英音听力｜BBC & 经济学人等 - 节目列表

Why Adults Often Behave Like Children Sometimes at moments of particular stress, one adult will turn to another and say: 'Stop behaving like a child.' Or even, 'Act your age.' This isn't merely rude – though might be that too. It seems that in contact with given challenges, we can revert back quite quickly to an earlier stage in our development. We leave behind our adult faculties, the ones associated with reason, logic, calm, strength, and perspective, and slip very quickly into a child-like spectrum marked by panic, rage, despair, terror and appeasement. 在特别紧张的时刻，成年人有时会对另一个成年人说：“别表现得像个孩子。”或者甚至，“成熟一点。”这不仅仅是粗鲁——虽然可能也有点粗鲁。似乎在遇到特定的挑战时，我们会很快回到发展的早期阶段。我们抛弃了与理性、逻辑、冷静、力量和远见相关的成人机能，迅速陷入一个以恐慌、愤怒、绝望、恐惧和安抚为标志的儿童状态。 The specific occasions that shift us from adult to child are an individual guide to our own traumas. The reason why we behave like a child is that traumas selectively arrest emotional development. A part of us is going to remain fixed at whatever age we become traumatised at; so though we may be 28 or 72, we will to all intents – in contact with a certain inflammatory situation – resemble the frightened, bewildered and ashamed 3- or 5-year-olds we once were – though of course we'll be unlikely to notice this. No bell goes off in the mind to signal, 'You're now shifting from being 32 to being 2.' The transition happens in a flash, and it's the work of years of therapy and self-exploration to be able to notice the shift and take measures to soften the damage. 那些让我们从成年人变回孩子的时刻，实际上是我们个人创伤的向导。我们之所以表现得像孩子，是因为创伤会选择性地抑制情感发展。我们的一部分会停留在我们遭受创伤时的年龄；所以尽管我们可能已经28岁或72岁，在碰上某些刺激性情境时，我们实际上会表现得像曾经那个受惊、困惑和羞愧的3岁或5岁的孩子——尽管我们不太可能注意到这一点。脑海中没有铃声响起来提示，“你现在正从32岁变回2岁。”这种转变发生在一瞬间，而要察觉这种转变并采取措施减轻其伤害，需要多年的治疗和自我探索。 To guess at our original traumas, we need only to study triggering situations and then generalize outwards from them. Let's imagine that we get very worked up about a difficulty at passport control with a stern officer or about a dispute with a neighbour who is threatening legal action because a tree we planted is blocking their view. When we erase away the local details, we may be able to see an elemental structure and can then ask ourselves questions accordingly: a powerful man is adopting a bullying manner towards us. Does this remind us of anything in the past? Or: we're suddenly being accused of having done something 'bad' that we had no idea about and the repercussions feel severe. Does this sound in any way familiar? 要推测我们最初的创伤，我们只需要研究触发这些创伤的情境，然后从这些情境向外归纳。让我们想象一下，我们对一位严厉的官员在护照检查遇到困难，或者与一位邻居的纠纷会感到非常激动，因为我们种的一棵树挡住了他们的视线，邻居威胁要采取法律行动。当我们抹去当地的细节时，我们可能会看到一个基本的结构，然后可以相应地问自己问题：一个有权势的人对我们采取了欺凌的态度。这是否让我们想起了过去的什么事情？或者：我们突然被指责做了一些我们根本不知道是“坏事”，而后果感觉很严重。这听起来是否有些熟悉？ Memories tend to emerge. That stern passport officer might map with eerie precision onto an extremely frightening father. Or a legal dispute might in its psychological fundamentals hint at some awful bullying one suffered at school. 记忆往往会浮现出来。那个严厉的护照官员可能与一个极其可怕的父亲以惊异的准确度相吻合。或者，一场法律纠纷在心理上可能暗示了某人在学校遭受的可怕欺凌。 When there is a certain kind of crisis, we should notice how fast we can fall through the floors of adulthood, ten or twenty or forty years/storeys below the present to the child-like basement of the mind. A part of us needs to hold the other steady, see the hole blown in our minds by a triggering event and then ensure that we can step carefully around the gap and take a seat somewhere very safe on the edge of the room, while we wait for reason to repair the damage. 当某种危机来临时，我们应该注意自己能多快地跌穿成年的层层地板，无论是十年、二十年还是四十年，直到跌到心灵深处那个孩童般的地下室。我们内心的一部分需要稳住另一部分，注意到触发事件在我们心灵上炸开的洞，然确保我们能小心翼翼地绕过这个缺口，在房间边缘的某个非常安全的地方坐下，同时等待理智来修复损伤。 We're so afraid of patronising ourselves, we can find it very hard to accept the bewildering way in which, in certain areas, at times, we truly can be slammed back into being a frightened, panicky, perspective-less younger version of ourselves. The floors in our minds may be prone to collapse at moments of stress; but knowing the danger is more than half-way to a solution – and greater and deserved calm. 我们如此害怕以高人一等的态度对待自己，我们会发现很难接受这种令人困惑的方式，在某些领域，有时，我们真的会被猛地撞回到一个恐惧，恐慌，缺乏远见的年轻版的自己。我们头脑中的地板可能在压力时刻容易坍塌；但知道这种危险不仅仅是解决方案的一半——也是更大的和值得的平静。 🌟视频版和pdf见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进入【打卡交流群】

Are we born with resilience? Now, Georgina, how resilient are you? --Resilient? You mean able to cope with difficult situations. I have a pile of work to do today, but I'm remaining calm and not getting stressed. --Well, that's good, you are showing resilience. And today we're discussing whether we're born with resilience or we have to learn it. OK, Rob. But first I expect you're going to ask me a question-bring it on! --OK. Resilience is also a word used in science to describe the characteristic of a substance or object. But what does it mean? a) That it's very tough or hard, b) That it can return to its original shape after being bent, or c) It can turn from a solid into a liquid quickly? --I have a feeling it means b) an object that returns to its original shape after being bent. --OK, I'll let you know if you were correct at the end of the programme. But let's talk more about human resilience. There are many self-help books and motivational speakers all promising us we can learn to be resilient. Well, it is a useful trait to have, and it's something