道可道 This is The Way - 节目列表

Ep10 孟子:君子远庖厨?

Ep10 孟子:君子远庖厨?

道可道 This is The Way

我们如何成为善良的人,又是如何培养德性?本期我们将围绕孟子的道德修养论,重点探讨「思」和「推」等核心概念。我们将以《孟子·梁惠王上》中著名的「齐宣王见牛」故事为切入点,这也是学界广泛讨论的经典片段。我们很荣幸邀请到当代最具影响力的中国哲学研究者之一、著述等身的 Bryan Van Norden 教授与我们对话。欢迎浏览他的主页bryanvannorden.com.时间轴0:00 Part I – 聊了聊香港的饮食文化4:02 引入今天的嘉宾和主题8:37 Part II -- 孟子的道德修养论8:38 介绍嘉宾 Bryan Van Norden17:42 介绍故事「齐宣王见牛」,《孟子·梁惠王上》*25:43文本第一部分33:37文本第二部分41:28文本第三部分45:11 扩展(推)作为情感重塑的方式 Extension as a way of reshaping emotions52:51 对「反省」与「扩展」的简要说明 Quick accounts of reflection (思) and extension (推)55:31 思」的多重含义与内在意蕴(反思、专注、思念)The many senses and connotationsof si 思 (reflection, concentration, longing)1:00:30 孟子论「权衡」事物 Mencius on "weighing" things1:06:06 国王的仁心是「萌芽」还是「幼苗」?Is the king's capacity for humaneness a seedling or an adolescent plant?1:12:19 孟子的道德教育与一般的伦理课程或其他常见方法有何不同?How Mencian moral education differs from an applied ethics course and other familiar models1:25:39 嘉宾问答*23: 08 后时间轴需前提18 秒, It was about "hegemony."重点讨论段落《孟子·梁惠王上》「齐宣王见牛」齐宣王问曰:「齐桓、晋文之事可得闻乎?」 孟子对曰:「仲尼之徒无道桓、文之事者,是以后世无传焉。臣未之闻也。无以,则王乎?」 曰:「德何如,则可以王矣?」 曰:「保民而王,莫之能御也。」 曰:「若寡人者,可以保民乎哉?」 曰:「可。」 曰:「何由知吾可也?」 曰:「臣闻之胡齕曰,王坐于堂上,有牵牛而过堂下者,王见之,曰:『牛何之?』对曰:『将以釁钟。』王曰:『舍之!吾不忍其觳觫,若无罪而就死地。』对曰:『然则废釁钟与?』曰:『何可废也?以羊易之!』不识有诸?」 曰:「有之。」 曰:「是心足以王矣。百姓皆以王为爱也,臣固知王之不忍也。」王曰:「然。诚有百姓者。齐国虽褊小,吾何爱一牛?即不忍其觳觫,若无罪而就死地,故以羊易之也。」 曰:「王无异于百姓之以王为爱也。以小易大,彼恶知之?王若隐其无罪而就死地,则牛羊何择焉?」 王笑曰:「是诚何心哉?我非爱其财。而易之以羊也,宜乎百姓之谓我爱也。」 曰:「无伤也,是乃仁术也,见牛未见羊也。君子之于禽兽也,见其生,不忍见其死;闻其声,不忍食其肉。是以君子远庖厨也。」王说曰:「《诗》云:『他人有心,予忖度之。』夫子之谓也。夫我乃行之,反而求之,不得吾心。夫子言之,于我心有戚戚焉。此心之所以合于王者,何也?」。。。(English version: Mengzi 1A7, Bryan Van Norden’stranslation)目前节目持续更新中,每周一与你见面,欢迎订阅收听!如果你有任何想法或建议,欢迎在评论区留言,或前往 Warp, Weft, andWay 网站参与讨论。其他参考资料BIJAS VegetarianRestaurant 港大一家素食餐厅Congee (粥)Justin Tiwald and Bryan W. Van Norden, Readings in Later Chinese PhilosophyBryan W. Van Norden, Classical Chinese for EveryoneReflection (思);Extension (推);Hegemon (霸);King (王);Virtue (德)Hegemonism (霸权主义)巨无霸 (BigMac, whose Chinese translation uses ba 霸, “hegemon”)David Nivison, The Ways of Confucianism (edited by Bryan Van Norden)Mengzi 7A45 亲亲而仁民,仁民而爱物周敦頤 (the Neo-Confucian who refused to cut his grass)Arthur Waley, The Analects of Confucius (discusses 思)Mark Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry FinnYang Zhu 杨朱Mengzi 3A4 劳心者治人Mengzi 2A2 揠苗助长Mengzi 6A10 鱼和熊掌不可兼得特别鸣谢 The Hong Kong Ethics Lab 的支持和赞助,以及 Warp, Weft and Way 网站对讨论环节的支持。主持人:Richard Kim's websiteJustin Tiwald's website音频剪辑 & 中文 show notes: Lena在小宇宙查看该单集文稿

