”和背景众神：华严三圣、四大天王等 * 53:21 - 阐释“男不拜月，女不祭灶”习俗 * 55:25 - 关羽为什么是财神 * 70:02 - 解释“兔儿爷”的由来与功能 * 72:25 - 月光马作为创造神圣空间的符号界标 * 76:45 - 追溯文化记忆的源头：从汉代画像石到当代田野调查 * 00:34 – The Moonlight Horse (月光马) in Columbia University’s “Chinese Paper Deities” special collection * 14:55 – What are paper horses (纸马)? * 36:51 – The Jade Rabbit (玉兔) and background deities: Huayan Trinity (华严三圣), Four Heavenly Kings (四大天王), etc. * 53:21 – Explaining the folk custom: “Men don’t worship the moon, women don’t sacrifice to the kitchen god” * 55:25 – Why Guan Yu is worshipped as the God of Wealth * 70:02 – The origin and function of Tu’er Ye (兔儿爷, “Lord Rabbit”) * 72:25 – The Moonlight Horse as a symbolic marker for sacred space creation * 76:45 – Tracing cultural memory: from Han dynasty stone reliefs to contemporary ethnographic fieldwork [image.png] [image.png] [image.png] [image.png] [image.png] [image.png] [image.png] [image.png] 【我们是谁 The Who】 选修课 Universus 是一档分享和探讨泛文化话题的中文播客，脱胎于2013年创办的纽约文化沙龙。 我们力求引发对学科方法和视角的认知和思考，而不仅仅是知识的传递。我们在组织活动的过程中积累了一些经验和人脉，尝试打造成年人的博雅教育，并在播客中拓展这样的探索。我们希望审视和反抗无意识的价值规训与随波逐流。我们希望冷酷地剖析自己的偏见，热忱地拥抱多元视角。我们希望去工具化，真诚地感知、理解、创造自己的生活和复杂的世界。我们追随原初的好奇而非代餐式的猎奇。话题可以轻松，方法力求严肃。在《选修课》里，我们互相映照，唤醒失落的维度。 主讲： * 李明洁: 1991年至2023年任教于华东师范大学中文系和民俗学研究所，教授、博士生导师，从事社会语言学、都市民俗学和文化人类学的教学与研究，偏重文化认知和社会记忆领域。现供职于纽约大学东亚系和新学院大学尤金朗文理学院。 选修课 Universus is a Chinese-language podcast created by the same people who founded the New York Chinese Cultural Salon (纽约文化沙龙）in 2013. The past decade of organizing events and talks put us in a position of creating a sort of liberal arts education experience for those who have left school. We strive to go beyond merely transmitting knowledge to reflecting on complex topics using cross-disciplinary perspectives. We strive to resist conformity, to dissect our own biases, and to embrace diverse schools of thought. Our goal is to help professionals resist becoming just a tool of production, and to understand the world around us in earnest. We let our genuine curiosity be our guide. With a light-hearted tone, we approach each topic seriously. We hope that “选修课 Universus” creates a space to explore lost dimensions. Our guest: * Mingjie Li: From 1991 to 2023, she taught in the Department of Chinese Language and Literature and the Institute of Folklore at East China Normal University as a professor and doctoral advisor. Her academic work focuses on sociolinguistics, urban folklore, and cultural anthropology, with an emphasis on cultural cognition and social memory. She is currently affiliated with the Department of East Asian Studies at New York University and the Eugene Lang College of Liberal Arts at The New School. 【买咖啡 Please Support Us】 如果喜欢这期节目并愿意想要给我们买杯咖啡： * 打赏平台：www.patreon.com/universuspod * 商务合作邮箱：[email protected] If you like our show and want to support us, please consider the following: * 打赏平台: www.patreon.com/universuspod * Business Inquiries Email: [email protected]

