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道可道 This is The Way

一档关注中国哲学的播客

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1,722 订阅 33 集 1个月前
播客简介
道可道 (This is The Way: Chinese Philosophy Podcast) 是一档专注于中国哲学的播客节目。两位哲学教授深度解读经典中国哲学文本,与学者对话,深入探讨哲学话题,适合所有对中国哲学感兴趣的听众。 节目目前有存货,每周一中午更新! 中文版可在小宇宙、QQ音乐和内地 Apple Podcasts收听。 英文版 “This is the Way: Chinese Philosophy Podcast” 更新进度更快,在 Spotify, YouTube, Apple Podcasts, Buzzsprout 都可以收听,每三周星期四更新, roughly, lol. 小编正在拼命追赶隔壁的进度条中 ◖⚆ᴥ⚆◗,感谢大家耐心等待和支持!
节目

Ep33 法 vs 儒:胡萝卜、大棒与礼制

道可道 This is The Way

建立社会秩序的最佳途径是什么:是通过人民对严明的法律和对惩罚的恐惧,还是通过礼仪与道德的潜移默化?在本期节目中,我们将讨论儒家思想家荀子与法家思想家韩非子在政治哲学上的分歧。 本期嘉宾是香港大学的Daniel Bell (贝淡宁)教授,他曾任山东大学(青岛)政治与公共管理学院院长。在其近期出本的著作《Why Ancient ChinesePolitical Thought Matters: Four Dialogues on Chinese Past, Present, and Future》中,他虚构了一场当代「荀子」教授与其学生「韩非」之间的辩论,巧妙地重新诠释了荀子与韩非子的观点。 本期对话涵盖了奖惩心理、精英治国、制度设计,以及善治能否与品德分离,乃至儒家思想家是否其实是真正的现实主义者等话题。讨论丰富而生动,欢迎收听! 时间轴 0:00 Part I –你觉得奖惩分明更有效,还是礼仪道德更有效? 11:54 本期主题预告:荀子与韩非子关于「礼治」与「法治」的辩论 15:00 第二部分:法家与儒家治国理政之道的对比 Legalist vs. Confucian methods of governance 15:01 嘉宾介绍:贝淡宁 Daniel A. Bell 19:29 贝淡宁的新书(对话录形式) 24:07 概述儒法两家治国理念的核心差异 Rough sketch of the major differences between Confucian and Legalist methods of governance 37:55 1st passage: 韩非子重「法」轻「礼」 1:02:02 2nd passage: 荀子重「礼」轻「法」 1:16:24 谁赢得了这场辩论? 重点讨论段落 选段一核心观点:我们需要的是良法,而不是好人。 《韩非子·显学》: 夫圣人之治国,不恃人之为吾善也,而用其不得为非也。恃人之为吾善也,境内不什数;用人不得为非,一国可使齐。为治者用众而舍寡,故不务德而务法。 (Quotation inthe Episode: Daniel A. Bell, Why Ancient Chinese Political Thought Matters, chaptertwo, 75; quoting from Joel Sahleen’s translation of the Han Feizi, 357) 选段二核心观点:通过「礼」培养同理心,才是反腐和治本的终极机制。 《荀子·礼论》: 葬礼需要用心修饰遗体,因为「不饰则恶,恶则不悲」 。 (Quotation in the Episode: Daniel A. Bell, Why Ancient Chinese Political Thought Matters, chaptertwo, 105-106; quoting from John Knoblock’s translation of the Xunzi, volume II, 623-25) 目前节目持续更新中,欢迎订阅收听!如果你有任何想法或建议,欢迎在评论区留言,或前往 Warp, Weft, and Way网站参与讨论。 其他参考资料 Daniel A. Bell’s professional page Daniel A. Bell, Why Ancient Chinese Political Thought Matters: Four Dialogues on China’s Past, Present, and Future Xunzi 荀子 (third century BCE) Han Feizi 韓非子 (c. 280-233 BCE) Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794), 意大利刑罚理论家 Martin Hoffman,研究共情机制的心理学家 Legalism (法家,the School of InstitutionalStandards or Rules) Shang Yang 商鞅, a.k.a. Lord Shang 商君 (c. 390-338 BCE), 早期法家哲学家 Peter Singer, 当代道德哲学家 Olivia Milburn, a great translator and scholar of Chineseliterature Tao JIANG, Origins of Moral-political Philosophy in Early China (蒋韬在本书结论中提出,法家可与道家思想结合,为基本自由的制度性保护提供理论依据) hegemon (霸), (荀子探讨过的一种非理想但有时具有正当性的统治者) Philippa Foot, Natural Goodness (p. 32提到了一位信守承诺、不拍摄当地原住民的人类学家) 禮樂, ritual and music The Mencius, alsoknown as the Mengzi (Chinese, English),attributed to Mencius (Mengzi 孟子, 372-289 BCE) Bai Tongdong 白彤东 (他对韩非子与法家提出了更具同情理解的解读) Qin dynasty 秦朝 (221-206BCE), short-lived dynasty that was quite Legalist in character Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇 (259-210BCE), the founder of the Qin dynasty and the first emperor of China Shen Dao 慎到 (c.350-275 BCE), discussed in episode 29 賢 (worthiness, virtuouscharacter) vs. 才 (talent) Elliot Turiel, The Development of Social Knowledge: Morality and Convention (研究表明,幼儿天生就能区分「习俗规则」与「非习俗的道德规则」。Justin wrongly attributedthese studies to Paul Bloom) Peter F. Strawson, “Freedom and Resentment” (discusses the “reactive attitudes”that Richard mentioned) Yuri Pines, 尤锐, a leading scholar of classical Chinese political thought (andtranslator of Legalists texts) 特别鸣谢 The Hong Kong Ethics Lab 的支持和赞助,以及 Warp, Weft and Way 网站对讨论环节的支持。 主持人:Richard Kim's website Justin Tiwald's website 音频剪辑 & 中文 show notes: Lena

