生物漫游指南

欢迎来到我们的全新深度故事性节目——《生物故事》！这是一档全新的节目，我们讲述生物科学发现和发展的故事，未来我们关于生命科学的各种故事（中华/世界生科史，造假AB面等等）都会在这一档节目里更新，欢迎感兴趣的朋友们订阅收听！ 本期开门红，恰逢奶树自己以第一作者身份发表了《Science》杂志封面的文章，所以我们就一起来聊聊，属于奶树自己的“生物故事”。我们将目光投向五亿年前的脊椎动物祖先，没有下巴的“活化石”七鳃鳗。从遭遇同行抢发预印本的至暗时刻，到应对审稿人数十个细节追问的灵魂交锋，再到跨越数年历经延毕与痛风后，终于卸下重担的释然与平和，奶树都经历了什么。我们一起听听，那些写不进论文里的焦虑、坚持与灵光乍现，感受真实的科学故事的趣味和魅力。 加听友群可以加小导游：bio_kiwi 时间点： 01:21 新节目《生物故事》正式开播！ 02:40 为什么开新坑？讲硬核前沿故事 04:41 奶树发Science封面文章了！ 09:35 追溯起源：复杂脑结构分区密码 14:21 为什么研究没有下巴的七鳃鳗？ 18:47 课题背景：探索五亿年前脑起源 33:13 演化辟谣：现生动物无高低之分 34:48 什么是单细胞转录组技术 38:10 天有不测风云：课题遭遇同行抢发 47:43 组学数据带来的科研新范式探讨 49:27 大胆想法：重构七鳃鳗3D大脑 51:39 显微镜下的肉眼可见巨型神经元 56:16 寻找小脑结构的起源 01:00:02 跨越五亿年的八个物种比较 01:04:31 走火入魔：看天上的云都像七鳃鳗 01:06:13 核心发现：神经元的兼职与专职 01:10:59 复杂系统同频：冗余与细分演化 01:19:52 又爱又恨的审稿人 01:25:55 演化研究困局与功能推断鸿沟 01:30:37 回首至暗时刻：痛风、抢发与延毕 01:33:23 发顶刊真实感受：更多是卸下重担 本期节目相关的图片： 实验室中的雷氏七鳃鳗： 七鳃鳗3D大脑图谱构建的过程： 那朵很像七鳃鳗大脑的云和七鳃鳗大脑横切面： 文章中的其他图片： 本期片尾曲： 上海彩虹合唱团 - 《想要的一定实现》 （也是奶树个人2022年的年度歌单top1的歌曲，祝大家想要的一定实现） 本期参考文献：

在这期节目我们将从算命的角度，带大家翻开消费级基因检测报告的内容，看看我们刻在DNA序列里的信息到底能算得多准。从探讨能否测算伴侣匹配度（求姻缘求子嗣）、长寿概率与潜在的心血管等疾病风险（求长寿求健康），到揭开见光打喷嚏、讨厌香菜、厌声症等身体小怪癖背后的遗传基础（算命也想不到还能算这些），我们还会追溯尼安德特人等古人类基因在我们身上留下的奇妙烙印。 基因从来不是决定人生的绝对宿命，而是一份帮助我们优化生活方式、理解生命演化的小小指南，让我们一起用生命科学的角度，聊聊这份专属的生命盲盒！ 加听友群可以加小导游：bio_kiwi 时间点： 🧬 从“算命”切入：基因检测能算什么？ 01:15 从生命科学的角度聊聊“基因算命”到底靠谱吗？ 03:01 消费级检测普及，它能用来算生辰八字或测算姻缘吗？ 07:28 消费级基因检测与严肃医疗级检测的本质区别 08:29 基因信息第一档：明确导致罕见单基因遗传病的突变。 09:31 基因信息第二档：通过大数据统计得出的概率性疾病风险。 11:05 基因信息第三档：样本量小、易被新研究推翻的“图一乐”结论。 ❤️ 基因算姻缘与子嗣：配偶、遗传病与身高教育 13:08 求姻缘：著名的T恤实验与基于HLA免疫基因的相亲假说。 18:40 荟萃分析辟谣：基于HLA基因差异来寻找伴侣其实站不住脚。 19:49 HLA基因的真正医疗价值：避免过敏、检查自身免疫病。 25:18 婚姻与出轨基因：从忠贞的草原田鼠与风流的山地田鼠说起。 31:46 夫妻间的基因相似性：身高和受教育程度基因竟高度匹配。 34:50 基因养育效应：父母未遗传给你的那一半基因也会影响教育成就。 38:22 求子嗣：最靠谱的基因检测应用其实是隐性遗传病携带者筛查。 43:33 地域特征遗传病：南方高发的地中海贫血症与疟疾的进化渊源。 ⏳ 基因算健康与长寿：患病风险、生活方式与代谢 48:23 求长寿：搞笑诺贝尔奖揭露长寿村背后的年龄造假与社会因素。 53:46 明星长寿基因FOXO3：让线虫寿命翻倍的经典衰老实验。 01:02:47 APOE基因：与心血管疾病、阿尔茨海默症及长寿的复杂纠葛。 01:11:05 检测的现实意义：提前知晓高血压风险并及时改变生活习惯。 01:13:31 2型糖尿病与TCF7L2基因：生活方式的干预效果远超吃药。 01:17:54 酒精代谢基因：东亚人喝酒容易上脸的生理机制与进化假说。 