that can help you deal with many difficult situations from coping with the pressures of work to handling the death of a loved one. And it's more than just telling someone to 'toughen up' or 'get a grip', as Dr. David Westley knows. He is Head of Psychology at Middlesex University and talked about levels of resilience on the BBC World Service program, The Why Factor. First of all, there's our social supports, our communities, our families, the people who are important to us, the organizations we work for, so one way we can look at resilience is to measure that-the amount of social support available to us. Another way to think about resilience is to think about how we think about the situations we are in. So, for example, one way to look at that would be just to look at how optimistic people are as a guide to how resilient they might be when times get tough. And then a third level that we can look at for resilience is a biological level-how well we can soothe ourselves, calm ourselves down, how well we can actually regulate our own nervous systems at times of distress. Right, so Dr. Westley describes social supports-the people around us who we can talk to and support us and generally make us feel better. I think he's saying, with more support we'll feel more resilient. It's interesting to note that a resilient person isn't necessarily someone quiet, who doesn't make a fuss and gets on with things. Some experts think it's people who ask for help and use this social support network who are acting in a more resilient way. It's a good point. And another level of resilience is how optimistic someone is. Being optimistic means having positive thoughts about the future and believing things will turn out well. A positive mind means you can deal with situations that, at first, look tough. Another level Dr. Westley mentioned was our biological level-how our bodies cope in times of distress. Distress is the feeling you get when you are worried or upset by something. So, when we're distressed, a resilient person is able to soothe his or her body and regulate his or her nervous system, which helps them stay calm. But, Rob, the big question is, are we born with resilience or can we learn it? Experts speaking on The Why Factor programme tended to think it could be learned. Yes, one of them is Ann Masten, a professor at the University of Minnesota. From her studies, she found it was something that we learn when we need to. Ann Masten talks about how some of the children she studied manifest resilience from the start. When something manifests, it shows clearly and is easy to notice. They remain resilient despite adversity-a difficult time in their life they've had to face. Other children, what she calls the late bloomers, started off less resilient, struggled with adversity, but turned their lives around by becoming more resilient. Maybe we can learn resilience from having a bad experience? Well, one thing Ann went on to say was that families and friends can be a great support and help with resilience. Those that were 'late bloomers' only connected with adults and mentors later in life. Yes, she says that teachers or parents are role models in how to handle adversity. And children are watching; they're learning from the adults around them by seeing how they react when they get challenged by something. Time now to find out how resilient you are when you discover the correct answer to the question I asked earlier. I said that 'resilience' is also a word used in science to describe the characteristic of a substance or object. But what does that mean? Is it a) It is very tough or hard, b) It can return to its original shape after being bent, or c) It can turn from a solid into a liquid quickly? And what did you say, Georgina? --I said it was b) It can return to its original shape after being bent. 🌟 字数限制，完整文本和翻译见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

How architecture makes us feel More than half the world's population are city dwellers, and, by 2050, the United Nations predicts that seven in ten people will be. With that in mind, architects are having to consider how architecture influences our emotional wellbeing in urban settings. 超过一半的世界人口居住在城市中，而根据联合国的预测，到2050年，这个比例将达到七成。考虑到这一点，建筑师们必须思考建筑对我们在城市环境中的情绪健康有何影响。 According to Colin Ellard, a research psychologist at Waterloo University, Canada, there is a lot of evidence which shows "the profound impact that the design of buildings has on how we feel, how we treat one another, and our overall psychological well-being". A study from the University of Heidelberg concluded that people raised in the countryside are less likely to have mental disorders than those raised in the city. The city of Vancouver in Canada, which is surrounded by mountains and ocean, recognises this need to connect with nature. It has included protecting ocean and mountain views in its urban planning guidelines. For example, tall buildings are erected in strategic locations that don't block scenic views for downtown residents. 加拿大滑铁卢大学的研究心理学家科林·埃拉德表示，有大量证据显示“建筑设计对我们的感受、我们如何相互对待以及我们的整体心理健康有着深远的影响”。海德堡大学的一项研究表明，与在城市长大的人相比，在乡村长大的人不太可能患有心理疾病。加拿大的温哥华市被山脉和海洋环绕，认识到了与自然连接的需求。它在城市规划指南中包含了保护海洋和山脉景观的内容。例如，高楼大厦被建造在不会阻挡市中心居民观赏风景的巧妙位置。 