94分钟
17
1周前

Ep32 嵇康:音乐本无喜悦或悲伤 (Live)

道可道 This is The Way

当你听到悲伤的音乐并感到悲伤的时候,是因为音乐将将创作者的悲伤「承载」并传递给了你,还是因为,悲伤原本就在你的心中,只是被音乐释放了出来? 本期我们将讨论「竹林七贤」之一嵇康(223–262 CE)的音乐理论。他反对「音乐传递情感」的观点,并对提出了一套更为复杂且多元的解释。嵇康又会如何诠释《庄子》里神秘又迷人的「天籁」呢? 我们邀请到了中国音乐哲学领域的顶尖学者,圣克拉拉大学(Santa Clara University)教授 Meilin Chinn作为嘉宾,与现场的同学、哲学家、及音乐人共同讨论這一話題。 时间轴 0:00 Part I -- Introduction 2:14本期主题:嵇康论音乐中的情感 Ji Kang on theemotional contents of music 6:50 Part II -- Ji Kang on music 6:53 介绍嘉宾 Meilin Chinn 10:14 讨论:音乐究竟是承载了情感内容,还是仅仅激发了听众内心的情感?Does music carry theemotional content, or does it just elicit the emotional content in thelistener? 17:29 First passage: 以人的「爱」与「憎」进行类比论证Argument by analogy to "loving" and"hating" someone 21:23 对该类比的反驳Objections to the analogy 27:51这两种理论如何解释 「知音」这一概念? Howthe two accounts handle the very idea of a "skilled listener" 31:09两种不同的因果关系: 基于内容的因果 vs.纯粹的触发机制 Two different types of causality: content-based vs. mere triggering 36:04Second passage: 地籁、人籁与天籁 The pipes of earth, humankind, and heaven 42:14这一辩论如何与儒道两家关于「教化」的巨大分歧相呼应 Howthe debate dovetails with larger disagreements between Confucians and Daoists about enculturation 46:03现场观众提问🙋 1:08:05 Meilin 目前及未来的研究项目 重点讨论段落 Passage 1: Argument by analogy to “loving”and “hating” 夫喜、怒、哀、乐、哀、憎、惭、惧,凡此八者,生民所以接物传情,区别有属,而不可溢者也。夫味以甘苦为称,今以甲贤而心爱,以乙愚而情憎,则『爱』、『憎』宜属我,而『贤』、『愚』宜属彼也。可以我爱而谓之『爱人』,我憎则谓之『憎人』,所喜则谓之『喜味』,所怒则谓之『怒味』哉?由此言之,则外内殊用,彼我异名。声音自当以善恶为主,则无关于哀乐;哀乐自当以情感而后发,则无系于声音。名实俱去,则尽然可见矣。 (嵆康,《声无哀乐论》“Music Has in It neither Grief nor Joy,” Robert Henricks’s translation,75-76) Passage 2: Zhuangzi onthe piping of heaven 庄子论「天籁」 [子綦曰:]「。。。女聞地籟而未聞天籟夫!」子游曰:「敢問其方。」子綦曰:「夫大塊噫氣,其名為風。是唯无作,作則萬竅怒呺。而獨不聞之翏翏乎?山林之畏佳,大木百圍之竅穴,似鼻,似口,似耳。。。泠風則小和,飄風則大和,厲風濟則眾竅為虛。而獨不見之調調、之diáo diáo乎?」子游曰:「地籟則眾竅是已,人籟則比竹是已。敢問天籟。」子綦曰:「夫吹萬不同,而使其自已也,咸其自取,怒者其誰邪!」 diao:“叼”去掉偏旁“口” (庄子, Chapter Two, “Equalizing Assessments of Things,” translation slightly modified from Brook Ziporyn’s translation, 11-12) 目前节目持续更新中,欢迎订阅收听!如果你有任何想法或建议,欢迎在评论区留言,或前往 Warp, Weft, and Way 网站参与讨论。 