89分钟
99+
9个月前
Ep9 孟子见孺子将入井:恻隐之心

Ep9 孟子见孺子将入井:恻隐之心

道可道 This is The Way

道德的本质和来源是什么?人类天生就倾向于道德向善吗?孟子认为,人性本有某些道德的「端」(萌芽),这些端点可以经过培养和发展,成长为健全的美德。在本期播客中,我们将探讨孟子关于道德端点的理论,并从哲学和心理学的角度分析这些端存在的依据。孟子「四端」 Moral Sprouts The feeling of compassion [恻隐之心] The feeling of disdain [羞恶之心] The feeling of deference [辞让之心] The feeling of approval and disapproval [是非之心]时间轴0:00 Part I 聊了聊搬家8:47 主题引入18:10 Part II 孟子提出的「四端」18:15 引入「孟子见孺子将入于井」段落19:07 讨论段落 (1)(2)22:57 「义」这一美德是什么? What is this virtue “righteousness”?34:04 讨论段落 (3)36:06 「端」是萌芽状态的,需要被培养和发展 The sprouts are incipient. They need to be developed.38:35 孟子认为,我们内心的道德倾向(或意愿、本能)比我们所意识到的要多 Mencius is demonstrating that we have more moral desires than we realize42:04 「为什么这些道德倾向比其他欲望更为重要?(也就是『我们真正想要的是什么?』)」What makes these moral desires more important than others (“what we really want”)?45:52 人的善就是实现自己的内心愿望吗?Is Mencius suggesting that our good consists in fulfilling our desires?50:23 做人的意义是什么? What is the significance of being human?59:52 道德愿望具有「乍然」发生的特点,有何意义?The significance of the fact that themoral desires are "sudden"1:05:26 情感、认知与智慧 Feelings, cognition, and wisdom1:16:18 「端」作为道德心理的基本要素 The sprouts as moral modules1:24:10 下集我们继续聊孟子:如何培养和提升这些「端」?Preview of the next episode: how do you improve upon the sprouts?重点讨论段落 --《孟子·公孙丑上》恻隐之心孟子曰:「人皆有不忍人之心。先王有不忍人之心,斯有不忍人之政矣。以不忍人之心,行不忍人之政,治天下可运之掌上。」「所以谓人皆有不忍人之心者,今人乍见孺子将入于井,皆有怵惕恻隐之心。非所以内交于孺子之父母也,非所以要誉于乡党朋友也,非恶其声而然也。由是观之,无恻隐之心,非人也;无羞恶之心,非人也;无辞让之心,非人也;无是非之心,非人也。」「恻隐之心,仁之端也;羞恶之心,义之端也;辞让之心,礼之端也;是非之心,智之端也。人之有是四端也,犹其有四体也。有是四端而自谓不能者,自贼者也;谓其君不能者,贼其君者也。凡有四端于我者,知皆扩而充之矣,若火之始然,泉之始达。苟能充之,足以保四海;苟不充之,不足以事父母。」(English version: Mengzi 2A6, slightly modified from Bryan Van Norden’s translation)目前节目持续更新中,每周一与你见面,欢迎订阅收听!如果你有任何想法或建议,欢迎在评论区留言,或前往 Warp, Weft, and Way 网站参与讨论。其他参考资料Hallgeir Sjåstad and Roy F. Baumeister, “The Future and the Will: Planning requires self-control, and ego depletion leads toplanning aversion” (influential article on “decision fatigue”)子思 (perhaps Mencius’s teacher)Inglorious Basterds (《无耻混蛋》,昆汀·塔伦蒂诺,2009)Philippa Foot (一位我们最近经常提及的哲学家)Eirik Lang Harris, “The Nature of the Virtues in Light of the Early Confucian Tradition” (response to Foot on behalf of Confucian virtue theory)Philip J. Ivanhoe, “Confucian Self Cultivation and Mengzi’s Notion of Extension” (chapter 8 of this book)Franklin Perkins, Doing What You Really WantYong HUANG, Why Be Moral?Mencius 6A6 on 「性善」Daniel Kahneman, Thinking Fast and Slow (source of the phrases “system 1” and “system 2” to refer to different kinds of thinking)Richard Kim, Confucianism and the Philosophy of Well-BeingMartha Nussbaum, Upheavals of ThoughtOwen Flanagan, The Geography of Morals (see chapters 3-5 on the moral sprouts and moral modules)Jonathan Haidt, Moral FoundationsTheory特别鸣谢 The Hong Kong Ethics Lab 的支持和赞助,以及 Warp, Weft and Way 网站对讨论环节的支持。主持人:Richard Kim's websiteJustin Tiwald's website音频剪辑 & 中文 show notes: Lena在小宇宙查看该单集文稿