The British designer Thomas Heatherwick wants to make architecture less soulless and boring. He told the Guardian newspaper, "We need to fearlessly demand interestingness… and make buildings that nourish our senses." He has written a new book, Humanise, where he lists seven characteristics of a boring building. These include being too flat and straight. He says lack of depth means light and shadow cannot play on surfaces, while straight lines are at odds with nature and make buildings monotonous. 英国设计师托马斯·赫瑟威克希望使建筑不再那么枯燥乏味。他在接受《卫报》采访时表示：“我们需要无畏地追求有趣……并建造能够滋养我们感官的建筑。”他在新书《人性化》中列出了无聊建筑的七个特征，包括过于平坦和笔直。他说，缺乏深度意味着光线和阴影无法在表面上产生变化，而直线与自然相悖，而使建筑显得单调。 However, making buildings interesting is not always easy, as architect Rafael Vinoly found out in 2013 when he created the 37-storey skyscraper known as the Walkie Talkie in London. The building was admired for its curved exterior walls covered in reflective glass. However, it acted like a magnifying glass and reflected light which melted nearby cars and almost set fire to a carpet. A screen had to be added to prevent the building causing further damage. 然而，使建筑变得有趣并不总是那么容易，建筑师拉斐尔·维诺利在2013年设计了37层的摩天大楼——伦敦的“对讲机”大楼时就发现了这一点。这座建筑因其弧形的外墙覆盖着反光玻璃而受到人们欣赏。然而，它像放大镜一样反射光线，熔化了附近的汽车，几乎点燃了地毯。于是不得不添加一个屏幕，以防止建筑造成进一步的损害。 So, for your own wellbeing, surround yourself with buildings that bring you joy, and ideally a view of nature. 因此，为了你自己的健康，请让自己被那些给你带来快乐的建筑所包围，最好还能看到大自然的景色。 词汇表 dweller [ˈdwelə(r)] 居民，居住者 architect [ˈɑː(r)kɪˌtekt] 建筑师；设计师 architecture [ˈɑː(r)kɪˌtektʃə(r)] 建筑物，建筑风格 emotional wellbeing 情绪健康（在情绪上的稳定和健康状态） Waterloo [ˌwɔːtə(r)ˈluː] 滑铁卢（比利时） Heidelberg [ˈhaidlbə:ɡ] 海德堡（德） mental disorders [dɪsˈɔː(r)də(r)]精神障碍，心理障碍 Vancouver [vænˈkuːvə(r)] 温哥华（加拿大） urban planning 城市规划 erect [ɪ'rekt] 建造，建立 strategic location 巧妙的位置 scenic view [ˈsiːnɪk] 优美景观 downtown resident [daʊn'taʊn]市中心的居民 soulless [ˈsəʊlləs] 毫无生趣的，呆板的，乏味的 interestingness 有趣之处，趣味性 nourish our sense [ˈnʌrɪʃ] 滋养我们的感官 lack of depth [depθ] 缺乏深度（指建筑缺乏起伏变化） at odds with [ɒdz] 不一致，有分歧 monotonous [məˈnɒtənəs] 一成不变的，单调乏味的 37-storey skyscraper [ˈstɔːri] [ˈskaɪˌskreɪpə(r)] 37层的摩天大楼 Walkie Talkie [ˌwɔːki ˈtɔːki] 对讲机大楼 curved [kɜː(r)vd] 曲面的，弧形的 exterior wall [ɪkˈstɪəriə(r)] 建筑外墙 reflective glass [rɪ'flektɪv] 反光玻璃 magnifying [ˈmæɡnɪfaɪɪŋ] 放大的 set fire to 点燃；纵火 🌟 pdf见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

The Adventures of Marimo BBC Earth｜Water Worlds｜The Green Planet The frozen water world of Lake Akan in northern Japan. Home to one of the strangest and most primitive of plants. It's an alga, like those that appear so mysteriously in our ponds. 日本北部的阿寒湖是一个冰冻的水世界，一种最奇特最原始的植物的家园。这是一种海藻，就像那些神秘地出现在我们池塘里的海藻一样。 But this one is truly extraordinary. Each spring, the melting ice releases soft, velvety balls of interwoven threads called Marimos. This one is small. No bigger than a walnut. But there are lots of them here. 但这种藻类实在很特别。每年春天，融化的冰释放出柔软、丝绒般的交织线团，被称为球藻。这一个很小，不比核桃大。但这里有很多。 They attract the attention of visiting whooper swans. But there is one way for the Marimo to escape from the danger, and it depends on a change in the weather. Fortunately, in the spring, winds sweep across the lake, creating currents that carry some of the Marimos beyond the reach of hungry swans. It's the start of a remarkable journey. 它们吸引了来访的大天鹅的注意。但球藻有一种逃脱危险的方法，这取决于天气的变化。幸运的是，在春天，风掠过湖面，产生水流，将一些球藻带到饥饿的天鹅触及不到的地方。这是一段非凡旅程的开始。 They are gently carried back and forth by the currents so that the Marimos become more and more spherical. And, slowly, they travel into deeper water. Here, there are great numbers of them, certainly many millions. Some are the size of basketballs. 它们被水流轻轻地来回携带，使得球藻变得越来接近球形。慢慢地，它们游向更深的水域。在这里，有大量的球藻，肯定有数百万之多。有些有篮球那么大。 They're safe from swans, and the water is still shallow enough for some sunlight to reach them. It seems a perfect home. And so it is, almost. The snag is that these waters also carry a fine sediment that can clog the Marimo's surface, cutting off the all-important light. 它们远离了天鹅的威胁，而且水还不够深，足以让一些阳光照射到它们。这似乎是一个完美的家。差不多就是这样。问题是，这些水域还携带着一种细小的沉积物，会堵塞球藻的表面，切断了至关重要的光线。 But the Marimos are not entirely immobile. They dance. The winds blowing over the lake's surface create currents beneath that are sufficiently strong to move the Marimos. They rub against each other. And in just a couple of hours of gentle movement, they're all clean once more. As they spin, every part of their surface gets enough time in the sunlight to keep growing. 但球藻并非完全不动。它们会跳舞。湖面上吹过的风在水下产生足够的水流，足以移动球藻。它们相互摩擦。在几个小时的轻柔运动中，它们就又恢复了洁净。当它们旋转时，它们的每一个表面都有足够的时间在阳光下继续生长。 词汇表 Lake Akan [ˈɑ:ˌkɑ:n] 阿寒湖（位于日本北海道钏路市阿寒町，是阿寒摩周国立公园内的淡水湖泊，以球藻和鳟鱼闻名） primitive ['prɪmətɪv] 原始的，远古的，早期的 alga [ˈælɡə] 藻类，海藻 mysteriously [mɪ'stɪərɪəslɪ] 神秘地，不可思议地 pond [pɒnd] 池塘；水池 melting ice 融冰 velvety ['velvəti] 丝绒般的，柔和的 interwoven threads [ˌɪntə(r)ˈwiːvd] 交织在一起的线 Marimo [məˈriːmoʊ] 球藻，海藻球（一种淡水藻类，是由无数藻丝聚集形成的球形的绿藻） walnut [ˈwɔːlnʌt] 核桃，胡桃 whooper swan [huːpə(r) swɒn] 大天鹅，黄嘴天鹅（一种大型的天鹅，以发出类似呼啸的叫声而闻名） sweep across [swiːp] 掠过，席卷，横扫 current ['kʌrənt] 水流；气流；电流 spherical ['sferɪk(ə)l] 球形的，球状的 shallow [ˈʃæləʊ] 浅的，不深的 snag [snæɡ] 障碍，问题，麻烦 fine sediment [ˈsedɪmənt] 细小的沉积物 clog [klɒɡ] 堵塞，阻塞，妨碍 cut off 切断，中断，隔绝 all-important 极重要的，至关紧要的 immobile [ɪˈməʊbaɪl] 不动的，静止的，不能移动的 sufficiently [sə'fɪʃ(ə)ntlɪ] 足以，充分地 rub against [rʌb] 摩擦 spin [spɪn]（快速地）旋转 🌟 视频版和pdf见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