01:21:47 咖啡因代谢差异：慢代谢人群喝太多咖啡容易导致心悸焦虑。 🗺️ 基因算命理与演化：祖源分析与古人类渗入 01:25:54 算命理：祖源分析是如何测算出南方汉族或北方汉族血统的？ 01:29:43 藏族人适应高海拔的基因，竟来源于已灭绝的丹尼索瓦人。 01:31:56 尼安德特人的基因渗入如何影响现代人的痛觉与新冠重症风险。 01:37:05 东亚人体貌特征：EDAR基因如何同时影响头发、牙齿和汗腺。 01:38:31 挖耳屎的学问：为什么大部分东亚人是干耳屎且较少有狐臭。 💡 “图一乐”的基因冷知识：财运、饮食与怪癖 01:41:21 求财运：用基因来算风险偏好或者人格类型有几分可信度？ 01:47:20 奇特生理反应：见光打喷嚏的ACHOO综合征及远古进化假说。 01:50:56 厌声症探秘：听到吧唧嘴就烦躁？也许真的有部分遗传基础。 01:53:29 香菜厌恶者：为什么部分人闻香菜就像在吃肥皂的化学副产物。 01:54:57 狂吃不胖的“瘦子基因”存在吗？ALK基因控制能量代谢的奥秘。 02:00:51 懒得运动也怪基因？决定久坐不动的大部分基因竟在大脑回路。 🛡️ 测序指南与数据安全 02:06:58 选购避坑建议：不同价位基因产品的差异，及数据库的人群偏差。 02:09:02 基因安全细思极恐：公开的族谱数据如何帮警方抓到连环杀手。 02:11:56 科学看待报告：正确理解患病风险倍数，基因并非人生的全部。 本期提及的相关图片（我们的部分检测结果，供大家参考看看基因检测结果）： 部分提及参考文献： 奶树部分： Walum H, Westberg L, Henningsson S, et al. 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欢迎做客生物漫游指南六一特别企划！这期我们将潜入比奇堡，用生命科学的视角重新看看我们的童年回忆（也不一定就是童年）——《海绵宝宝》。 你好奇过吗？真实的深海海绵不仅会像人类一样“打喷嚏”，居然还能长出倒刺捕食吃肉 ？总被调侃不太聪明的派大星，其实根本找不到常识里的“头”？章鱼哥的单簧管为什么永远吹得那么难听？难道因为是他的脑子太多了？拥有“雨刷器眼睛”的蟹老板到底是哪种螃蟹？屡战屡败的痞老板，又凭什么被视作支撑整个真实海洋生态的最高统治者？ 从脑洞大开的海洋奇物志，到比基尼环礁的核爆往事，再到珊瑚礁白化后逐渐失去声音的生态警示。带上你的好奇心，和我们一起重返比奇堡，探索超乎想象的自然奥秘吧！ 加入听友群请加小导游：bio_kiwi 本期评论区抽奖赠送，海绵宝宝的路人鱼盲盒，这里面甚至有只穿白大褂的： 时间点： 00:27 欢迎来到比奇堡：海绵宝宝的生物多样性 05:38 海绵宝宝之父：从海洋生物老师到动画导演 12:19 绝版漫画《潮间带》与海绵宝宝的原型前身 18:32 真实海绵：没有组织器官的天然自动滤水仪 23:29 海绵的奇妙行为：不靠肌肉也能打喷嚏排污 26:59 吃肉的海绵：深海长满倒刺的竖琴海绵陷阱 30:16 小蜗的原型：用非牛顿流体粘液走路的海蛞蝓 36:29 海蛞蝓：偷吃毒素来武装自己的活体军火库 41:48 抓水母的触电感：加速度五百多万G的刺细胞 46:49 派大星的头在哪？研究发现海星全身都是头 50:35 为什么海星是五个角？竟是因为超级左撇子 53:52 海星的克苏鲁进食：吐出胃袋进行体外消化 56:06 派大星的视力：长在五个角末端的感光眼点 01:00:41 章鱼的奇异身体构造：三颗心脏与蓝色的血液 01:02:17 章鱼的分布式智能：每条腕足都能独立思考 01:04:56 单簧管吹得难听的真相：章鱼其实没有耳朵 01:08:53 瞬间变色的色盲大师：章鱼如何实现完美伪装 01:14:30 蟹老板原型大揭秘：拥有雨刷器眼睛的招潮蟹 01:20:09 统治海洋的痞老板：食物链底端的桡足类动物 01:26:35 痞老板的逃生绝技：瞬间启动的超音速级弹跳 01:28:11 珊迪的海底玻璃屋：现实中的水下常驻实验室 01:33:06 比奇堡的原型往事：经历核试验的比基尼环礁 01:38:54 珊瑚白化危机：失去虫黄藻后崩塌的共生体系 01:42:18 珊瑚礁的声音图景：鼓虾与鱼类组成的交响曲 01:48:21 声学复育：播放健康珊瑚礁声音吸引鱼群回归 提及的相关图片： 海绵宝宝的前身——漫画《潮间带》： 漫画《潮间带》的第一页： 最像海绵宝宝的真实海绵动物： 各种各样的海绵动物： 动画OP里四分五裂的海绵宝宝： 长相特异还会吃肉的竖琴海绵： 腹足类动物的运动方式： 颜色各异的裸鳃类海蛞蝓： 关于海星体轴形成方式的几种假说（C），以及脊椎动物的体轴（B）： 