86分钟
99+
9个月前
Ep8 儒家:己所不欲,勿施于人

Ep8 儒家:己所不欲,勿施于人

道可道 This is The Way

在很多文化和宗教传统中,都有类似于「己所不欲,勿施于人」的道德准则,西方常把这种原则称为「黄金法则(the Golden Rule)」。本期播客,我们会结合两段《论语》原文,解读这句话在儒家伦理中的地位:它在现实生活中的实际用法它和自我中心倾向的关系普通人和圣人面对这条原则时,是否有不同的做法?时间轴0:00 Part I -- 引言15:08 今日主题25:25 Part II -- 同理心与 「己所不欲,勿施于人 」Empathy and the Golden Rule25:26  同理心:换位思考 + 关怀 "Empathy": perspective-taking+ care29:10 介绍论语里有关「己所不欲,勿施于人 」的两个段落31:31 《论语·颜渊》「己所不欲,勿施于人」34:46 《论语·雍也》 「己欲立而立人,己欲达而达人」(对圣人)39:46 这条原则真的需要换位思考吗? Does the Golden Rule really require perspective-taking?42:31 这条原则是否旨在为我们提供具体的行为规范?Is the Golden Rule supposed to provide us with specific rules of behavior?45:28 这条原则在多大程度上理想化了欲望主体的愿望? How much idealization of the desirer does the Golden Rule presuppose?54:00 同理心如何让我们与自身的欲望和情感保持距离 How empathy distances us from our own desires and emotions1:00:12 有意努力的同理心 vs. 自发的同理心 Deliberate and effortful empathy vs. automatic empathy1:03:18 自发同理心 vs. 基于义务的同理心(「命令式」同理心) Automatic empathy vs. empathy done out of a sense of duty ("imperative")1:04:38 后世对儒家经典的「细读」如何引发对不同类型同理心的细致分析? How later "close readings" of Confucian classics gave rise to these fine-grained analyses of different types of empathy1:09:39 在某些情况下,基于义务的行动是否更好或更有品德? Are there cases in which it is better or more virtuous to act out of a sense of duty?1:12:24 以自我为中心的同理心 vs. 以他人为中心的同理心 Self-focused vs. other-focused empathy1:19:41朱熹为何认为以他人为中心的同理心更有道德? Why Zhu Xi thinks other-focused empathy is more virtuous (some arguments)1:33:22 戴震为何将完全有德的同理心界定为以自我为中心? Why Dai Zhen characterized fully virtuous empathy as self-focused重点讨论段落子贡问曰:「有一言而可以终身行之者乎?」子曰:「其恕乎!己所不欲,勿施于人。」(English version: Analects 15.24, Edward Slingerland’s translation)子贡曰:「如有博施于民而能济众,何如?可谓仁乎?」子曰:「何事于仁,必也圣乎!尧舜其犹病诸!夫仁者,己欲立而立人,己欲达而达人。能近取譬,可谓仁之方也已。」(English version: Analects 6.30, Edward Slingerland’s translation, slightly modified)目前节目持续更新中,每周一与你见面,欢迎订阅收听!如果你有任何想法或建议,欢迎在评论区留言,或前往 Warp, Weft, and Way 网站参与讨论。其他参考资料Zina Hitz, Lost in  Thought 安全感Charles Mingus (爵士音乐人)Dai Zhen 戴震 (later Confucian philosopher, for whom empathy is a central value and notion)The Hong Kong Ethics Lab (our sponsor)Analects 4.15 「夫子之道,忠恕而已矣。」Martha Nussbaum, Upheavals of Thought (on compassion, empathy, and the example of the sadist’s “empathy”)David Nivison, “Golden Rule Arguments in Chinese Philosophy,” in The Ways of ConfucianismBryan Van Norden, “Unweaving the ‘One Thread’ of Analects 4:15”Lao Siguang 劳思光,新编中国哲学史 vol. 3 (gives the “eating spicy foods” example in applying the Golden Rule)朱熹,  四书或问Edith Stein, On the Problem of EmpathyDavid Foster Wallace, “This is Water”Einfühlung (German word that is sometimes said to be the first to refer to modern “empathy”)Analects 5.12 「我不欲人之加诸我也,吾亦欲无加诸人。」Mengzi 7A4The Cheng brothers (Cheng Hao 程颢 and Cheng Yi 程颐)Ezra Stotland, “Exploratory Investigations in Empathy” (coined the phrases “imagine-self empathy” and “imagine-other empathy”)Two of Justin’s articles on Neo-Confucian distinctions between types of empathy:• “Zhu Xi on Self-Focused vs. Other-Focused Empathy”• “Sympathyand Perspective-Taking in Confucian Ethics”Yang Shi 杨时 (the Neo-Confucian who over-emphasizes mystical oneness)Justin Tiwald, “Dai Zhen on Sympathetic Concern”特别鸣谢 The Hong Kong Ethics Lab 的支持和赞助,以及 Warp, Weft and Way 网站对讨论环节的支持。主持人:Richard Kim's websiteJustin Tiwald's website音频剪辑 & 中文 show notes: Lena在小宇宙查看该单集文稿