Making old things last longer So, how are you today, Sam? --Don't ask, Rob! Today's been a nightmare! This morning I ripped my jeans and later my computer stopped working! Then, when I tried taking it to a repair shop, my car wouldn't start! --Oh, no, that's terrible! And the really bad news is that in today's consumer culture, when something breaks we usually throw it away and buy a new one, instead of trying to repair it. In this programme, we'll learn all about repairing broken things by asking what would happen if we stopped junking and got better at fixing. The world generates over two billion tonnes of rubbish every year. So we're visiting companies in Sweden making it easier to mend things when they break instead of replacing them - whether that's clothes, bikes or washing machines. And my quiz question is about one of those companies - Fixi, a repair service that collects broken bikes from your door and brings them back fixed. The company was started by Rafi Mohammad, a student of Industrial Innovation at the University of Stockholm. But what was the inspiration behind Rafi's idea? Was it a) he wanted to impress his girlfriend, b) he was sick of breathing in the city's car fumes, or c) he was late for his lecture because of a flat tyre? --I'll say, a) he wanted to impress his girlfriend. --OK, Sam, we'll find out about Rafi and his love life later on. But whatever the inspiration behind it, Rafi's idea was a success - Fixi took more than six hundred orders in its first six months. Rafi's isn't the only Swedish company helping people fix things instead of buying new. Denim company, Nudie Jeans, was started with a focus on ethics and sustainability. At 150 dollars a pair, Nudie jeans aren't cheap but they do promise free repairs for life, from ripped knees to torn pockets. BBC World Service programme, People Fixing the World, asked students Felix and Fabia Morgen, why they bought the jeans, despite the high price tag. It's just been a given that when your jeans break, you throw them away, so when I heard that you can repair them easily without any cost then it was a bit of a no-brainer for me. I really liked the way they looked, so for me it's worth it to buy more expensive but stuff that I really like. Felix says that throwing out old jeans is a given - something that is just assumed to happen. For him, buying Nudie jeans is a no-brainer - a decision that's very easy to make. And Fabia agrees. She doesn't mind paying more for stuff she really likes. Here, stuff is an informal way to say personal objects and possessions. Even though they're good at recycling, people in wealthy Sweden still buy lots of new stuff and they have a big carbon footprint for a country of just 10 million. But it's interesting that all the innovators behind these companies say that in their grandparents' day, it was normal to repair, fix and mend broken stuff. Jessika Richter is a researcher at Lund University. She thinks repairing is an endangered activity that we used to do more of, both individually and as a society. Here she is talking to BBC World Service's, People Fixing the World programme, about the need to get back in touch with older ways of doing things. It really is a peer effect and a culture that we're trying to foster here - changing a culture of consumption. The more people that are repairing and the more people that are choosing to buy repair services or more repairable products, the more we will see this going mainstream - and it used to be mainstream, so that's what makes me positive too, that it is in some ways a return to what we used to be able as a society to do more of. Stories about Sweden's repair shops spread between friends and Jessika thinks this creates a peer effect - the positive or negative influence friends have on the way you behave. She hopes this will foster, or encourage to grow, a new culture of sustainable consumption. So that fixing broken stuff will be mainstream, or be considered normal, once again. Yes, that's a big part of the problem - repairing was something we all used to do, but seem to have forgotten. Hopefully, we'll all be inspired to start fixing things again, or at least pay someone else to! And speaking of inspiration, what was the answer to your quiz question, Rob? --Ah, yes, I asked about the inspiration behind Rafi Mohammad's company, Fixi. --And I think he started the bike repair service to a) impress his girlfriend. Was I right? --Ah, Sam, that's very romantic, but the correct answer was c) he was late for his lecture because of a flat tyre. --Well, I'm sure if he had a broken heart, he'd be able to mend it. --Indeed. 🌟 字数限制，翻译和pdf见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

