talich 闲侃

蓝调一开始只是一种从 Ragtime 发展而来的商业流行乐。但是为了让蓝调成为黑人艺人为黑人表演的音乐，蓝调开始被定义成黑人民歌。这个定义在被唱片公司接受后，反过来也影响了大众对正宗蓝调的认知。 《talich 闲侃》，有闲得聊，关注美国流行文化史，网址：https://talich.fm 相关链接 ###主要参考文献 African American Song，The Library of Congress Celebrates the Songs of America Dunkel, M. (2015). W. C. Handy, Abbe Niles, and (Auto)biographical Positioning in the Whiteman Era. Popular Music and Society, 38(2), 122–139. Brooks, T. & Spottswood, R. K. (2004). Lost sounds: blacks and the birth of the recording industry, 1890-1919. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. Gussow, A. (2018).W. C. Handy and the “Birth” of the Blues. Southern Cultures, 24(4), 42–68. Scarborough, D. (1923). The ‘Blues’ as Folk‐songs, Texas Folklore Society Publications 2 (1923), 52–66. Handy, W.C. & Niles, A. (1926). Blues: An anthology. Complete Words and Music of 53 great songs. New York: Collier Books. ###相关录音 Jim Jackson's Kansas City Blues - Pt. 1，Jim Jackson 词曲演唱，1927，Vocalion Barrel House Blues，Ed Andrews 词曲/唱奏，1924，Okeh Home on the Range，Daniel E. Kelley 曲，Brewster M. Higley 词，Peter Seeger 演唱，1957，Folkways Laughin' and Cryin' Blues，Allen Brothers 唱奏，1928，Columbia

蓝调诞生的年代，正好也是唱片刚刚成形的年代。唱片中记录的蓝调，很大程度上塑造了我们对当年的蓝调的理解。在 1920 年代，城市蓝调女歌手，也就是蓝调天后，成为了蓝调的代名词。在这期播客里，我们来聊聊这个现像是如何出现的，以及背后推动它成形的商业模式。 《talich 闲侃》，有闲得聊，关注美国流行文化史，网址：https://talich.fm 相关链接 主要参考文献 Abbott, L. & Seroff, D. (2017). The original blues: the emergence of the blues in African American vaudeville. University Press of Mississippi. Ed Komara, “Crazy Blues”—Mamie Smith (1920) Miller, K. H. (2010). Segregating sound: inventing folk and pop music in the age of Jim Crow. Durham: Duke University Press. Krasner, D. (2002). A beautiful pageant: African American theatre, drama, and performance in the Harlem Renaissance, 1910-1927 (1st ed). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Wald, E. (2010). The blues: a very short introduction. New York: Oxford University Press. David Suisman, Co-workers in the Kingdom of Culture: Black Swan Records and the Political Economy of African American Music, Journal of American History, Volume 90, Issue 4, March 2004, Pages 1295–1324 Jitu K. Weusi, The Rise and Fall of Black Swan Records, The Syncopated Times Ward, B., & Huber, P. (2018). A&R Pioneers: Architects of American Roots Music on Record. Vanderbilt University Press. 相关录音 St. Louis Tickle，Theron Catlen Bennett 作曲，Dave Van Ronk 演奏，1920，Victor Livery Stable Blues，Ray Lopez/Alcide Nunez 作曲，Original Dixieland Jazz Band 演奏，1917，Victor St. Louis Tickle，Theron Catlen Bennett 作曲，Plantation Trio 演奏，1920，Victor A To Z Blues，Butterbeans/Ray Arthur 词曲，Butterbeans & Susie 演唱，Clarence Willams 钢琴，1924，Okeh A Married Man's A Fool，Blind Willie McTell 词曲，Ry Cooder 等演奏，1974，Reprise A Married Man's a Fool，Eddie Green/Jadie Edwards 词曲，Blind Willie McTell 唱奏，1956，Prestige Bluesville(1961) A Good Man Is Hard To Find，Eddie Green 词曲，Marion Davis 演唱，1919，Victor A Good Man Is Hard To Find，Eddie Green 词曲，Bessie Smith/Lincoln Conaway/Porter Grainger Porter Grainger 唱奏，1927，Columbia St. Louis Blues，W.C. Handy 词曲，Al Bernard 演唱，Original Dixieland Jazz Band 演奏，1921，Victor That Thing Called Love，Perry Bradford 词曲，Mamie Smith 演唱，1920，Okeh Crazy Blues，Perry Bradford 词曲，Mamie Smith and Her Jazz Hounds 唱奏，1920，OKeh Down Home Blues，Tom Delaney 词曲，Ethel Waters 