其他参考资料 Meilin Chinn,Philosophy Department, Santa Clara University “Music With and Without Images“ “Music in Early Chinese Philosophy“ 嵆康 (223–262 CE) 玄学 (“Profound Learning,” “Mystery Studies”) Kishi Bashi (composerand performer of thisoutstanding piece, among many others; see also this song film) Kimberly Dill, Philosophy Department,Santa Clara University Matthew Izor, Philosophy Department,Santa Clara University “Music Has in It neither Grief nor Joy” (声无哀乐论) 荀子 (3rd century BCE) 乐记 (“The Record of Music,” 儒家经典《礼记Rites》中的篇章) 《孟子·公孙丑上》(2A2)「见其礼而知其政,闻其乐而知其德。」 「唯乐不可以为伪」(a quote from《乐记·乐象》篇) “The Imperial March” (Darth Vader’s thememusic) 伯牙与子期 The legend of Boya and Ziqi, two friends who deeply understood one another through skillful understandingof their music 象 (“signs,”“images,” representations that have determinate content) 庄子 道家中的「无心/无己」 Thetheme of “unselfconsciousness” in Daoism Paul Ekman on “universalemotions“ 孟子四端Mencius on the “four sprouts” (pro-virtuousemotional dispositions) 礼 (rituals,rules of propriety) John Williams (因创作原版《星球大战》系列电影配乐而闻名) 声,“musical sounds” the guqin 古琴, 嵇康演奏并为其著述的传统弦乐器 “Rhapsody on the Qin” (琴赋, 嵇康关于古琴的辞赋) “Light of a Clear Blue Morning,”Waxahatchee’s interpretation, originally by Dolly Parton Shawn Colvin, “Sunny Came Home“ “Barber’s Adagio for Strings” (example mentioned by Kishi Bashi, bestknown as the theme music for Platoon) David Hume’s sentiment-based aesthetics and ethics emotivism and expressivism (twoviews about the foundations of ethical norms or values) 推荐阅读: Hsi K’ang, Philosophy and Argumentation in Early China: The Essaysof Hsi K’ang (Robert Henricks’s complete translationof the writtings of Ji Kang) So Jeong Park, “The Aesthetics of Musical Emotion in Ji Kang’s ‘MusicHas in It neither Grief nor Joy‘” David Chai, “MusicalNaturalism in the Thought of Ji Kang“ David Chai, “Ji Kang’s ‘On Dispelling Self-Interest‘” 特别鸣谢 The Hong Kong Ethics Lab 的支持和赞助,以及 Warp, Weft and Way 网站对讨论环节的支持。 主持人:Richard Kim's website Justin Tiwald's website 音频剪辑 & 中文 show notes: Lena