The problem of urban artificial light pollution As well as obscuring our view of a naturally dark night sky with that all-too-familiar glow, artificial light can disrupt our sleep and affect our health. It also affects wildlife, disrupting the natural light-dark cycle that insects, birds and other animals are tuned into. 人造光源发出的熟悉的光亮不仅会模糊我们看夜晚漆黑天空的视线，它还会扰乱我们的睡眠，影响我们的健康。这种光亮也会影响野生动物，打乱昆虫、鸟类和其他动物所适应的自然昼夜循环。 To get to the root of the problem, the city of Tucson, Arizona, dimmed its 14,000 streetlights while researchers used a satellite to measure the effect. Capturing an image of the city at 01: 30 every morning revealed that 80% of the urban light that was wasted by being beamed upward into space was from non-streetlight sources, including billboards, signs, floodlights, and facades. 为了找到问题的根源，美国亚利桑那州图森市调暗了1.4万盏路灯，与此同时研究人员使用人造卫星来测量其影响。人造卫星在每天凌晨1点30分拍摄一张该城市的图像，结果发现，80%的城市光因被射向天空而被浪费掉，这些光亮来自非路灯光源，包括大型广告牌、招牌、泛光灯和建筑物立面。 The International Dark Sky Association estimates that unnecessary or inefficient artificial light wastes about three billion US Dollars every year. Turning it off could reduce our energy consumption while most of us are fast asleep. 国际暗天协会估计，不必要或低效的人造光源每年浪费约30亿美元。在我们大多数人熟睡时，关掉这类照明设备可以减少能源消耗。 词汇表 obscure [əbˈskjʊə(r)] 遮掩，使模糊 artificial light 人造光源，人工光 light-dark cycle 昼夜循环，光暗循环 tune into [tjuːn] 适应，习惯于 Tucson, Arizona [ˈtuːsən][ˌærɪˈzoʊnə] （美国）亚利桑那州，图森市 dim [dɪm] 调暗，使变暗 streetlight [ˈstriːtlaɪt] 街灯，路灯 satellite [ˈsætəlaɪt] 人造卫星，卫星 beam [biːm] 发光，照射 billboard [ˈbɪlˌbɔː(r)d] 大型广告牌，告示板 floodlight ['flʌdlaɪt] 泛光灯，探照灯 facade [fəˈsɑːd]（建筑物的）正面，立面 The International Dark Sky Association 国际暗天协会（致力于保护夜间环境和减少光污染的非盈利性组织） energy consumption [kən'sʌmpʃ(ə)n] 能源消耗 🌟pdf和更多英语听力见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

Sky News｜Beirut blasts, police operation, free NHS checks From the Sky News Centre at 7. It's reported that three schools where displaced Palestinians were sheltering in Gaza have been attacked in the past two days, killing more than 20 people. It's as blasts have been heard in southern suburbs of Beirut following an evacuation order by Israel yesterday. U.S. President Joe Biden told a news conference Israel must do more to protect civilians. 据报道，过去两天内，加沙地带三所收容流离失所的巴勒斯坦人的学校遭到袭击，造成20多人死亡。在以色列昨天发出撤离指令后，贝鲁特南部郊区听到了爆炸声。美国总统乔·拜登在新闻发布会上表示，以色列必须采取更多措施保护平民。 The Israelis have every right to respond to the vicious attacks on them, not just from the Iranians, but from everyone from Hezbollah, the Houthis. But the fact is that they have to be very much more careful about dealing with civilian casualties. 以色列有权对来自伊朗、以及真主党和胡塞武装的残酷攻击做出回应，但事实是，他们在处理平民伤亡问题上必须更加小心。 A significant police operation is going to be in place later as events are held to mark the anniversary of the October 7th attacks. Demonstrators are demanding an immediate ceasefire in Gaza and for Britain to stop selling arms to Israel. Ben Jamal is from the Palestine Solidarity Campaign. 今天晚些时候，随着纪念10月7日袭击事件周年纪念活动的举行，将有一个重要的警方行动。示威者要求在加沙地带立即停火，并要求英国停止向以色列出售武器。本·贾马尔来自巴勒斯坦声援运动。 There have not been mobilisations of this length of time of this size since the suffragette movement. You know, that was the last time in British political history where so many people marched for such a length of time. And we continue to march because the genocide continues. 自妇女参政权运动以来，英国政治史上还没有出现过如此长时间的大规模动员。你知道，那是上一次在英国政治史上有这么多人长时间游行。我们继续游行，因为大屠杀仍在继续。 Free NHS eyesight, dental and ear checks are taking place in schools in England for young people with special educational needs. Autistic children and those with learning disabilities will benefit from the new programme starting next year. 英格兰的学校将为有特殊教育需求的年轻人提供免费的国家卫生服务视力、牙齿和耳朵检查。从明年开始，自闭症儿童和有学习障碍的儿童将从这个新项目中受益。 A family whose XL bully was put down because of an admin error has had an apology from Lancashire police. The animal had been seized by officers as it was a banned breed. 一个家庭的特大型斗牛犬因为行政错误被安乐死，兰开夏郡警方已经向他们道歉。这只动物之前被警察扣押，因为它是被禁养的品种。 South Africa has regained its top spot as the best value long-haul holiday destination for UK travellers. A report by Post Office Travel Money found costs have fallen by 12% since autumn last year. 南非重新夺回了英国旅行者最佳长途度假目的地的头把交椅。邮局旅行货币的一份报告发现，自去年秋天以来，成本下降了12%。 And Park Run's celebrating its 20th birthday. Around 200,000 people now take part every Saturday in more than 900 places across the UK. That's the latest. “公园跑步”庆祝其20岁生日。现在，每周六有大约20万人在全英900多个地方参加。这是最新的报道。 更多英语听力见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”可加入【打卡交流群】

Why It Might Be Your Body– Not Your Mind One of the paradoxes of trying to understand our minds is that, at particular moments, we need to acknowledge that what passes through them – the ideas we entertain and the moods we're in – may have very little to do with the workings of these minds themselves. It may – for example – suddenly seem as though we have a new and very specific take on the world: we are sure that we should leave our job, say goodbye to our partner and never see our ungrateful children again. Or we may feel that we have come to a resolute new political certainty: that society is totally corrupt and human nature inherently selfish. 试图理解我们的大脑的悖论之一是，在某些特定时刻，我们需要承认穿过大脑的东西——我们所接受的思想和我们所处的情绪——可能与这些大脑本身的运作几乎没有什么关系。例如，我们可能会突然对这个世界产生一种新的、非常具体的看法: 我们确信自己应该辞掉工作，告别我们的伴侣，再也不见我们那些忘恩负义的孩子。或者，我们可能觉得我们已经得到了一个坚定的新的政治确定性：社会是完全腐败的，人性本质上是自私的。 And yet, with hindsight, we may realise that these ideas were not necessarily logical or true, they were just emanations of a hard-to-notice detail: that we had missed out on four hours of sleep the night before or hadn't drunk anything since early morning. 然而，事后看来，我们可能会意识到，这些想法并不一定是合乎逻辑或真实的，它们只是一个难以注意的细节的表现：我们前一天晚上错过了四个小时的睡眠，或者从清晨开始就没有喝过任何东西。 Much that we think about – though it seems to be rationally founded – stems in essence from the ups and downs of the complicated bodily envelope we're entwined with. Our thoughts can predominantly be the result of what we had for lunch, what time we went to bed, when we last sat on the toilet and how our blood sugar level is doing. This can sound hugely insulting. 