海星体轴基因表达的实验结果： 海星、海胆和海百合只表达头部的基因： 海星把胃吐出来的样子（小宇宙更新后无法传gif图，另外找了张静态图）： 章鱼变色前后（同上，传不了动图，截图给大家看了）： 沙蟹（招潮蟹的一种）与蟹老板： 沙蟹眼睛不同的眉毛数量： 桡足类动物（剑水蚤）与痞老板： 德国进化生物学家Ernst Haeckel笔下的“痞老板”： 海底实验室Aquarius Reef Base： 核实验后比基尼环礁海域的珊瑚： 彩虹虾虎鱼： 鹦嘴鱼： 本期出现BGM： 海绵宝宝片头曲 海绵宝宝片尾曲 海绵宝宝动画剧集片段 给阿妈的电影插曲：来去打工 部分参考资料： 维基百科相关词条 漫画潮间带Intertidal Zone的全文扫描：https://archive.org/details/the-intertidal-zone-stephen-hillenburg/page/n1/mode/2up Kornder N A, Esser Y, Stoupin D, et al. Sponges sneeze mucus to shed particulate waste from their seawater inlet pores[J]. Current Biology, 2022, 32(17): 3855-3861. e3. Wilson H V. On some phenomena of coalescence and regeneration in sponges[J]. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 1907, 23(4): 161-174. Denny M. The role of gastropod pedal mucus in locomotion[J]. Nature, 1980, 285(5761). Fontana A, Gimenez F, Marin A, et al. Transfer of secondary metabolites from the sponges Dysidea fragilis and Pleraplysilla spinifera to the mantle dermal formations (MDFs) of the mudibranch Hypserlodoris webbi[J]. Experientia, 1994, 50(5): 510-516. Derby C D. Escape by inking and secreting: marine molluscs avoid predators through a rich array of chemicals and mechanisms[J]. The Biological Bulletin, 2007, 213(3): 274-289. Nüchter T, Benoit M, Engel U, et al. Nanosecond-scale kinetics of nematocyst discharge[J]. Current Biology, 2006, 16(9): R316-R318. Formery L, Peluso P, Kohnle I, et al. Molecular evidence of anteroposterior patterning in adult echinoderms[J]. Nature, 2023, 623(7987): 555-561. 劳伦斯先生对于比奇堡的来源采访：https://www.nickalive.net/2024/12/longtime-spongebob-squarepants-writer.html Yen J, Lenz P H, Gassie D V, et al. Mechanoreception in marine copepods: electrophysiological studies on the first antennae[J]. Journal of Plankton Research, 1992, 14(4): 495-512. Field C B, Behrenfeld M J, Randerson J T, et al. Primary production of the biosphere: integrating terrestrial and oceanic components[J]. science, 1998, 281(5374): 237-240.