【聊了什么 The What】 无麸质饮食真的更健康吗？减肥到底该低碳还是低脂？市面上五花八门的保健品，是不是智商税？关于“吃”这件事，我们每天都在做决定，却也时常感到困惑。本期节目，我们请来美国注册营养师张千慧博士，为你一一击破关于流行饮食的常见迷思。 我们将以“无麸质饮食”和“低脂 vs. 低碳之争”为两大案例，回顾营养科学的发展轨迹，探讨其研究范式的局限性，并揭示食品工业的利益冲突如何深刻影响着公共卫生建议。究竟是否存在一套适合所有人的“最佳饮食”？当面对海量的营养信息时，我们该如何建立自己的思辨框架？本期节目将带你“浅尝不止”，从科学与历史的纵深处，重新理解我们与食物的复杂关系。 Is going gluten-free really healthier? When it comes to weight loss, should you cut carbs or fat? And what about all those supplements on the market—are they worth it or just a scam? Eating is something we do every day, yet we’re constantly confused by conflicting information. In this episode, we invite Dr. Jera Zhang, a registered dietitian based in the U.S., to debunk some of the most common myths surrounding popular diets. Focusing on two major case studies—“the gluten-free diet” and “the low-fat vs. low-carb debate”—we trace the evolution of nutrition science, question the limitations of its research paradigms, and expose how corporate interests in the food industry shape public health recommendations. Is there truly one “optimal” diet for everyone? How do we build our own critical thinking framework amid a flood of nutritional advice? This episode goes beyond surface-level bites, offering a deeper historical and scientific look into our complex relationship with food. 【时间轴 The When】 * 02:10 从流行饮食审视人与食物的关系。 * 05:10 详解无麸质饮食：麸质的定义，无麸质饮食的医学起源，谁需要无麸质饮食 * 26:43 低碳水化合物与低脂饮食的世纪之争 * 42:55 Q&A：低碳对女性生理期影响，在美国什么情况下可以看营养师，益生菌、保健品（维生素D、鱼油等） * 65:12 营养学研究的复杂性和食品工业的强大影响力 * 02:10 Viewing human-food relationships through the lens of popular diets * 05:10 Deep dive into gluten-free diets: What is gluten, the medical origins of gluten-free eating, who really needs it * 26:43 The century-long battle between low-carb and low-fat diets * 42:55 Q&A: Effects of low-carb diets on menstrual cycles, when to see a dietitian in the U.S., probiotics and supplements (vitamin D, fish oil, etc.) * 65:12 The complexity of nutrition research and the powerful influence of the food industry 【我们是谁 The Who】 选修课 Universus 是一档分享和探讨泛文化话题的中文播客，脱胎于2013年创办的纽约文化沙龙。 我们力求引发对学科方法和视角的认知和思考，而不仅仅是知识的传递。我们在组织活动的过程中积累了一些经验和人脉，尝试打造成年人的博雅教育，并在播客中拓展这样的探索。我们希望审视和反抗无意识的价值规训与随波逐流。我们希望冷酷地剖析自己的偏见，热忱地拥抱多元视角。我们希望去工具化，真诚地感知、理解、创造自己的生活和复杂的世界。我们追随原初的好奇而非代餐式的猎奇。话题可以轻松，方法力求严肃。在《选修课》里，我们互相映照，唤醒失落的维度。 主讲： * 张千惠 Jera Zhang: 美国注册营养师，纽约市立大学亨特学院营养与公共健康系助理教授 选修课 Universus is a Chinese-language podcast created by the same people who founded the New York Chinese Cultural Salon (纽约文化沙龙）in 2013. The past decade of organizing events and talks put us in a position of creating a sort of liberal arts education experience for those who have left school. We strive to go beyond merely transmitting knowledge to reflecting on complex topics using cross-disciplinary perspectives. We strive to resist conformity, to dissect our own biases, and to embrace diverse schools of thought. Our goal is to help professionals resist becoming just a tool of production, and to understand the world around us in earnest. We let our genuine curiosity be our guide. With a light-hearted tone, we