98分钟
99+
9个月前
Ep7 庄子:庖丁解牛

Ep7 庄子:庖丁解牛

道可道 This is The Way

某些寓言和神话蕴含着深刻的哲学洞见。在西方,柏拉图的《洞穴寓言》以其对知识追求以及幻象与现实区分的精彩展现,在哲学史上占据着关键地位。在东亚,庄子的「庖丁解牛」故事,二千多年来一直作为道家「道」之观念的令人难忘且惊人的阐释之一。本期节目我们非常荣幸邀请到 Karyn Lai 教授,共同探讨《庄子》中的这段精彩篇章在对话过程中,我们讨论了若干问题,包括: 庖丁的技艺「进乎技」究竟意味着什么? 这真的是「无为而为」的例证吗?具体而言,它真的「无为」吗? 当君主说自己从庖丁那里学到了「养生之道」时,作者是在嘲讽君主吗?Lai 教授也是 Peter Adamson 教授的知名播客 《History of Philosophy Without Gaps》 中「中国古代哲学」部分的合著者。也可以在此处了解Lai教授及其诸多著作的更多信息。核心讨论段落 :《庄子· 庖丁解牛》庖丁为文惠君解牛,手之所触,肩之所倚,足之所履,膝之所踦,砉然向然,奏刀霍然,莫不中音。合于《桑林》之舞,乃中《经首》之会。文惠君曰:「嘻!善哉!技盖至此乎?」庖丁释刀对曰:「臣之所好者道也,进乎技矣。始臣之解牛之时,所见无非牛者。三年之后,未尝见全牛也。方今之时,臣以神遇,而不以目视,官知止而神欲行。依乎天理,批大隙,导大窾,因其固然。技经肯綮之未尝,而况大骨乎!良庖岁更刀,割也;族庖月更刀,折也。今臣之刀十九年矣,所解数千牛矣,而刀刃若新发于硎。彼节者有间,而刀刃者无厚,以无厚入有间,恢恢乎其于游刃必有余地矣,是以十九年而刀刃若新发于硎。虽然,每至于族,吾见其难为,怵然为戒,视为止,行为迟。动刀甚微,霍然已解,如土委地。提刀而立,为之四顾,为之踌躇满志,善刀而藏之。」文惠君曰:「善哉!吾闻庖丁之言,得养生焉。」(English version: Zhuangzi, ch. 3, PaulKjellberg’s translation)目前节目持续更新中,每周一与你见面,欢迎订阅收听!如果你有任何想法或建议,欢迎在评论区留言,或前往 Warp, Weft, andWay 网站参与讨论。时间轴0:00 Part I – 导言12:26 介绍嘉宾和主题16:43 Part II --《庄子· 庖丁解牛》16:44 介绍嘉宾 Karyn Lai18:35 Justin 预告庖丁解牛篇21:18 Justin 朗读原文25:14 Section 1: 庖丁「舞」牛33:30 Section 2: 庖丁讲述其技艺 「进乎技」56:01 Section 3: 庖丁如何应对困难1:06:57 Section 4: 君主的收获 「养生」1:26:55 嘉宾问答目前节目持续更新中,每周一与你见面,欢迎订阅收听!如果你有任何想法或建议,欢迎在评论区留言,或前往 Warp, Weft, and Way 网站参与讨论。其他参考资料Karyn Lai, “Freedom and agency inthe Zhuangzi: navigating life’sconstraints“The Liezi (列子)Nonaction(无为, sometimes translated as “effortless action”)“Technique”(技, “skill”)“Goes beyond technique” (进乎技)Guo Xiang 郭象 (traditional commentator on the Zhuangzi, 252-312 CE)The Woodcarver Qingpassage (Zhuangzi, ch. 19)The cicada-catcherstory (Zhuangzi, ch. 19)“Skill”(巧)“Spirit,” “spiritual” (神)“Heavenly patterns” (天理)Iris Murdoch, The Sovereignty of theGood (where she discusses the loving gaze, worth comparing with the notion of “seeing with spirit”)The wheelwright passage (Zhuangzi, ch. 13)Knowing-that andknowing-how“Caring for life” (养生)The swimmer passage (Zhuangzi, ch. 19)特别鸣谢 The Hong Kong Ethics Lab 的支持和赞助,以及 Warp, Weft and Way 网站对讨论环节的支持。主持人:Richard Kim's websiteJustin Tiwald's website音频剪辑 & 中文 show notes: Lena在小宇宙查看该单集文稿

94分钟
99+
10个月前
Ep6 偏私与正义

Ep6 偏私与正义

道可道 This is The Way

在本期节目中,我们邀请到罗格斯大学(RutgersUniversity)宗教与哲学系教授、罗格斯中国研究中心主任蒋韬教授(Tao Jiang),共同探讨他的新书。尽管这本书长达516页,内容包罗万象,但本期节目将聚焦于两个核心议题:(1)「兼爱」与「亲亲」之间的张力,即无私的正义与偏私的人伦之间的冲突;(2)庄子思想中的「逍遥」与自由。我们每个人都身处错综复杂的人际网络之中,对亲人、朋友自然怀有深厚的情感与责任。然而,「公义」有时又要求我们以平等的态度对待每一个陌生人。当「偏爱」与「兼爱」的价值诉求发生冲突时,我们该如何抉择?蒋韬教授的新书《早期中国道德—政治哲学的起源》(Originsof Moral-Political Philosophy in Early China, Oxford University Press, 2021)系统梳理了「仁」、「义」、「自由」等中国哲学核心范畴。本期节目,我们将从中国哲学的视角,思考这些重要问题。欢迎收听!重点讨论段落叶公语孔子曰:「吾党有直躬者,其父攘羊,而子证之。」孔子曰:「吾党之直者异于是。父为子隐,子为父隐,直在其中矣。」(English version: Analects 13.18,modified from Edward Slingerland’s translation)目前节目持续更新中,每周一与你见面,欢迎订阅收听!如果你有任何想法或建议,欢迎在评论区留言,或前往 Warp, Weft, andWay 网站参与讨论。时间轴0:00 Part I —导言8:35 今日嘉宾与主题简介14:49 Part II — 蒋韬谈偏私美德与无私正义 Tao JIANG on Partialistic Virtue and Impartial Justice14:50 嘉宾介绍:蒋韬17:08 新书内容梗概20:37 《论语》中「偏私」与「无私」的张力 Tensions between partialism and impartialism in the Analects33:30 儒家的「己所不欲,勿施于人」是偏私还是无私? Is the Confucian Golden Rule partialist or impartialist?48:15 《庄子》中的个人自由 Personal freedom in the Zhuangzi55:28 为什么「自由」没有从个人价值转变为制度价值? Why freedom didn’t make the transition from being a personal value to an institutional value1:04:00 《庄子》是否更重视「自然」与「真诚」而非个人自由? Is it possible that Zhuangzi valued spontaneity and authenticity rather than personal freedom?1:11:50 在《庄子》中,自由的价值何在? In the Zhuangzi, what makes freedom valuable?1:15:38 嘉宾问答1:24:29 下期预告:Karyn Lai 教授谈 《庄子·庖丁解牛》其他参考資料Tao JIANG, Origins of Moral-political Philosophy in Early China Mohism (the school of thought associated with “impartial care”) Analects 13.18 (Upright Gong) Guan Zhong 管仲 (c.720-645 BCE) Analects 14.16 Analects 15.24 (Confucius’s Golden Rule) Shu 恕 The Golden Rule, empathy, reciprocity, the principle of reversibility Great Learning 12 (the more role-specific or partialistic formulations of the Golden Rule) Legalism (法家)Wm. Theodore de Bary, The Trouble with Confucianism (see also de Bary’s The Liberal Tradition in China) Huang Zongxi 黄宗羲 (1610-1695) Ziran 自然 (spontaneity, being natural) Zhen 真 (authenticity) You 游 (wandering, roaming) Fangwai 方外 (outside the life-world) Fangnei 方內 (inside the life-world) Zhuangzi, chapter 3, the Cook Ding (“Butcher”) passage Xiang 相 (mutual, mutually; as in xiang wang 相忘 “mutual forgetting”) Laozi 老子 (also known as the Daodejing 道德经)特别鸣谢 The Hong Kong Ethics Lab 的支持和赞助,以及 Warp, Weft and Way 网站对讨论环节的支持。主持人:Richard Kim's websiteJustin Tiwald's website音频剪辑 & 中文 show notes: Lena在小宇宙查看该单集文稿