你是不是也经常被人说“一眼看上去班味很重”？每天早起打卡、疯狂通勤、外卖对付，洗把脸镜子里只有一张写满憔悴和黑眼圈的“垮脸”。这期节目，我们从让皮肤又干又粗糙的压力激素皮质醇，再到久坐引发的“死屁股综合征”；从外卖超加工食品对肠道微生物的降维打击，到熬夜如何悄悄修改你的表观遗传年龄……更好玩的是，班味居然不是人类的专利！职场高压、疯狂接客的清洁鱼也会靠机会主义“摸鱼宰客”；而大自然甚至用“懒蚂蚁”的生存智慧告诉我们：为了不集体燃尽，社会必须养闲人！ 既然最完美的解药“辞职”难以实现，那就跟我们一起深呼吸，从细胞和微观能量学的角度，找回那个不被磨损的自己吧！ 加听友群请加小导游：bio_kiwi 本期提到的节目：https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/episode/677c138ecda04ef4c1d842b0 时间点： 01:41 节目开场：从生命科学角度聊聊何为“班味” 03:39 语言学视角：班味进化的三个阶段 05:32 科学定义“累”：从轻度疲劳到全面燃尽 10:06 职业倦怠（Burnout）：它其实是一种职业疾病 13:05 视觉上的班味：为什么熬夜后脸会垮掉？ 17:57 压力与长痘：皮肤其实是内分泌免疫器官 21:23 炎症衰老：面相看起来更老的人死得更早？ 25:53 如何消除班味？多去公园做做“人类丰容” 28:28 被工作反复拨动的“压力激素”皮质醇 35:04 闻得到的班味：汗液如何传递焦虑情绪？ 38:11 办公室里的“人味”：脑雾背后的空气双盲实验 44:12 久坐的代价：你听说过“死屁股综合征”吗？ 49:00 爱运动的沙发土豆：健身房救不了久坐危害 52:46 窒息的通勤：距离越远，越肥越抑郁？ 57:28 外卖的暴击：超加工食品如何破坏肠道？ 01:02:49 熬夜的遗传代价：夜班正加速你的表观年龄 01:06:59 终极科学概念：用“稳态负荷”完美定义班味 01:13:29 跨物种班味：居家摸鱼和自发转岗的工蜂 01:19:09 懒蚂蚁与弹性池：企业为什么必须养闲人？ 01:23:37 裂唇鱼的职场：疯狂接客的服务业与机会主义欺骗 01:28:00 能量学模型：别随遇而安，尽力摆脱班味 节目提及的图片： 每天身体的皮质醇浓度曲线： 裂唇鱼： 片尾曲：感觉身体被掏空 - 上海彩虹合唱团 部分提及参考资料： Mauss, D., Li, J., Schmidt, B., Angerer, P., & Jarczok, M. 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S., … Picard, M. (2023). Cellular allostatic load is linked to increased energy expenditure and accelerated biological aging. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 155, 106322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106322 Fields, C. J., Mallott, E. K., Pearson, J., Burnham, E. L., & Amato, K. R. (2024). Biological, environmental, and psychological stress and the human gut microbiome in healthy adults. Scientific Reports, 14, 27735. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77473-9 Foster, J. A., Rinaman, L., & Cryan, J. F. (2017). Stress & the gut-brain axis: Regulation by the microbiome. Neurobiology of Stress, 7, 124–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynstr.2017.03.001 Pega, F., Náfrádi, B., Momen, N. C., Ujita, Y., Streicher, K. N., Prüss-Üstün, A. M., … Woodruff, T. J. (2021). Global, regional, and national burdens of ischemic heart disease and stroke attributable to exposure to long working hours for 194 countries, 2000–2016: A systematic analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury. Environment International, 154, 106595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106595 WHO. (2021-05-17). Long working hours increasing deaths from heart disease and stroke: WHO, ILO. WHO News. https://www.who.int/news/item/17-05-2021-long-working-hours-increasing-deaths-from-heart-disease-and-stroke-who-ilo Klimas, N. G., Broderick, G., & Fletcher, M. A. (2012). Biomarkers for chronic fatigue. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 26(8), 1202–1210. Adamowicz, J. L., Vélez-Bermúdez, M., & Thomas, E. B. K. (2022). Fatigue severity and avoidance among individuals with chronic disease: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 159, 110951. Thong, M. S. Y., van Noorden, C. J. F., Steindorf, K., & Arndt, V. (2020). 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