69分钟
99+
1个月前

Ep31 墨 vs.荀:音乐巨辩

道可道 This is The Way

音乐在资源匮乏的时代是奢侈品,还是人类本性的必要表达?艺术对人类的发展究竟是锦上添花,还是必不可少? * 墨子,基于后果主义对繁复音乐表演进行了批判 * 荀子认为适当引导音乐,能有效调和情绪、凝聚社会 这场争论的背后,隐藏着墨子和传统儒家思想对人类福祉、情感塑造以及艺术作用的深刻分歧。 The Great Music Debate — Mohists vs. Classical Confucians 时间轴 0:00 Part I – 聊了聊各自喜欢的音乐 14:11 今日主题:墨家与儒家关于音乐表演的论辩 15:13 Part II -- 音乐大辩论 15:19 历史背景 23:17 墨家的「平等主义」:认识论上的平等,而非社会结构上的平等Mohist "egalitarianism": egalitarian epistemologies, not egalitariansocial structures 26:56 First passage: 墨家反对大型音乐表演的核心论点 37:19 Second passage: 荀子对音乐的辩护 53:34 Third passage: 享受音乐的内在价值 1:01:37 关于快乐与享乐价值的情境论或整体论Contextualism or holism about the value of pleasure and enjoyment 1:06:38 这场辩论对当今的启示 重点讨论段落 Passage 1: Mozi’s Condemnation of MusicalPerformances 子墨子言曰:「仁之事者,必务求兴天下之利,除天下之害,将以为法乎天下。利人乎,即为;不利人乎,即止。且夫仁者之为天下度也,非为其目之所美,耳之所乐,口之所甘,身体之所安,以此亏夺民衣食之财,仁者弗为也。」。。。 。。。是故子墨子曰:「今天下士君子,请将欲求兴天下之利,除天下之害,当在乐之为物,将不可不禁而止也。」 (Mozi, ch. 32,“A Condemnation of Musical Performances,” Ivanhoe’stranslation) Passage 2: Xunzi’sDefense of Music 夫乐者、乐也,人情之所必不免也。故人不能无乐,乐则必发于声音,形于动静;而人之道,声音动静,性术之变尽是矣。故人不能不乐,乐则不能无形,形而不为道,则不能无乱。先王恶其乱也,故制雅颂之声以道之,使其声足以乐而不流,使其文足以辨而不諰,使其曲直繁省廉肉节奏,足以感动人之善心,使夫邪污之气无由得接焉。是先王立乐之方也,而墨子非之奈何! 故乐在宗庙之中,君臣上下同听之,则莫不和敬;闺门之内,父子兄弟同听之,则莫不和亲;乡里族长之中,长少同听之,则莫不和顺。故乐者审一以定和者也,比物以饰节者也,合奏以成文者也;足以率一道,足以治万变。是先王立乐之术也,而墨子非之奈何! (Xunzi, , chapter 20,“Discourse on Music,” EricHutton’s translation, lines 1-31) Passage 3: Mozi’s “House Analogy”(on the intrinsic value of enjoying music) 子墨子曰问于儒者:「何故为乐?」曰:「乐以为乐也。」子墨子曰:「子未我应也。今我问曰:『何故为室?』曰:『冬避寒焉,夏避暑焉,室以为男女之别也。』则子告我为室之故矣。今我问曰:『何故为乐?』曰:『乐以为乐也。』是犹曰『何故为室』?曰『室以为室也』。」 (Mozi, ch. 48, section 13,“Gong Meng,” slightly modified from W.P.Mei’s translation) 目前节目持续更新中,每周一与你见面,欢迎订阅收听!如果你有任何想法或建议,欢迎在评论区留言,或前往 Warp, Weft, and Way 网站参与讨论。 