85分钟
99+
10个月前
Ep5 儒家:修身与孔子自述

Ep5 儒家:修身与孔子自述

道可道 This is The Way

在本期播客中,我们讨论了《论语·为政篇》里孔子自述人生阶段的名句:「吾十有五而志于学……」。这段广为流传的文字,展现了儒家关于人生成长与道德修养的深刻思考。本期节目将和你一起思考: 孔子所谓的「无惑」与「知天命」 到底意味着什么? 「从心所欲不逾矩」 真的可能实现吗?我们结合历代注家的不同解读,进一步探讨了 「尽心」(wholeheartedness) 这一儒家核心理念的丰富内涵。目前节目持续更新中,每周一与你见面,欢迎订阅收听!如果你有任何想法或建议,欢迎在评论区留言,或前往 Warp, Weft, and Way 网站参与讨论。时间轴0:00 Part I — 引言6:03 今日话题及文段导入10:25 Part II — 修身与孔子的自述10:26 Richard 为孔子的精神自传做铺垫12:26 Justin 朗读并解析孔子自述,将其分为三个阶段17:48「吾十有五而志于学」——「学」与礼的关系25:38「三十而立」27:29「四十而不惑」以及孟子与荀子关于道德修养的讨论50:25「五十而知天命」1:00:57「六十而耳顺」1:06:43「七十而从心所欲,不逾矩」1:10:57  孔子为何强调「从『心』所欲」, 而非口、眼等欲望?这有何深意? Is it significant that Confucius singles out the desires of the heart or heart-mind (as opposed to desires of the mouth, eyes, etc.)?1:14:40  体会:对「知行成就」不同层次与类型的思考 One takeaway from the passage a whole: interest indifferent degrees and types of epistemic achievement1:18:49  另一点体会:道德修养为何优先于其他宗教与哲学目标 Another takeaway: the priority of ethical cultivation over other religious and philosophical aims1:27:22  下集预告:早期中国哲学关于「偏私和公平」的讨论 partiality and impartiality in early Chinese philosophy重点讨论段落子曰:「吾十有五而志于学,三十而立,四十而不惑,五十而知天命,六十而耳顺,七十而从心所欲,不逾矩。」(English version: Analects 2.4, modified from Edward Slingerland’s translation)目前节目持续更新中,每周一与你见面,欢迎订阅收听!如果你有任何想法或建议,欢迎在评论区留言,或前往 Warp, Weft, andWay 网站参与讨论。其他参考资料Analects 2.4Philip J. Ivanhoe, Confucian Moral Self-Cultivation (where he writes that for Xunzi, the practice of the Way “runs far ahead of one’s understanding of it,” p. 96) Analects 1.15 (grinding and polishing) Analects 8.9 (the ordinary people can be made to follow it but not to understand it) Analects 2.15 (thinking without learning…learning without thinking…) Analects 9.30 (learning to apply some ritual or rule with appropriate “discretion” indicates a very high level of epistemic achievement) Dasan 茶山(1762–1836) (a.k.a. Jeong Yak-yong) — his commentary on Analects 2.4 is translated in this book Analects 9.12 (students attend to Confucius as though he were their lord and not just their teacher) ZhuXi 朱熹 (1130-1200)— his commentary on Analects 2.4 is translated in this bookJustin’s article on “getting it oneself” (自得) T’oegye 退溪 (1501–1570) (a.k.a. Yi Hwang 李滉) Analects 14.24 (learning for one’s own sake vs. learning for the sake of impressing others)特别鸣谢 The Hong Kong Ethics Lab 的支持和赞助,以及 Warp, Weft and Way 网站对讨论环节的支持。主持人:Richard Kim's websiteJustin Tiwald's website音频剪辑 & 中文 show notes: Lena在小宇宙查看该单集文稿