我们思考的很多事情——尽管它似乎是有理性的——本质上源于我们与之交织在一起的复杂身体外壳的起起落落。我们的想法主要是我们午餐吃了什么、我们什么时候睡觉、我们上次上厕所的时间以及我们的血糖水平如何的结果。这听起来可能非常侮辱人。 Surely, we are wiser and cleverer than to be knocked off course by a sugary drink or a poor night. But we would be even wiser to follow, in this regard, the instincts of all good parents of young children. When they see their toddler swiftly turning furious, tetchy and jealous, they know that they are not witnessing an inexplicable character transformation in their formerly pleasant charges. They look at their watch, make their excuses and hurry upstairs to put the young one to bed for an hour. The mind will return to its usual state soon enough; it just cannot hope to do so while supported by a flagging body that's done three hours of energetic cartwheels or ball games with the neighbour's cocker spaniel. 当然，我们比被一杯含糖饮料或一个糟糕的夜晚打乱计划更明智、更聪明。但在这方面，我们更明智的做法是，遵循所有幼儿的好父母的本能。当他们看到他们蹒跚学步的孩子迅速变得愤怒、暴躁和嫉妒时，他们知道，他们知道他们并不是在见证他们以前愉快的孩子的不可解释的性格转变。他们看了看手表，找了个借口，然后赶紧上楼让孩子睡一个小时。头脑很快就会恢复到正常状态；只是当身体在与邻居的可卡犬进行了三个小时的精力充沛的翻筋斗或球类游戏后变得疲惫时，它难以指望回归到正常状态。 We should understand ourselves in similar terms. When we are filled with tragic thoughts, we should remember that there are always dark perspectives we might adopt. When we do so therefore, it isn't necessarily because our minds have uncovered new and solid reasons to despair, it's just that we lack the energy to bat away our fears and stay on the side of life and hope. We say 'I'm having bad thoughts and I'm exhausted'; we should learn to say 'I'm having bad thoughts because I'm exhausted.' 我们应该以类似的方式理解我们自己。当我们充满悲剧性的想法时，我们应该记住，我们总可能采取悲观的视角。因此，当我们这样做的时候，并不一定是因为我们的大脑发现了新的、可靠的绝望理由，这只是因为我们缺乏能量去驱散我们的恐惧，来维持在生活和希望的一边。我们说“我有不好的想法，我筋疲力尽了”；我们应该学会说“我有不好的想法，因为我筋疲力尽了。” We shouldn't protest that there are ways of thinking that are primarily the outcome of having eaten too many chocolates and of not having been out of the house all day – and others that are the outcome of a brisk swim and a handful of dried cranberries. 我们不该否认，有些思维方式主要是由于吃了太多巧克力，一整天都没有出门的结果——而另一些则是由于快速游泳和吃了一把蔓越莓干的结果。 To know ourselves never means knowing just our minds; it means tracking the decisive ways in which these minds are daily manipulated by our bodies and should, before we listen to them any further, be put down for a nap or sent on a long walk around the park. 了解我们自己永远不仅仅意味着了解我们的思想；它意味着追踪这些思想是如何每天被我们的身体决定性地操纵的，在我们进一步倾听它们之前，应该让它们小睡一会儿，或者让它们在公园里散散步。 词汇表 mind 大脑，思维，心理 paradox [ˈpærədɒks] 悖论，矛盾，似非而是的论点 little to do with 与……关系不大 working 工作方式，运行方式 take 看法，态度 ungrateful [ʌnˈɡreɪtf(ə)l] 忘恩负义的，不知感恩的 inherently [ɪn'herəntlɪ] 固有地，本质上地 with hindsight ['haɪn(d)saɪt] 事后才觉悟，事后看来 emanation [ˌemə'neɪʃ(ə)n] 散发，表现，显示 rationally founded [ˈræʃ(ə)n(ə)li] 基于理性的 ups and downs 起伏，起起落落 be entwined with [ɪn'twaɪnd] 与……交织在一起，与……密切相关 predominantly [prɪˈdɒmɪnəntli] 主要地，占主导地位地 blood sugar level 血糖水平 insulting [ɪn'sʌltɪŋ] 侮辱的，冒犯的，无礼的 knock off course 打乱计划，偏离方向 toddler [ˈtɒdlə(r)] 学步的儿童，幼儿 furious [ˈfjʊəriəs] 狂怒的，暴怒的 tetchy ['tetʃi] 易怒的，暴躁的 inexplicable [ˌɪnɪk'splɪkəb(ə)l] 费解的；无法解释的 charge 需要照管的人（指孩子） flagging ['flæɡɪŋ] 衰弱的，疲惫的 cartwheel [ˈkɑː(r)tˌwiːl] 侧手翻；侧身筋斗 cocker spaniel [ˌkɒkə(r) ˈspænjəl] 长耳小猎犬，可卡犬 dark perspective 悲观的视角 bat away [bæt] 驱散，消除（恐惧） protest [prəˈtest] 反对；否认；抗议 brisk [brɪsk] 轻快的；凉爽的 dried cranberry [ˈkrænb(ə)ri] 蔓越莓干，小红莓干 ☆视频版和pdf见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进入【打卡交流群】

Do you have misophonia? There are some sounds most of us acknowledge are irritating – the crunching of crisps, the humming of the air conditioning or a screaming baby. These noises, for many people, act as a mere inconvenience that can distract us from the task at hand. However, there are some amongst us who have a much more severe response to these noises. The question we ask today is: has a noise ever made you feel so angry that you could explode with rage? If the answer is yes, you may be suffering from misophonia. 我们大多数人承认，有些声音令人厌烦——比如嘎吱地嚼薯片的声音、空调的嗡嗡声或婴儿的尖叫。对许多人来说，这些噪音只是一种不便，可能会让我们分心。然而，我们中有些人对这些声音的反应要严重得多。今天我们要问的问题是：有没有一种声音让你感到如此愤怒，以至于你几乎要爆发？如果答案是肯定的，你可能患有恐音症。 The word 'misophonia' literally means 'a hatred of sound' and is sometimes called Selective Sound Sensitivity Syndrome. There are some experts who doubt the existence of the condition. However, for those who claim to suffer from it, the experience can be traumatic. Certain sounds trigger intense emotional or psychological responses that may seem over the top compared with a non-sufferer's complaints. “恐音症”这个词字面意思是“对声音的厌恶”，有时被称为选择性声音敏感综合症。一些专家对此病的存在持怀疑态度。然而，对于那些声称患有此病的人来说，这种体验可能是创伤性的。某些声音会触发强烈的情感或心理反应，与非患者的不适相比，这些反应可能显得过于夸张。 The sound of a loved one chewing their food could trigger a sufferer's anxiety levels, or cause them to panic. It may even activate their fight-or-flight reflexes, making them want to flee. In extreme cases, that feeling of panic may result in intense bouts of fury and end up with sufferers going berserk. 亲人咀嚼食物的声音可能会引发患者的焦虑水平，或导致他们恐慌。它甚至可能激活他们的战斗或逃跑反应，使他们想要逃离。在极端情况下，那种恐慌感可能会导致极度的愤怒发作，最终使患者变得狂暴。 Sadly, there's no known cure. Tinnitus retraining therapy, which helps people tolerate noises, may aid sufferers, while cognitive behavioural therapy and counselling could also help people manage the condition. According to James Cartreine, a clinical psychiatrist, the condition can lead to isolation. Sufferers use coping strategies that include avoiding places with lots of noises, like restaurants, or moving away when they feel like lashing out at someone due to their breathing. 