提及的音乐人与歌曲、电影与媒体: U2, REM, Green Day, Everclear, Live, Taylor Swift, Hootie and the Blowfish, Notorious B.I.G., Blues Traveler, Tupac Shakur TimKasher (of the bands Cursive andTheGood Life) Bright Eyes Saddle Creek Records (music label) Cat Power, “Metal Heart“ Gillian Welch, “WreckingBall“ Screaming Females, “Shake It Off” (cover of a song by Taylor Swift) H.O.T. Drunken Tiger Rachmaninoff,Tchaikovsky,Chopin Sonny Rollins,John Coltrane,Miles Davis John Denver, “Take Me Home, Country Roads“ 《爆裂鼓手》Whiplash (filmabout a drummer striving to emulate Buddy Rich) 《悲惨世界》Victor Hugo’s, LesMisérables (a novel, which was eventually turned into a popularmusical) “We Shall Overcome,” a Christian gospel song closely associated with theU.S.civil rights movement 提及的哲学与概念: 墨家 Mohism 儒家 Confucianism 战国时期 Warring States period Mozi墨子 (c. 470-c. 391 BCE) Xunzi荀子 (3rd century BCE) LiZehou 李泽厚 (1930-2021) 「怀疑的阐释学」 对 「信任的阐释学」 “hermeneuticsof suspicion” vs. “hermeneuticsof faith“ 三表法 — 墨家论证的三个成功标准 Hui-chieh LOY, “Justification and Debate: Thoughts on Moist Moral Epistemology“ 「后果主义」(consequentialism):一种认为正确行为是使人类或其他特定群体利益最大化的观点。 Erica Fox Brindley, Music, Cosmology, and the Politics of Harmony in Early China Yueji 乐记 (“The Record of Music,” 儒家经典《礼记》中的一篇,意为「音乐的记录」) 郑声(Zheng 郑):一种被一些古典思想家谴责为淫靡不正的音乐,与古代郑国相关。 Philip J. Ivanhoe, Confucian Reflections (其第四章对儒家音乐观进行了当代辩护) SunYirang 孙诒让, 清代墨子注释家 「功利主义」(utilitarianism):[1] 可指一种规范伦理学理论;或 [2] 不那么严谨地,指一种认为基本需求或实用性物品远比其他更具「审美」价值的物品重要的态度。 幸灾乐祸 schadenfreude (pleasurefrom enjoying the misfortune of others) Daniel A. Bell, WhyAncient Chinese Political Thought Matters (其第三章对古典音乐辩论进行了21世纪的重述) Peter Singer, “Famine, Affluence, and Morality” (an article that Richard referenced nearthe end of the episode) Episode27 and Episode28 (我们之前关于墨家和儒家对「兼爱」的论证以及墨家后果主义的探讨) 特别鸣谢 The Hong Kong Ethics Lab 的支持和赞助,以及 Warp, Weft andWay 网站对讨论环节的支持。 主持人:Richard Kim's website Justin Tiwald's website 音频剪辑 & 中文 show notes: Lena