87分钟
99+
10个月前
Ep4 道家:游说

Ep4 道家:游说

道可道 This is The Way

本期播客的主题是「游说」,我们选取了《庄子·人间世》中孔子和颜回的对话作为讨论文本。这段文字非常精彩,但相比其他篇章,却很少被关注。其实,对于关心修辞、理由的力量(或其缺失)、论证,以及在说服别人时人与人之间、包括自己和对方内心之间那种微妙互动的人来说,这期播客都很适合你。讨论这段文本的过程本身,也让我们获得了极大的乐趣。时间轴0:00 Part I — 引言 Introduction5:27 今日主题及选段 Preface to today’s topic and passage14:28 Part II — 道家的「游说」 Daoist “persuasion”16:35 Richard为本次对话做铺垫 Richard sets the stage for the dialogue19:09 四种心理类型 The four psychological profiles22:13 类型一:传教士的热忱 missionary zeal33:01 类型二:不对抗的正直 non-confrontational integrity38:14 类型三:安静的内在正直 quiet inner integrity49:54 类型四:无预设立场 no agendas1:05:18  道家的游说者真的有意图去改变对方吗? Does the Daoist persuader even “intend” to convert?1:15:02 那么,给别人讲道理的意义究竟何在? What, then, is the point of giving someone reasons for your view?目前节目持续更新中,每周一与你见面,欢迎订阅收听!如果你有任何想法或建议,欢迎在评论区留言,或前往 Warp, Weft, andWay 网站参与讨论。重点讨论段落颜回见仲尼曰:“魏将乱,回请往仕。”仲尼曰:“子将奚为焉?”曰:“回闻君之少而好用其少者,轻用其国而不知其过,杀人如草不自知也,百姓无所容。回闻夫子曰:‘治国以仁,乱国以智。医门多疾。’回愿以所闻思其可救也。”仲尼曰:“嘻!子之往也,殆哉!夫道不欲杂,杂则多,多则扰,扰则忧,忧而不救。古之治道者,以之于己,未得之于己而后求诸人。今子未得之于己,而欲得之于人者,危哉!且夫德有所耗,而知有所用。德耗于名,知用于争。人用名以相轧也,用知以相伐也。此二者,皆不可以成行也。虽有深德厚信,而未得彼之气。子有不争之名,而未得彼之心。子以仁义矫之,是以益其恶也。彼必将内自强而外自饰矣。子之所处,危矣!且彼好贤而恶不肖,则何用子为?不如无言。夫贵人好自用以强人,欲以其所长易人之所短。若是者,不得无辞。辞多则失信,失信则死矣。虽然,必有说矣!请试言之。”颜回曰:“若正而不谏,直而不肆,静而不争,洁而不伐,可乎?”仲尼曰:“是犹未也。子犹执策而临之也,岂能久乎?夫志不欲其久也,则貌不安。貌不安则人不悦,人不悦则不可以为道矣。”颜回曰:“回将内直而外曲,贞以顺上,可乎?内直以求之天,外曲以求之人,贞以顺上以继古。人之所称小子者,回亦称小子,皆若然,孰能谴之!外曲以求之人也。贞以顺上以继古也。回之所言者,非回之言,古之遗言也。可以无伤而直矣。可乎?”仲尼曰:“是犹未也。子多方而未中也。且夫知用心者,知之所为用心者也。夫知无用之用者,乃为用耳。”颜回曰:“回无以也。敢问何如?”仲尼曰:“斋,吾将语若。若能为无为而无不为也,则几矣。若以容容乎而往,若将往而适也,不知其所止。若游乎江海之上而忘乎江海之存也。若能忘物,物不能忘也。若能忘天,天不能忘也。若能诚能信,则几矣。”颜回曰:“回甚贫,未尝饮酒食肉数月矣,可谓可以已乎?”仲尼曰:“是祭祀之斋,非心斋也。”颜回曰:“敢问心斋?”仲尼曰:“若一志,无听之以耳而听之以心,无听之以心而听之以气。耳止于听,心止于符。气也者,虚而待物者也。唯道集虚。虚者,心斋也。”颜回曰:“回未得志,敢问何谓心斋?”仲尼曰:“用志不分,乃凝于神。人皆知有用之用,而莫知无用之用也。止而不行易,行而不止难。人皆知有用之用,而莫知无用之用也。若使耳目之内与心相交,而外无知也,则鬼神将来舍,而况人乎?是谓反始也,古之得道者,深藏于此矣。”节选自 《庄子·人间世》(English version: Zhuangzi, ch. 4, Paul Kjellberg’s translation)其他参考资料Esther Klein, “Were there ‘Inner Chapters’ in the Warring States?”Analects 14.34Michael Stocker, “The Schizophrenia of ModernEthical Theories”Robert Nozick, PhilosophicalExplanations (“Perhaps philosophers need arguments sopowerful they set up reverberations in the brain: if the person refuses toaccept the conclusion, he dies. How’sthat for a powerful argument”)Daryl Davis, musician who converted over 200Ku Klux Klan members to give up their robes (see also this piece on Davis)Martin Luther King Jr. on agape or unconditional love (brief discussion of Greek,Christian, and Gandhian influences)David Wong, Moral Relativity (seechapter 13, “Moral Relativity and the Problem of Equal Worth”)Jonathan Haidt, The Righteous MindWe used the translation of the Zhuangzi by Paul Kjellberg in Readings in Classical ChinesePhilosophy, 3rd editionOther translations mentioned:• Brook Ziporyn, Zhuangzi: The Complete Writings• Burton Watson, The Complete Works of Zhuangzi• Richard John Lynn, Zhuangzi: A New Translation of the Sayings of Master Zhuang as Interpreted by GuoXiang特别鸣谢 The Hong Kong Ethics Lab 的支持和赞助,以及 Warp, Weft and Way 网站对讨论环节的支持。主持人:Richard Kim's websiteJustin Tiwald's website音频剪辑 & 中文 show notes: Lena在小宇宙查看该单集文稿