approach each topic seriously. We hope that “选修课 Universus” creates a space to explore lost dimensions. Our guest: Jera Zhang: Registered Dietitian (RD), Assistant Professor in the Department of Nutrition and Public Health at Hunter College, City University of New York 【买咖啡 Please Support Us】 如果喜欢这期节目并愿意想要给我们买杯咖啡： * 打赏平台：www.patreon.com/universuspod * 商务合作邮箱：[email protected] If you like our show and want to support us, please consider the following: * 打赏平台: www.patreon.com/universuspod * Business Inquiries Email: [email protected]

【聊了什么 The What】 本期节目是一个串台节目，录制于2024年十月，首发于不合时宜播客。 上一次诺贝尔物理学奖把桂冠颁给两位“AI 教父”，在物理圈和科技圈同时掀起了腥风血雨——物理奖是不是“名存实亡”？老赵从这桩「史上最具争议的诺奖」聊到个人 16 年的高能物理求学路，再到 AI、神经网络与涌现现象；一路拆解「时间-空间」这种我们天天挂在嘴边却难以言说的概念，甚至把广义相对论、规范场论背后的“美学冲动”也摆上了桌。 物理奖为什么会颁给人工智能研究？如果 AI 只是借了物理的灵感，这算不算“跨界越界”？当深度学习席卷世界，Hinton 与同行为何频频示警？技术飞奔时，谁来守住人类的边界？物理学究竟教会了我们什么视角？它真的是寻找客观真理，还是只是一种“看世界的方法论工具箱”？为什么爱因斯坦单凭“审美直觉”就能预言引力定律？当理论之“美”与自然精确吻合时，我们到底在惊叹什么？ Last year’s Nobel Prize in Physics crowned two AI luminaries and instantly ignited a storm: has the prize abandoned “real” physics? In this episode, physicist-turned-AI-researcher Zhichen walks us through the controversy, his 16-year voyage in high-energy theory, and how neural networks, emergence, and even the texture of space-time weave together. Along the way he reveals the aesthetic intuition behind general relativity and gauge theories and asks whether physics is a hunt for objective truth or just one more lens on reality. Does awarding an AI discovery rewrite the borders of physics? Why do pioneers like Hinton sound the alarm while driving the field forward? Is physics a toolbox of world-models rather than a catalogue of eternal facts? What do the debates between scientific realism and logical positivism mean for everyday reasoning? 【时间轴 The When】 * 00:00:37 去年的诺贝尔物理学奖与《什么是物理》初登场 * 00:08:32 老赵的“物理初心”——从奥赛保送到北大 * 00:14:10 无人押中！物理奖给 AI 的惊愕与争议 * 00:20:55 Hinton 为何把自己比作“AI 奥本海默” * 00:24:44 学科边界正在消融：物理当“方法论输出者” * 00:31:10 赫布定律与神经元：学习是如何在大脑里“写电流”的 * 00:43:31 “一百只白天鹅”与物理解释学危机 * 00:58:07 广义相对论：当审美预言被宇宙检验 * 00:00:37 The controversial Nobel Prize & Lao Zhao’s new book * 00:08:32 Origin story: from Physics Olympiad to Peking University * 00:14:10 Nobody guessed the AI-physics Nobel shock * 00:20:55 Hinton as the “AI Oppenheimer” * 00:24:44 Disappearing borders: physics as a methods supplier * 00:31:10 Hebbian learning—how brains write with electricity * 00:43:31 “One hundred white swans” & the crisis of explanation * 00:58:07 General relativity: when elegance meets evidence 【我们是谁 The Who】 选修课 Universus 是一档分享和探讨泛文化话题的中文播客，脱胎于2013年创办的纽约文化沙龙。 我们力求引发对学科方法和视角的认知和思考，而不仅仅是知识的传递。我们在组织活动的过程中积累了一些经验和人脉，尝试打造成年人的博雅教育，并在播客中拓展这样的探索。我们希望审视和反抗无意识的价值规训与随波逐流。我们希望冷酷地剖析自己的偏见，热忱地拥抱多元视角。我们希望去工具化，真诚地感知、理解、创造自己的生活和复杂的世界。我们追随原初的好奇而非代餐式的猎奇。话题可以轻松，方法力求严肃。在《选修课》里，我们互相映照，唤醒失落的维度。 主播： * 老赵：理论物理学博士，软件工程师，纽约文化沙龙组织者。 