73分钟
99+
1个月前

Ep30 朱熹读书法:敬读

道可道 This is The Way

怎样才算好好读书呢?朱熹认为,「敬读」(reverential attention) 是理解哲学及其他重要典籍的关键所在。 何谓「敬读」? 它不仅仅意味着文本细读,更是一种将阅读置于学习、个人修养乃至现代社会纷扰等因素考量下的整体性实践。通过这种方法,朱熹力求使阅读同时具备涤荡心灵的力量和洞察真理的客观性 (transformative &objective)。 然而,这种方法也引出了一个引人深思的难题:我们如何既能使阅读个性化,从而深刻塑造自我,又能有效避免因为自身偏见,歪曲文本的本真面貌? 时间轴 0:00 Part I – 聊了聊哲学对自己生活的影响 15:49 Preface to today's topic 今日主题前言 21:48 Part II -- 第二部分 — 敬读Reading with reverential attention 28:10 First passage: 「敬读」的「内在视角」(一)an "inside view" of reverential attention 32:43 Second passage: 「敬读」的「内在视角」(二) a second "inside view" 40:42 Third passage: 如何「个性化」阅读 "personalize" what youread 50:20 Fourth passage: 警惕主观偏见 guarding against subjective biases 1:03:24 「敬读」如何同时实现阅读的「个性化」与「去个性化」?In what respects does reverential attention both "personalize" and "de-personalize" what weread? 1:09:06 我们的本然心性、所学内容及其「契合方向」 Our natural minds, the contents of what we learn,and the direction-of-fit between the two 重点讨论段落 First and second passage: an“inside view” of reverential attention 「坐如尸,立如齐」,「头容直,目容端,足容重,手容恭,口容止,气容肃」,皆敬之目也。 (The Classified Sayings of MasterZhu 12.109,quoting from the Rites (礼记); English version modified from Daniel Gardner’stranslation, p. 172) 。。。但此事甚易,只如此提醒,莫令昏昧,一二日便可见效,且易而省力。只在念不念之间耳,何难而不为! (The Classified Sayings of MasterZhu 12.79; Englishversion from Daniel Gardner’s translation, p. 170) Third passage: personalizing whatyou read 大抵观书先须熟读,使其言皆若出于吾之口;继以精思,使其意皆若出于吾之心,然后可以有得尔。然熟读精思既晓得后,又须疑不止如此,庶几有进。若以为止如此矣,则终不复有进也。 (The Classified Sayings ofMaster Zhu 10.55; Englishversion from Daniel Gardner’s translation, p. 135) Fourth passage: guarding againstsubjective biases 学者观书,病在只要向前,不肯退步看。愈向前,愈看得不分晓。不若退步,却看得审。大概病在执着,不肯放下。正如听讼:心先有主张乙底意思,便只寻甲底不是;先有主张甲底意思,便只见乙底不是。不若姑置甲乙之说,徐徐观之,方能辨其曲直。横渠云:「濯去旧见,以来新意。」此说甚当。若不濯去旧见,何处得新意来。今学者有二种病,一是主私意,一是旧有先入之说,虽欲摆脱,亦被他自来相寻。 (The Classified Sayings ofMaster Zhu 11.73; Englishversion from Daniel Gardner’stranslation, p. 150) 目前节目保持更新中,某个周一中午与你见面^_^,欢迎订阅收听!如果你有任何想法或建议,欢迎在评论区留言,或前往 Warp, Weft, and Way 网站参与讨论。 其他参考资料 Alex Voorhoeve, Conversations on Ethics (其中包含Richard 提及的 Bernard Williams 的访谈, Williams 在访谈中谈到哲学的两种动机:好奇心和救赎) Alasdair MacIntyre, “Intractable Moral Disagreements“ Zhu Xi 朱熹 (1130-1200 CE) Episode 18: Neo-ConfucianMetaphysics (我們之前一期关于朱熹的节目) jing 敬 (reverential attention, reverence) 南宋 Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279) Thomas Aquinas (circa 1225-1274) Philip J. Ivanhoe, Confucian Moral Self