96分钟
99+
10个月前
Ep3 宋明理学:一体

Ep3 宋明理学:一体

道可道 This is The Way

在第三期节目中,我们邀请到东亚哲学领域著名学者及翻译家 Philip J. Ivanhoe (艾文荷), 共同探讨 「一体」(Oneness) 这一主题。第一部分,Justin简要介绍了宋明理学及其与「一体」思想的联系。第二部分,我们与 Ivanhoe 教授深入探讨了他的著作《一体:东亚关于美德、幸福与万物相连的观念》(Oneness: East Asian Conceptions of Virtue, Happiness, and How WeAre All Connected)。节目中涉及的主要话题包括: 「一体」的真实性:它既非「严格意义上的真理」,也并非毫无根据、毫无意义的幻觉; 「一体」的益处:它能带来安全感、自发性及形而上的安慰; 「天地万物皆我一体之良知也」的意义:王阳明是对的!欢迎收听本期节目,与我们一同探索东亚哲学中的「一体」。时间轴0:00 Part I: 引言4:40 Justin 对宋明理学的简要综述 Justin’s quick summary of Neo-Confucianism22:59 Part II: 「一体」 Oneness23:00 嘉宾介绍: Philip J. Ivanhoe25:32 撰写关于「一体」这本书的三大动机 Three motivations for the book on oneness33:30 宋明理学形而上学的实用主义替代方案 A pragmatic alternative to Neo-Confucian metaphysics43:36 「一体」的真实性:既非“绝对真理”,也非毫无根据的幻觉 The truth-value of oneness: neither “strictly true,” nor a groundless hallucination52:42 「一体」作为安全感、自发性与形而上慰藉的来源 Oneness as a source of security, spontaneity, and metaphysical comfort1:03:55 关于「一体」或许无法解释真正利他主义的担忧 The worry that the oneness view can’t make sense of genuine altruism1:11:05 生命是否是相互认同感的必要条件?(生物中心主义观点 vs. 王阳明的观点) Whether life is required for a sense of mutual identity(biocentric views vs. Wang Yangming’s view)1:17:59 嘉宾问答环节重点讨论段落乾称父,坤称母。予兹藐焉,乃混然中处。故天地之塞,吾其体;天地之帅,吾其性。民,吾同胞;物,吾与也。大君者,吾父母宗子;其大臣,宗子之家相也。尊高年,所以长其长;慈孤弱,所以幼其幼。圣,其合德;贤,其秀也。凡天下疲癃、残疾、煢独、鳏寡,皆吾兄弟之颠连而无告者也。——节选自张载(1020-1077)《西铭》(English version: Zhang Zai, “The Western Inscription,” translation by Bryan W. Van Norden and Justin Tiwald)目前节目持续更新中,每周一与你见面,欢迎订阅收听!如果你有任何想法或建议,欢迎在评论区留言,或前往 Warp, Weft, and Way 网站参与讨论。其他参考资料Philip J. Ivanhoe, Oneness:East Asian Conceptions of Virtue, Happiness, and How We Are All ConnectedJustin Tiwald and Bryan W. Van Norden, Readings in Later Chinese Philosophy Stephen C. Angle and Justin Tiwald, Neo-Confucianism: APhilosophical IntroductionChanBuddhismZhang ZaiPhilip Kitcher, Preludes to Pragmatism: Toward a Reconstruction of PhilosophyPhilip Kitcher, Life After Faith: The Case for Secular HumanismJohn Dewey, A CommonFaithBertrand RussellJeong Yak-yong (a.k.a.Dasan)St. Thomas AquinasZhu XiWangYangmingOwen Flanagan, “HallucinatingOneness: Is Oneness True or Just a Positive Metaphysical Illusion?“William James, The Will to BelieveAlasdair C. MacIntyre, Dependent Rational AnimalsOwen Flanagan, The Geography of Morals (footnote on p. 316)Martha C. Nussbaum, Anger and ForgivenessPhilip J. Ivanhoe, “Précis of Oneness“Philip J. Ivanhoe, “TheValues of Spontaneity“Joel J. Kupperman, Learning from Asian PhilosophyE.O. Wilson, The Biophilia HypothesisSigmund Freud, The Future of an Illusion (on the differences between errors, illusions, and delusions)Adam Grant on “TheAltruism Debate” (summary of the debate about linkages between empathy and altruism, between C. Daniel Batson and Robert Cialdini)Jamil Zaki, The War for KindnessTheU.S.-China Research Group on Cosmopolitanism (Georgetown University research group mentioned by Ivanhoe in the final segment)Philip J. Ivanhoe and Hwa Yeong Wang, Korean Women Philosophers and the Ideal of a Female Sage: Essential Writings of Im Yungjidang and GangJeongildangThe Chengbrothers (Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, subjects of Ivanhoe’s next major translation project)在回答我们关于“推荐一本必读经典”的问题时,Ivanhoe 表示,所推荐的文本应根据每位读者的具体情况和兴趣而有所不同。之后,他在发给我们的补充邮件中重申了这一观点,但同时也指出,对于许多人来说,《中庸》(The Doctrine of the Mean)依然是非常值得一读的“必读经典”。特别鸣谢 The Hong Kong Ethics Lab 的支持和赞助,以及 Warp, Weft and Way 网站对讨论环节的支持。主持人:Richard Kim's websiteJustin Tiwald's website音频剪辑 & 中文 show notes: Lena在小宇宙查看该单集文稿