遗憾的是，目前尚无已知的治疗方法。耳鸣再训练疗法，这种疗法帮助人们忍受噪音，可能对患者有所帮助，而认知行为疗法和咨询也可以帮助人们管理这种状况。根据临床精神病学家詹姆斯·卡特赖恩的说法，这种状况可能导致孤立。患者使用的应对策略包括避免噪音多的地方，如餐馆，或者在他们因为某人的呼吸而想要爆发时离开。 So, the next time you see someone fly into a rage because of a sound that is driving them crazy, it may be due to a difficult condition they are trying to manage, and not just because they loathe a certain sound. 所以，下次你看到有人因为某种让他们疯狂的声音而突然发怒时，这可能是因为他们正在努力管理一种困难的状况，而不仅仅是因为他们讨厌某种特定的声音。 词汇表 irritating ['ɪrɪ.teɪtɪŋ] 恼人的，令人厌烦的 crunching ['krʌntʃɪŋ] 嘎吱咀嚼声 humming ['hʌmɪŋ] 嗡嗡声 misophonia [ˌmɪsə'fəʊniə] 恐声症 hatred [ˈheɪtrɪd] 憎恨，厌恶 Selective Sound Sensitivity Syndrome [ˈsɪnˌdrəʊm] 选择性声音敏感综合症 traumatic [trɔː'mætɪk] 创伤性的 trigger ['trɪgər] 触发，引发 over the top 过分的，超出正常范围的 non-sufferer [nɒn'sʌfərə] 非患者 panic ['pænɪk] 恐慌 fight-or-flight reflex [ˈriːfleks]战斗或逃跑反应 flee [fliː] 逃离 intense bout [baʊt] 激烈的发作 fury ['fjʊəri] 暴怒 berserk [bər'zɜrk] 狂怒的，暴跳如雷的 tinnitus retraining therapy [ˈtɪnɪtəs] 耳鸣再训练疗法 cognitive behavioural therapy 认知行为疗法 counselling ['kaʊns(ə)lɪŋ] 咨询，辅导 clinical psychiatrist [ˈklɪnɪkl saɪ'kaɪətrɪst] 临床精神病学家 lash out at [læʃ] 发火，猛烈抨击 fly into a rage ['reɪdʒ] 大发雷霆 loathe [ləʊð] 憎恨，厌恶 🌟 pdf版见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

How to keep calm under pressure | BBC Ideas Exam pressure, deadlines, job interviews and presentations can all make you feel like a nervous wreck. Just when you need to remain calm, your heart's racing, your palms are sweaty, your voice sounds strange and your mind goes blank. Well, with a little help from neuroscience, here are three easy and reliable techniques you can use to literally keep calm and carry on, no matter what. Of course, there are other things you can do to combat stress, but this trio of tips will hopefully give you instant calm. 考试压力、截止日期、求职面试和演讲都会让你感到紧张不安。就在你需要保持冷静的时候，你会心跳加速、手心冒汗、声音怪异、大脑一片空白。不过，在神经科学的帮助下，这里有三种简单可靠的技巧，让你无论如何都能保持镇定，继续前进。当然，你还可以做其他事情来对抗压力，但希望这三个小技巧能让你瞬间平静下来。 First, a breathing exercise. I want you to take a deep belly-breath through your nose for five seconds, hold it for a second, then push all the air out through your nose, slowly, counting to five. Repeat a few times and you'll feel calmer. 首先是呼吸练习。你需要通过鼻子深吸一口气，持续五秒钟，然后屏住呼吸一秒钟，接着通过鼻子慢慢呼出所有空气，同时数到五。重复几次，你就会感到更加平静。 For centuries, yogis and Buddhists have used controlled breathing techniques like this to gain the upper hand over the nervous system, and science is beginning to understand how it works. Research has identified a specific network of neurons in the brain stem called the pre-Botzinger complex that regulates breathing and communicates with other parts of the brain. Under stress, we tend to breathe very quickly as our body prepares for danger, which is useful if you need to run away, but not if you're about to speak in public. 几个世纪以来，瑜伽修行者和佛教徒一直在使用这种控制呼吸的技巧来掌控神经系统，而科学界也开始理解其背后的原理。研究已经识别出位于脑干的一组特定神经元网络，称为“前包钦格复合体”，它负责调节呼吸并与大脑的其他部分进行交流。在压力下，我们往往会呼吸急促，因为我们的身体为危险做准备，这在你需要逃跑时很有用，但如果你即将在公众面前演讲，那就不是那么有帮助了。 The good news is that by breathing deeply and slowly, you can change the message your brain's receiving from 'danger' to 'all is well'. So the next time you feel panic rising, use deep breathing through your nose to force your body into a state of calm. And the best thing is, no one will notice, not even your audience. 好消息是，通过深呼吸和慢呼吸，你可以将大脑接收到的“危险”信号转变为“一切皆好”。所以下次当你感到恐慌时，通过鼻子进行深呼吸，迫使你的身体进入平静状态。最棒的是，没有人会注意到，甚至你的观众也不会察觉。 Now, you're ready for the humming. A single note, your favourite tune, literally anything will do. Why? Well, studies in how we regulate heart rate have shown that humming can stimulate one of the most important parts of the body you've never heard of: the vagus nerve. It was named 'the wanderer' in Latin because it emerges from the brain and meanders up and down the body like a superhighway of communication, connecting the brain to organs like the heart, lungs and stomach, voice box and ears. 现在，你可以开始哼唱了。一个音符，你最喜欢的旋律，任何旋律都可以。为什么呢？关于我们如何调节心率的研究表明，哼唱可以刺激你从未听说过的最重要的身体部位之一：迷走神经。它在拉丁语中被称为“流浪者”，因为它从大脑中出现，像一条沟通的高速公路一样在身体上下蜿蜒，将大脑与心脏、肺和胃、声带和耳朵等器官连接起来。 A 2013 study of choristers showed that singing, humming and mantras all help keep the heart's rhythm in step. So the next time you feel your heart racing, sing a song or just hum a note, and let your own wanderer nerve restore calm. 2013 年对合唱团成员的一项研究表明，唱歌、哼唱和念咒都有助于保持心律同步。因此，下次你感到心跳加速时，不妨唱首歌或者仅仅哼一个音符，让你自己的“流浪者”神经恢复平静 。 The final tip is to focus. When you're busy, it's tempting to multi-task, but if you want to stay calm and actually get stuff done, don't. Scans show your brain can only do one thing at a time. When you do two things at once, it has to switch between them very rapidly and gets overstimulated and floods your body with stress hormones. By working the way your brain is wired and doing one thing at a time, you can quickly go from feeling overwhelmed to calm. 最后一个建议是集中注意力。当你忙碌的时候，很容易想一心多用，但如果你想保持冷静并真正完成任务，就不要这样做。扫描显示，你的大脑一次只能做一件事。当你同时做两件事情时，大脑必须在两件事情之间快速切换，这样就会过度刺激，使你的身体充斥着压力激素。按照大脑的工作原理，一次只做一件事，你可以从感到不知所措迅速转变为平静。 So break your task down into small parts or steps, circle the one thing you need to do next and forget about the other tasks until their time comes. This is sometimes called 'process thinking' and is used by sports coaches to help athletes focus. Doing just one thing at a time with your fullest attention keeps your mind in the here and now and is a great habit to develop. 因此，将任务分解成几个小部分或步骤，圈出你接下来要做的一件事，然后忘掉其他任务，直到轮到它们时。这有时被称为“过程思维”，体育教练用它来帮助运动员集中注意力。一次只做一件事，全神贯注，让你的思维停留在此时此地，这是一个值得培养的好习惯。 So next time you feel panic rising, stop and remember to breathe, hum and focus. Let us know how you get on. 所以，下次当你感到恐慌时，停下来，记得呼吸、哼唱和集中注意力。让我们知道你的进展如何。 🌟 视频版和pdf版见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