选修课 Universus is a Chinese-language podcast created by the same people who founded the New York Chinese Cultural Salon (纽约文化沙龙）in 2013. The past decade of organizing events and talks put us in a position of creating a sort of liberal arts education experience for those who have left school. We strive to go beyond merely transmitting knowledge to reflecting on complex topics using cross-disciplinary perspectives. We strive to resist conformity, to dissect our own biases, and to embrace diverse schools of thought. Our goal is to help professionals resist becoming just a tool of production, and to understand the world around us in earnest. We let our genuine curiosity be our guide. With a light-hearted tone, we approach each topic seriously. We hope that “选修课 Universus” creates a space to explore lost dimensions. Hosted by: * Lao Zhao: PhD in Theoretical Physics, software engineer, and organizer of the New York Cultural Salon. 【买咖啡 Please Support Us】 如果喜欢这期节目并愿意想要给我们买杯咖啡： * 打赏平台：www.patreon.com/universuspod * 商务合作邮箱：[email protected] If you like our show and want to support us, please consider the following: * 打赏平台: www.patreon.com/universuspod * Business Inquiries Email: [email protected]

【聊了什么】 纽约，这座全球知名的大都会，拥有雄厚的财政，却始终背负着一套老旧而脆弱的地铁系统，这似乎是个令人费解的悖论。这一期的播客里，美国注册城市规划师罗雨翔带我们深入探讨纽约城市发展背后的政治与经济逻辑。从预算机制到政治利益博弈，从州政府与市政府之间的角力，到公众参与制度的利弊，我们看到基础设施问题不仅仅是技术和资金的问题，更是制度、历史与权力的复杂纠缠。 节目中提出了几个值得我们深思的问题：为什么纽约这样一个财政雄厚的城市，却无法高效地为基础设施投入资金？地铁管理权为何落入了州政府之手，而非市政府？小团体如何在重大公共项目上拥有巨大的影响力？这种模式究竟是公共福祉的保障，还是导致公共建设低效高成本的根本原因？纽约式的“公共与私人之间”的合作模式，究竟是一种创新，还是带有深深的制度隐患？ This episode dives into an intriguing paradox: New York City, a globally renowned metropolis with robust finances, yet burdened by an aging and fragile subway system. American certified urban planner Yuxiang Luo guides us through the intricate political and economic logic underlying the city's infrastructure issues. From budgetary mechanisms and political negotiations between state and city governments to the pros and cons of public participation systems, we realize infrastructure problems are far more than mere technical or financial issues—they're complex entanglements of institutions, history, and power dynamics. Several thought-provoking questions arise during the discussion: Why is New York, despite its significant financial resources, unable to efficiently invest in its infrastructure? Why does subway management lie in the hands of the state rather than the city government? How can small interest groups exert outsized influence over significant public projects? Is this model protecting public welfare, or is it the fundamental cause behind the inefficiency and high costs of public construction? Is the New York model of public-private cooperation genuinely innovative, or does it carry deep institutional flaws? 【推荐阅读】 如果你对这期节目内容感兴趣，请关注主讲人罗雨翔的新书《创造大都会——纽约空间与制度观察》！ 国内各大平台均有销售（淘宝、当当、京东），海外用户请使用这个链接购买。 [书.png] 【时间轴 The When】 * 00:00:40 纽约的地铁为何如此糟糕？基础设施背后的政治经济学 * 00:07:49 从电影《小丑》看纽约地铁问题的历史渊源 * 00:10:34 政府预算里的“两本账”如何影响了城市基建？ * 00:11:28 地铁运营权转移给州政府背后的政治经济学博弈 * 00:19:25 拉瓜迪亚机场为何没有地铁快线？社区利益与公共项目的冲突 * 00:23:54 环境保护法如何导致公共建设效率降低？ * 00:33:18 纽约街道规划如何成就了城市的宜居性？ * 00:37:36 “曼哈顿网格规划”的历史意义与经济逻辑 * 00:47:51 “商业改进区”如何推动纽约街区建设？ * 00:56:44 “公共与私人合作”模式的优势与隐患 * 00:00:40 Why is New York’s subway system so bad? The political economy behind infrastructure * 00:07:49 Tracing the historical roots of NYC’s subway problems through the movie "Joker" * 00:10:34 How do the government’s “two budgets” impact urban infrastructure? * 00:11:28 The political-economic game behind transferring subway management to state government * 00:19:25 Why doesn’t LaGuardia Airport have a direct rail link? Conflicts between community interests and public projects * 00:23:54 How does environmental law reduce efficiency in public construction? * 00:33:18 How did New York’s street planning contribute to the city’s livability? * 00:37:36 Historical significance and economic logic of the Manhattan grid plan * 00:47:51 How do Business Improvement Districts promote neighborhood development in NYC? * 00:56:44 Advantages and pitfalls of the public-private partnership model 【我们是谁 The Who】 选修课 Universus 是一档分享和探讨泛文化话题的中文播客，脱胎于2013年创办的纽约文化沙龙。 我们力求引发对学科方法和视角的认知和思考，而不仅仅是知识的传递。我们在组织活动的过程中积累了一些经验和人脉，尝试打造成年人的博雅教育，并在播客中拓展这样的探索。我们希望审视和反抗无意识的价值规训与随波逐流。我们希望冷酷地剖析自己的偏见，热忱地拥抱多元视角。我们希望去工具化，真诚地感知、理解、创造自己的生活和复杂的世界。我们追随原初的好奇而非代餐式的猎奇。话题可以轻松，方法力求严肃。在《选修课》里，我们互相映照，唤醒失落的维度。 主播： * 老赵：理论物理学博士，软件工程师，纽约文化沙龙组织者。 主讲： * 罗雨翔：美国注册城市规划师，哈佛大学与伦敦政治经济学院建筑与经济双硕士。现居纽约，参与以及主持北美20余地区的地产开发、区域经济政策与公共领域投资项目。 选修课 Universus is a Chinese-language podcast created by the same people who founded the New York Chinese Cultural Salon (纽约文化沙龙）in 2013. The past decade of organizing events and talks put us in a position of creating a sort of liberal arts education experience for those who have left school. We strive to go beyond merely transmitting knowledge to reflecting on complex topics using cross-disciplinary perspectives. We strive to resist conformity, to dissect our own biases, and to embrace diverse schools of thought. Our goal is to help professionals resist becoming just a tool of production, and to understand the world around us in earnest. We let our genuine curiosity be our guide. With a light-hearted tone, we approach each topic seriously. We hope that “选修课 Universus” creates a space to explore lost dimensions. Hosted by: * Lao Zhao: PhD in Theoretical Physics, software engineer, and organizer of the New York Cultural Salon. Guest: * Luo Yuxiang: U.S. Registered Urban Planner, holding dual master's degrees in Architecture and Economics from Harvard University and the London School of Economics. Currently residing in New York, he has participated in and led over 20 real estate development, regional economic policy, and public domain investment projects across North America. 【买咖啡 Please Support Us】 如果喜欢这期节目并愿意想要给我们买杯咖啡： * 打赏平台：www.patreon.com/universuspod * 商务合作邮箱：[email protected] If you like our show and want to support us, please consider the following: * 打赏平台: www.patreon.com/universuspod * Business Inquiries Email: [email protected]