Cultivation (introduces“reverential attention” as a translation and interpretation of jing 敬, p. 49) 礼记, the Rites, the Book of Rites, the Record of Rituals 斯宾诺莎Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) Alasdair MacIntyre 认为传统(大致)是随着时间推移的扩展论辩: see his After Virtue, p. 222 Episode 5: Cultivationand the Autobiography of Confucius (我们的第五期节目,探讨了知识、理解或认知成就的程度) 朱熹将「自得」比作熟悉自家门路Zhu Xi compares “getting it oneself” to knowing one’s way aroundone’s own home Mortimer Adler, How to Read a Book 私意 (自私或以自我为中心的思想、观念或倾向 Jonathan Haidt, The Happiness Hypothesis (用「内在律师」(inner lawyer)一词指代某种认知偏见 切己 (「将所学应用于自身」,「使之与自身相关」,朱熹常强调的阅读方法之一) Plato’s theory of forms 「相论」 天理 (Heavenly Pattern, Heavenly Principle) “direction of fit” 「契合方向」,其描述的是:当一个心理状态或言语行为不符合现实时,是应该改变这个心理状态/言语行为去适应现实,还是应该改变现实去适应这个心理状态/言语行为。 ImmanuelKant on the autonomy of moral action 伊曼努尔·康德(论道德行为的自主性) Richard Feynman, Surely You’re Joking, Mr.Feynman! (Richard 关于混合非常规颜色来制作黄色的趣闻来源) Dai Zhen 戴震 (1724-1777) 关于朱熹「敬」式阅读的延伸阅读 * 朱熹关于阅读与「敬」的译著: Daniel Gardner, Learning to Be a Sage (see especially chapters 4-6) Philip J. Ivanhoe, ed., Zhu Xi: Selected Writings (see especially chapters 1, 2, and 4) * 朱熹与阅读的二次研究: Stephen C. Angle, Sagehood (see especially chapters 8 and 9) and Growing Moral (chapters 6, 8, and 9) Philip J. Ivanhoe, “Literatureand Ethics in the Chinese Confucian Tradition” (chapter 7 in Moral Cultivation, edited by Brad Wilburn) Richard J. Lynn, “Chu Hsi asLiterary Theorist and Critic” (chapter 20 in Chu Hsi andNeo-Confucianism, edited byWing-tsit CHAN) PENG Guoxiang 彭国翔, 《身心修炼:儒家传统的功夫论》(see especially chapter 6) Baldwin Wong, Careful, Patient, andModest Citizens: Facilitating Civic Education through Zhu Xi’s Method of DeepReading * 补充:朱熹读书法 。。。今人观书,先自立了意后方观,尽率古人语言入做自家意思中来。如此,只是推广得自家意思,如何见得古人意思!须得退步者,不要自作意思,只虚此心将古人语言放前面,看他意思倒杀向何处去。如此玩心,方可得古人意,有长进处。且如孟子说诗,要『以意逆志,是为得之』。逆者,等待之谓也。如前途等待一人,未来时且须耐心等待,将来自有来时候。他未来,其心急切,又要进前寻求,却不是『以意逆志』,是以意捉志也。如此,只是牵率古人言语,入做自家意中来,终无进益。」 (The Classified Sayings of Master Zhu 11.30; On-cho Ng’s translation in Zhu Xi: Selected Writings, p. 80) 学问,就自家身己上切要处理会方是,那读书底已是第二义。自家身上道理都具,不曾外面添得来。然圣人教人,须要读这书时,盖为自家虽有这道理,须是经历过,方得。圣人说底,是他曾经历过来。 (The Classified Sayings of Master Zhu 10.3; Daniel Gardner’s translation, p. 128) 特别鸣谢 The Hong Kong Ethics Lab 的支持和赞助,以及 Warp, Weft andWay 网站对讨论环节的支持。 主持人:Richard Kim's website Justin Tiwald's website 音频剪辑 & 中文 show notes: Lena

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