The race for space among water plants BBC Earth｜Water Worlds｜The Green Planet This is the largest inland water world on Earth. The Pantanal. For a few months every year, it provides water plants with ideal conditions, but, all too soon, it becomes a battleground. Plants are racing to claim their space on the surface. 这是地球上最大的内陆水域——潘塔纳尔湿地。每年有几个月，这里为水生植物提供了理想的生长条件，但很快，这里就会变成战场。植物们正竞相争夺着水面上的空间。 The water lettuce rapidly expands its network of hanging roots so that it starts absorbing nutrients before other competitors arrive. Water hyacinth appears. Its leaves are carried on stalks filled with air that also make it virtually unsinkable. 水浮莲迅速扩展其悬挂根系，以便在其他竞争者到来之前开始吸收养分。水葫芦出现了，它的叶子被充满空气的茎支撑着，这也使其几乎不会沉下去。 The race for space intensifies. A new competitor arrives, Ludwigia. It spreads by developing a chain of tiny rafts. And jostles for space with the densely packed leaves of mosaic plants. 空间争夺战愈演愈烈。新的竞争者出现了——丁香蓼属（菱叶丁香蓼）。它通过开了花一连串微小的筏子来扩散。并利用其密集排列的镶嵌性的植物叶片争夺空间。 All are racing to claim as much sunlight as possible. They flower quickly before the floodwaters recede. And these surface dwellers also have competitors. Including one that has been waiting in the depths and is now stirring. 所有植物都在竞相获取尽可能多的阳光。它们在洪水退去之前迅速开花。而这些生活在水面的植物也有竞争对手。包括一个一直在深处等待，现在开始行动的竞争者。 It's a monster. It's well armed. It clears space for itself by wielding one of its buds. Like a club. And now it dominates the surface. This is a leaf of the giant water lily. It expands by over 20 centimetres a day and eventually measures more than two metres across. Its immense leaves are supported by a network of air-filled struts and protected by spines two centimetres long. 这是一个怪物。它装备精良。它通过挥舞其中的一个芽来为自己清理空间，就像一个棍棒。现在它主宰了水面。这是一片王莲的叶子。它每天扩展超过20厘米，最终直径超过两米。它巨大的叶子由充满空气的支杆支撑，并由两厘米长的刺保护。 The leaves float high in the water and their surfaces are dotted with tiny holes, drains, that help them ensure that rainwater doesn't accumulate and sink them. Nutrients from the fertile mud below are carried up by tubes in its stem to fuel the leaf's expansion. 这些叶子高高地漂浮在水面上，表面上布满了小孔和排水管，以帮助它们确保雨水不会积聚在一起而使叶子沉入水底。下面肥沃淤泥中的营养物质通过茎干中的管子输送上来，以促进叶子的扩张。 Over the next few months, the lily will produce some 40 or so of these gigantic leaves. And as each one reaches the surface and expands, more and more light is taken from those plants that are trying to grow beneath. 在接下来的几个月里，这种睡莲将产生大约40片这样的巨大叶子。随着每片叶子到达水面并扩张，在底下试图生长的植物就会被夺走越来越多的光照。 Competitors are pushed aside. Some are crushed, or skewered. Eventually, its immense leaves press their margins against one another, totally cutting off the light from the plants beneath them. The battle is over. And victory is total. 竞争对手被推到一边。有的被压碎，有的被刺穿。最后，它巨大的叶片将叶缘紧紧贴在一起，完全遮住了叶下植物的光线。战斗结束了。胜利是彻底的。 词汇表 Pantanal [ˌpænˈtænəl] 潘塔纳尔湿地（位于巴西，是世上最大的湿地） claim [kleɪm] 争夺 battleground ['bætlɡraʊnd] 战场 water lettuce [ˈletɪs] 水浮莲，水生菜 competitor [kəmˈpetɪtə(r)] 竞赛者，竞争对手 water hyacinth [ˈhaɪəsɪnθ] 水葫芦，凤眼莲 stalk [stɔːk]（植物的）茎，秆 unsinkable ['ʌn'sɪŋkəbl] 永不沉没的；不会下沉的 intensify [ɪnˈtensɪfaɪ] 加剧，加强 Ludwigia [ˈluːdvɪɡiə] 丁香蓼属 raft [rɑːft] 筏，木排，漂浮物 jostle [ˈdʒɒs(ə)l] 推挤，争夺 densely packed 密集的，紧密排列的 mosaic [məʊˈzeɪɪk] 镶嵌性的，拼贴的 recede [rɪˈsiːd] 退却，减弱 dweller [ˈdwelə(r)] 居住者，栖身者 stir [stɜː(r)] 行动，活动 wield [wiːld] 运用，挥舞 bud [bʌd] 芽，花蕊，蓓蕾 giant water lily 王莲（具有世界上水生植物中最大的叶片，最多可承受六七十千克重的物体） air-filled strut [strʌt] 充满空气的支杆 spine [spaɪn] （动植物的）刺，刺毛 be dotted with [dɒt] 点缀着，遍布 nutrient [ˈnjuːtriənt] 养分，营养物 fertile mud [ˈfɜː(r)taɪl] [mʌd] 肥沃的淤泥 stem [stem]（花草的）茎；柄 fuel [ˈfjuːəl] 加剧，刺激 gigantic/immense [dʒaɪ'ɡæntɪk] [ɪ'mens] 巨大的 push aside 推开，拨开 skewer [ˈskjuːə(r)] 刺穿，串住 🌟 视频版和pdf见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

Emails while commuting 'should count as work' The study of 5,000 commuters travelling by train into London each day raises the question of when the working day really begins. So many people were found to be catching up on emails that the journey had effectively become an unpaid extension of their business day. 这项研究对五千名每天乘火车去伦敦上班的通勤者进行了调查，随之提出了一个问题：工作日究竟从何时开始？研究发现，很多人都在上班的旅程中忙着回复邮件，实际上已经变成了工作日的无偿延伸。 Researchers from the University of the West of England say that the spread of internet access requires a rethinking of what employers mean by 'working hours'. 西英格兰大学的研究人员们称，互联网的普及意味着要重新思考雇主所定义的 “工作时间”。 Business leaders were not unsympathetic. The Institute of Directors agreed that it was becoming hard to draw the line between work and home life and that if people were unable to switch off, it would mean more stress and a reduction in productivity. 商界领袖们并没有对此漠不关心。英国董事学会认为，划清工作和家庭生活之间的界限变得越来越难，而且如果不能在个人时间内放下工作，那么人们就有可能面临更多的压力及工作效率的降低。 词汇表 commuter [kəˈmjuːtə(r)] 上下班往返的人，通勤者 working/business day 工作日 catch up on 赶上，得到……消息，弥补 effectively 实际上，事实上 unpaid extension 无偿的延伸 unsympathetic [ˌʌnsɪmpəˈθetɪk] 冷漠的，无同情心的 Institute of Directors （英国）董事学会 draw the line 划清界限 switch off 不再关注，不再理睬 productivity 工作效率 🌟 pdf版见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】