演唱，Cordy Williams' Jazz Masters 伴奏，1921，Black Swan My Man Rocks Me (With One Steady Roll)，J. Berni Barbour 词曲，Trixie Smith and The Jazz Masters 唱奏，1922，Black Swan Down Hearted Blues，Lovie Austin 作曲, Alberta Hunter 作词，Bessie Smith 演唱，Clarence Willams 钢琴，1923，Columbia A Fiddler's Convention in Georgia, Pt. 2，Clayton McMichen/Gid Tanner/Riley Puckett/Bob Nichols/Fate Norris/Bert Layne 演奏，1927，Columbia Guitar Rag，Sara Martin/Sylvester Weaver 作曲，Sylvester Weaver 演奏，1927，Okeh Barrel House Blues，Ed Andrews 词曲/唱奏，1924，Okeh

如题，聊聊当年的蓝调是怎么出来的。歌手和观众，表演的形式与风格，当然还有商业模式。 《talich 闲侃》，有闲得聊，关注美国流行文化史，网址：https://talich.fm 相关链接 主要参考文献： Abbott, L. & Seroff, D. (2017). The original blues: the emergence of the blues in African American vaudeville. University Press of Mississippi. Ed Komara, “Crazy Blues”—Mamie Smith (1920) Miller, K. H. (2010). Segregating sound: inventing folk and pop music in the age of Jim Crow. Durham: Duke University Press. Birnbaum, L. (2013). Before Elvis: the prehistory of rock 'n' roll. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. Krasner, D. (2002). A beautiful pageant: African American theatre, drama, and performance in the Harlem Renaissance, 1910-1927 (1st ed). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 相关录音： Crazy Blues，Perry Bradford 词曲，Mamie Smith and Her Jazz Hounds 唱奏，1920，OKeh Sunset Medley (A Bunch of Blues & Babes in the Woods)，J. Paul Wyer/H. Alf Kelley 曲，W. G. Haenschen/T. T. Schiffer 演奏，1916，Columbia（未发行） Bluin' the Blues，Henry Ragas 曲，Wilbur Sweatman's Original Jazz Band 演奏，1918，Columbia Sugar Blues，Clarence Williams 曲/自动钢琴，1923，QRS Deep Henderson，Fred Rose 曲，King Oliver and His Dixie Syncopators 演奏，1926，Vocalion Texas Shout，Cow Cow Davenport 曲/演奏，1929，Vocalion Black Snake Moan， Blind Lemon Jefferson 词曲/唱奏，1927，Paramount Too Tight，Blind Blake 词曲/唱奏，1926，Paramount Too Tight Blues No. 2，Blind Blake 词曲/唱奏，1929，Paramount Super Chief，Count Basie/Jimmy Mundy 曲，Count Basie And His Orchestra 演奏，1940，Columbia Ain't That Just Like a Woman(They'll Do It Every Time)，Claude Demetrius/Fleecie Moore 词曲，Louis Jordan and his Tympany Five 演奏，1946，Decca Johnny B Goode，Chuck Berry 词曲，Chuck Berry/Lafayette Leake/Willie Dixon/Fred Below 演奏，1958，Chess I Got the Blues，Antonio Maggio 作曲，Marco Fumo 演奏，2015 Alabama Bound，Robert Hoffman 作曲，John J. Puderer 作词，Lead Belly and The Golden Gate Quartet 演唱，1941，Victor Alabama Bound，Robert Hoffman 作曲，Prince's Orchestra 演奏，1910，Columbia I'm Alabama Bound，Robert Hoffman 作曲，John J. Puderer 作词，Papa Charlie Jackson 唱奏，1925，Paramount Alabama Bound，Jelly Roll Morton 唱奏/Alan Lomax 采访，1938，Circle Records(1947) The Yellow Dog Blues，WC Handy 词曲，Bessie Smith 演唱，Henderson's Hot Six 伴奏，1925，Columbia Memphis Blues，W.C. Handy 曲，James Reese Europe's 369th U.S. Infantry "Hell Fighters" Band 演奏，1919，Pathe Sing 'Em Blues，Baby Franklin Seals 词曲，Charles Anderson 演唱，Eddie Heywood Sr. 钢琴，1923，Okeh Game Kid Blues，Jelly Roll Morton 词曲/唱奏，1938，Circle Records(1948) Jelly-Roll Blues，Jelly Roll Morton 作曲，Jelly Roll Morton & His Red Hot Peppers 演奏，1926，Victor