86分钟
90
11个月前
Ep2 儒家:羞耻心

Ep2 儒家:羞耻心

道可道 This is The Way

本期节目聚焦「羞耻作为一种道德情感」,深入探讨古典儒家哲学家对羞耻的理解。我们特别邀请到胡婧博士(Dr Jing Iris Hu),她曾发表学术论文「Shame, Vulnerability, and Change」(《羞耻、脆弱与改变》)。我们将围绕以下几个核心问题展开讨论: 儒家思想为何重视羞耻感? 羞耻感能否以及如何独立于社会评价存在? 儒家提出了哪些机制来培养这种独立性 一个真正具备德行的人是否还需要羞耻感?时间轴0:00 Part I — 导言 Introduction16:53 Part II — 儒家对羞耻的看法 Confucians on shame16:54 嘉宾介绍:胡婧 Introducing Jing HU19:52胡婧文章的两个主要观点 The two main claims of Hu’s article22:53儒家如何回应“羞耻否定论“ The Confucian response to “shame rejectionism”27:53儒家是否需要真实的“客观”价值观来支撑他们对羞耻的看法?Whether Confucians need real, “objective” values to underwrite their views about shame34:37为什么羞耻的“亲社会取向”是一件好事 Why shame’s pro-social orientation is a good thing42:51我们是否需要羞耻感,才能与他人建立正确的沟通Whether we need a sense of shame in order to have the right communicative channels with others49:45 德性圆满者还需要羞耻感吗?(亚里士多德 vs. 孔子 vs. 宋子) Would a fully virtuous person need a sense of shame?(Aristotle vs. the Confucians vs. Songzi)1:05:13 嘉宾问答环节Closing questions for our guest1:11:16 下期预告Preview of the next episode重点讨论段落子曰:「道之以政,齐之以刑,民免而无耻;道之以德,齐之以礼,有耻且格。」(English version: Analects 2.3, Edward Slingerland’stranslation)目前节目持续更新中,每周一与你见面,欢迎订阅收听!如果你有任何想法或建议,欢迎在评论区留言,或前往 Warp, Weft, andWay 网站参与讨论。其他参考资料Jing Iris Hu, “Shame, Vulnerability, and Change“The Analects《論語》(Chinese)The Analects (English translations)The Mencius, also knownas the Mengzi (Chinese, English)Analects 5.1Mencius or Mengzi 6A10Martha Nussbaum, Hiding from Humanity: Disgust, Shame, and the LawCheshire Calhoun, “An Apology for Moral Shame“Marta Jimenez, Aristotle on Shame and Learningto Be GoodChristopher C. Raymond, “Shame and Virtue in Aristotle“Bryan W. Van Norden, “The Emotion of Shame and the Virtue of Righteousness in Mencius“The Xunzi (about Xunzi, Chinese text, English translation)Mencius or Mengzi 4B.33Songzi 宋子Lisa Tessman, Burdened VirtuesSee also Bongrae Seok, Moral Psychology of Confucian Shame特别鸣谢 The Hong Kong Ethics Lab 的支持和赞助,以及 Warp, Weft and Way 网站对讨论环节的支持。主持人: Richard Kim's websiteJustin Tiwald's website音频剪辑 & 中文 show notes: Lena在小宇宙查看该单集文稿

72分钟
99+
11个月前
Ep1 道家:逍遥/无执

Ep1 道家:逍遥/无执

道可道 This is The Way

本期节目以「道家的逍遥/无执」为主题,聚焦《庄子》核心篇章「朝三暮四」,详细讨论其独特的逍遥观。Richard 和 Justin 首先介绍了自己以及开设这一播客系列的初衷。他们深入论述了「哲学的双重视角」,为庄子式的逍遥与无执提供了可能。同时,他们也对这种逍遥/无执理论提出了一些疑虑。时间轴:00:00 Part I — 引言 Introduction6:30 Part II — 道家的逍遥/无执 Daoist detachment6:31 关于庄子 Our particular Daoist: Zhuangzi8:30 「朝三暮四」典故 The monkey-trainer passage10:44 哲学的双重视角 Philosophical double-vision25:05 双重视角与价值区分 Double-vision and value distinctions30:30 为什么我们要采纳哲学的双重视角? Why should we adopt philosophical double-vision?40:38 两种视角如何整合(策略模型 vs. 垄断模型 vs. 其他) How the two perspectives can be integrated (strategic model vs. Monopoly model vs. others)53:28 对道家逍遥的质疑:人际关系 An objection to Daoist detachment: personal relationships1:00:22 另一种质疑:无意义感 An other objection: meaninglessness1:11:05 下期主题 Next week’s topic重点讨论段落 「朝三暮四」劳神明为一,而不知其同也,谓之朝三。何谓朝三?曰狙公赋芧,曰:「朝三而莫四。」众狙皆怒。曰:「然则朝四而莫三。」众狙皆悦。名实未亏,而喜怒为用,亦因是也。是以圣人和之以是非,而休乎天钧,是之谓两行。(English version: Zhuangzi, ch. 2, Paul K Kjellberg's translation)目前节目持续更新中,每周一与你见面,欢迎订阅收听!如果你有任何想法或建议,欢迎在评论区留言,或前往 Warp, Weft, and Way 网站参与讨论。其他参考资料The Zhuangzi 《庄子》 (Chinese)The Zhuangzi (English translations)The Daodejing (Chinese, English)Bryan W. Van Norden, Introduction to ClassicalChinese PhilosophyThomas Nagel, The View from NowhereTerrence Malick (director), The Tree of LifePierre Hadot, Philosophy as a Way ofLifeThe Xunzi, ch. 21, section 5 (Xunzi’s brief criticism of Zhuangzi)Confucius’s dialogue with the Duke of She (on the inescapability of human concerns)P. F. Strawson, “Freedom and Resentment“The Huainanzi, ch. 19, section 9 (story about the unpredictable turns of good and bad fortune)The Zhuangzi, ch. 18, section 4 (Zhuangzi talks to a skull about death)The Zhuangzi, ch. 18, section 2 (Zhuangzi “mourns” the death of his spouse)The Zhuangzi, ch. 6, section 7 (ideal mourner Mengsun Cai)Robert Nozick, The Examined Life:Philosophical MeditationsSee also Justin Tiwald, “Well-Being and Daoism” for more on philosophical double-vision in the Zhuangzi特别鸣谢 The Hong Kong Ethics Lab 的支持和赞助,以及 Warp, Weft and Way 网站对讨论环节的支持。主持人: Richard Kim's website Justin Tiwald's website音频剪辑 & 中文 show notes: Lena在小宇宙查看该单集文稿

71分钟
1k+
11个月前

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