Ep3 宋明理学:一体
道可道 This is The Way
在第三期节目中,我们邀请到东亚哲学领域著名学者及翻译家 Philip J. Ivanhoe (艾文荷), 共同探讨 「一体」(Oneness) 这一主题。
第一部分,Justin简要介绍了宋明理学及其与「一体」思想的联系。
第二部分,我们与 Ivanhoe 教授深入探讨了他的著作《一体:东亚关于美德、幸福与万物相连的观念》(Oneness: East Asian Conceptions of Virtue, Happiness, and How WeAre All Connected)。
节目中涉及的主要话题包括:
* 「一体」的真实性:它既非「严格意义上的真理」,也并非毫无根据、毫无意义的幻觉;
* 「一体」的益处:它能带来安全感、自发性及形而上的安慰;
* 「天地万物皆我一体之良知也」的意义:王阳明是对的!
欢迎收听本期节目,与我们一同探索东亚哲学中的「一体」。
时间轴
0:00 Part I: 引言
4:40 Justin 对宋明理学的简要综述 Justin’s quick summary of Neo-Confucianism
22:59 Part II: 「一体」 Oneness
23:00 嘉宾介绍: Philip J. Ivanhoe
25:32 撰写关于「一体」这本书的三大动机 Three motivations for the book on oneness
33:30 宋明理学形而上学的实用主义替代方案 A pragmatic alternative to Neo-Confucian metaphysics
43:36 「一体」的真实性:既非“绝对真理”,也非毫无根据的幻觉 The truth-value of oneness: neither “strictly true,” nor a groundless hallucination
52:42 「一体」作为安全感、自发性与形而上慰藉的来源 Oneness as a source of security, spontaneity, and metaphysical comfort
1:03:55 关于「一体」或许无法解释真正利他主义的担忧 The worry that the oneness view can’t make sense of genuine altruism
1:11:05 生命是否是相互认同感的必要条件?(生物中心主义观点 vs. 王阳明的观点) Whether life is required for a sense of mutual identity(biocentric views vs. Wang Yangming’s view)
1:17:59 嘉宾问答环节
重点讨论段落
乾称父,坤称母。予兹藐焉,乃混然中处。故天地之塞,吾其体;天地之帅,吾其性。民,吾同胞;物,吾与也。大君者,吾父母宗子;其大臣,宗子之家相也。尊高年,所以长其长;慈孤弱,所以幼其幼。圣,其合德;贤,其秀也。凡天下疲癃、残疾、煢独、鳏寡,皆吾兄弟之颠连而无告者也。
——节选自张载(1020-1077)《西铭》
(English version: Zhang Zai, “The Western Inscription,” translation by Bryan W. Van Norden and Justin Tiwald)
目前节目持续更新中,每周一与你见面,欢迎订阅收听!如果你有任何想法或建议,欢迎在评论区留言,或前往 Warp, Weft, and Way 网站参与讨论。
其他参考资料
Philip J. Ivanhoe, Oneness:East Asian Conceptions of Virtue, Happiness, and How We Are All Connected
Justin Tiwald and Bryan W. Van Norden, Readings in Later Chinese Philosophy
Stephen C. Angle and Justin Tiwald, Neo-Confucianism: APhilosophical Introduction
ChanBuddhism
Zhang Zai
Philip Kitcher, Preludes to Pragmatism: Toward a Reconstruction of Philosophy
Philip Kitcher, Life After Faith: The Case for Secular Humanism
John Dewey, A CommonFaith
Bertrand Russell
Jeong Yak-yong (a.k.a.Dasan)
St. Thomas Aquinas
Zhu Xi
WangYangming
Owen Flanagan, “HallucinatingOneness: Is Oneness True or Just a Positive Metaphysical Illusion?“
William James, The Will to Believe
Alasdair C. MacIntyre, Dependent Rational Animals
Owen Flanagan, The Geography of Morals (footnote on p. 316)
Martha C. Nussbaum, Anger and Forgiveness
Philip J. Ivanhoe, “Précis of Oneness“
Philip J. Ivanhoe, “TheValues of Spontaneity“
Joel J. Kupperman, Learning from Asian Philosophy
E.O. Wilson, The Biophilia Hypothesis
Sigmund Freud, The Future of an Illusion (on the differences between errors, illusions, and delusions)
Adam Grant on “TheAltruism Debate” (summary of the debate about linkages between empathy and altruism, between C. Daniel Batson and Robert Cialdini)
Jamil Zaki, The War for Kindness
TheU.S.-China Research Group on Cosmopolitanism (Georgetown University research group mentioned by Ivanhoe in the final segment)
Philip J. Ivanhoe and Hwa Yeong Wang, Korean Women Philosophers and the Ideal of a Female Sage: Essential Writings of Im Yungjidang and GangJeongildang
The Chengbrothers (Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, subjects of Ivanhoe’s next major translation project)
在回答我们关于“推荐一本必读经典”的问题时,Ivanhoe 表示,所推荐的文本应根据每位读者的具体情况和兴趣而有所不同。之后,他在发给我们的补充邮件中重申了这一观点,但同时也指出,对于许多人来说,《中庸》(The Doctrine of the Mean)依然是非常值得一读的“必读经典”。
特别鸣谢 The Hong Kong Ethics Lab 的支持和赞助,以及 Warp, Weft and Way 网站对讨论环节的支持。
主持人:Richard Kim's website
Justin Tiwald's website
音频剪辑 & 中文 show notes: Lena