黑人提升自己音乐地位的努力，终于经过灵歌获得了成功。主要聊聊几位著名的黑人音乐人，James Reese Europe，Will Marion Cook，Henry Burleigh，Nathaniel Dett，Marian Anderson。 《talich 闲侃》，有闲得聊，关注美国流行文化史，网址：https://talich.fm 主要参考文献： Horowitz, J. (2001). Dvořák and Boston. American Music, 19(1), 3-17. Adam Gingery, Dvořák and the American Connection Fenner, Thomas P. (1874) Cabin and plantation songs : as sung by the Hampton students. New York: G.P. Putnam's sons. Fenner, Thomas P; Cleaveland, Bessie; Rathbun, Frederic G; Hampton Institute; De Vincent Collection of American Sheet Music (1901) Cabin and plantation songs as sung by the Hampton students. New York: London, G.P. Putnam's sons. Fenner, Thomas P; Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute (Va.) (1909) Religious folk songs of the Negro as sung on the plantations, Hampton, Va.: Institute Press. Carter, M. G. (2008). Swing along: the musical life of Will Marion Cook. New York: Oxford University Press. Walker, W. T. (1979). "Somebody's calling my name": Black sacred music and social change. Valley Forge, PA: Judson Press. Seroff, D. (2001). “A voice in the wilderness”: The Fisk Jubilee singers’ civil rights tours of 1879–1882. Popular Music and Society, 25(1-2), 131–177. Graham, S. (2006). On the Road to Freedom: The Contracts of the Fisk Jubilee Singers. American Music, 24(1), 1. Carter, M. G. (2008). Swing along: the musical life of Will Marion Cook. New York: Oxford University Press. Walton, L. A., White, L. H., K., A. W., & White, L. H. (1978). Black-Music Concerts in Carnegie Hall, 1912-1915. The Black Perspective in Music, 6(1), 71. Brooks, T. & Spottswood, R. K. (2004). Lost sounds: blacks and the birth of the recording industry, 1890-1919. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. 相关录音： Symphony No. 9 in E Minor, Op. 95, B.178: 1. Adagio - Allegro molto，Antonin Dvorak 作曲，Istvan Kertesz/London Symphony Orchestra 演奏，1967，Decca Swing Low, Sweet Chariot，Wallace Willis/Minerva Willis 词曲，Fisk University Jubilee Quartet 演唱，1909，Victor Too Much Mustard，Cecil Macklin 作曲，James Europe/Europe’s Society Orchestra 演奏，1913，Victor Too Much Mustard，Cecil Macklin 作曲，Victor Military Band 演奏，1913，Victor Clarinet Marmalade，Larry Shields/Henry Ragas 作曲，Original Dixieland Jass Band 演奏，1918，Victor Clarinet Marmalade，Larry Shields/Henry Ragas 作曲，Lt. Jim Europe's 369th U.S. Inf. (Hell Fighters) Band 演奏，1919，Pathe Swing Along，Will Marion Cook 词曲，Will Marion Cook/Afro-American Folk Song Singers 演唱，1914，Columbia Listen to the Lambs，传统灵歌，Hampton Quartette 演唱，1917，未出版 Listen to the Lambs，R Nathaniel Dett 作曲，William L. Dawson/Tuskegee Institute Choir 演唱，1954，Westminster In the Bottoms: No. 5, Juba Dance，R Nathaniel Dett 作曲，Percy Grainger 演奏，1917，Columbia Deep River，传统灵歌，Harry Burleigh 改编，Marian Anderson/Kosti Vehanen 唱奏，1938，Victor Nobody Knows De Trouble I've Seen，传统灵歌，Harry Burleigh 改编，Oscar Seagle 演唱，1917，Columbia Go Down Moses，传统灵歌，Harry Burleigh 改编/演唱，1919，Broome Marian Anderson Sings at the Lincoln Memorial, April 9, 1939，Marian Anderson/Kosti Vehanen 唱奏，1939，Hearst Metrotone News Negro Folk Symphony - I. The Bond of Africa, William L Dawson 作曲，Yannick Nézet-Séguin/Philadelphia Orchestra, 2023, Deutsche Grammophon On patrol in no man's land，James Reese Europe/Nobel Sissle/Eubie Blake 词曲，Lt. Jim Europe's 369th U.S. Inf. (Hell Fighters) Band 演奏，1919，Pathe Jean，Frank Lebby Stanton 词/Henry Burleigh 曲，Nellie Melba/Landon Ronald 唱奏，1910，未出版 In the Bottoms - Barcarolle，R Nathaniel Dett 作曲/演奏，1919，Broome Listen to the Lambs，R Nathaniel Dett 作曲，Nathaniel Dett Chorale 演唱，2002，Marquis Classics