英音听力｜BBC & 经济学人等 - 节目列表

Advertising is particularly good at attaching emotions to brands. 广告尤其擅长将情感与品牌联系起来。 A terrific example from years back is a car called the Renault Glio. 多年前，雷诺克里奥的汽车广告就是个很好的例子。 Years ago they launched with an advertising campaign featuring a couple of daft French people, Papa and Nicole. 几年前，他们推出了一个广告活动，主角是一对愚蠢的法国人，帕帕和妮同。 The whole idea of that ad was supposed to be that the Renault Clio is a terrifically easy car to drive. 该广告的整个创意应该是雷诺克里奥是一款非常容易驾驶的汽车。 However, when you look at that ad what you're looking at is two people flirting, being terrifically sexy. 然而，当你看到这则广告时，你看到的却是两个人在调情，非常性感。 And of course what that does, is result in you thinking the Renault Clio is a terrifically sexy little car, and lots of people want to be sexy. 当然，这样做的结果就是让你觉得雷诺克里奥是一款非常性感的小车，而很多人都想变得性感。 The result? The most successful car launch ever in the UK. 结果呢？这是英国有史以来最成功的汽车发布会。 Meta-communication are all the twiddly bits - the music, the characters, the setting, the storyline...Anything that's not actually to do with what you're telling people., 元传播是指所有的细枝末节——音乐、人物、场景、故事情节...任何与你要告诉人们的内容无关的东西。 The interesting thing about meta-communication is that we are programmed not to be able to unprocess it. 元传播的有趣之处在于，我们被设定为无法对其进行反处理。 Once it's exposed to us, we've got it. 一旦它暴露在我们面前，我们就已经知道了。 Here's a good example: the famous Apple 1984 ad was shown once on midnight in 1983, and once in the Superbowl in 1984. 这有个很好的例子：著名的苹果公司 1984 广告在 1983 年午夜播放了一次，在 1984 年的超级碗中播放了一次。 And yet that ad is known practically all around the world. 然而，这则广告几乎家喻户晓。 The ad is the girl running down this aisle with all these zombie-like people, and she hurls the mallet through the screen. 广告中的女孩在过道上奔跑，周围都是像僵尸一样的人，她把木槌扔过屏幕。 And of course, the message in that ad is very simple -the world is being dominated in that era by IBM and Apple is going to break out of that era. 当然，这则广告传达的信息非常简单——在那个时代，IBM 在世界占据垄断地位，而苹果公司将打破那个时代。 That idea of Apple being the defender of the people, and the defender of freedom of course reflected into Steve Jobs, who became the epitome of the defender of the people. 苹果公司是人民的捍卫者，是自由的捍卫者，这一理念当然也体现在史蒂夫！乔布斯身上，他成为了人民捍卫者的缩影。 Which means people who buy Apple computers and in most cases, astonishingly, even though that ad would never have actually been seen by them on air, they know about this ad. 这意味着购买苹果电脑的人，在大多数情况下，即使他们从未在电视上看到过这则广告，但他们也知道这则广告。 And they feel Apple is a terrific company, 他们觉得苹果是一家了不起的公司。 And in that respect, once you get a reputation like that established, it's there forever. 在这方面，一旦你建立了这样的声誉，它就会永远存在。 How do you stop your emotions being influenced by advertising? 如何让自己的情绪不再被广告影响? Well, in my book, there's only two ways to do it, 在我看来，只有两种方法可以做到。 One is just don't watch any advertising, 一是不要看任何广告。 The other way, curiously enough, is to watch the ad very carefully, is to look at it and to say: What are you trying to do? 有趣的是，另一种方法就是仔细观察广告，看着广告说：你想做什么？ "What are you trying to influence?""What's really behind this ad?" If I see this little furry animal in the woods, what's it there for? Is it there to make me feel good about this brand? “你想影响什么？”“这则广告背后的信息到底有什么？”如果我在树林里看到这只毛茸茸的小动物，它在那里做什么？是为了让我对这个品牌产生好感吗？ Yeah, of course it is, 对的，当然是了。 And by doing that, you can do something called counter-arguing. 这样做，你就可以进行反驳。 We're not used to counter arguing the emotion in advertising but if you look at the ads, if you look at the emotive content in the ads, if you listen to the music you can say,"Ah! I know what you're trying to do." So emotionally you can counter-argue that ad. 我们不习惯反驳广告中的情感，但如果你看广告，如果你看广告中的情惑内容，如果你听音乐，你就会说，“啊！我知道你想做什么。”因此，你可以从情感上反驳这则广告。 Of course, it probably won't work but at least you can feel you're slightly more in control of your life than the advertisers are. 当然，这可能不会奏效，但至少你会觉得自己比广告商更能掌控自己的生活。 Thanks for watching. 感谢收看。 If you enjoyed that, be sure to check out these videos next, 如果你喜欢这期内容，一定要看看接下来的这些视频。 And if you havent already, hit the subscribe button and click the bell to get a notification each time we upload a new video. 如果你还没有订阅，请点击订阅按钮并点击铃铛，这样每次我们上传新视频时都会收到通知。 ✔更多文本内容见公众号【琐简英语】回复“1”，进入【打卡交流群】

媒体英语 Whale song mystery solved by scientists 科学家揭开鲸鱼 “歌声之谜”  科学家们已经研究出海洋中一些体型最大的鲸鱼发出令人难忘的复杂叫声的方式，它们的叫声被人们称为 “鲸歌”。座头鲸和其它须鲸体内有一种进化而来的特殊的 “音箱”，使它们能够在水下 “唱歌”。 The humpback's song sounded so strange and haunting to sailors, they used to think it belonged to ghosts or mythical sea creatures. Now, a study has revealed how the animals produce their complex songs. 座头鲸的鲸歌听起来很奇怪，让水手们难以忘记，他们曾认为这种 “歌声” 来自鬼魂或神话中的海洋生物。现在，一项研究揭示了这些动物唱出复杂 “歌声” 的原理。 Researchers examined the voice boxes of three dead whales: larynxes that were taken from a stranded minke, humpback and a sei whale. Pumping air into the giant U-shaped structures from the whales' throats showed how they vibrate to make a sound when air moves across them. 研究人员检查了三头死鲸体内的 “音箱”，也就是它们的 “喉部”，三头死鲸分别是一头因被搁浅而死亡的小鳁鲸、一头座头鲸和一头塞鲸。研究人员向巨大 U 型结构的鲸鱼喉咙中注入空气，结果发现当空气流过时，这个U型结构通过振动发声。 That's similar to how our vocal folds work, but baleen whales can recycle the air around this specialised vocal anatomy, meaning they can sing while holding their breath without inhaling water. 这些鲸鱼的发声方式与我们声带的发声方式相似，但须鲸可以回收循环利用其体内这种特殊的发声结构周围的空气，这意味着它们可以不吸水而屏住呼吸 “唱歌”。 More analysis showed that the frequency of the whale song overlaps with the noise ships produce, so the sound of human activity in the ocean can interrupt communication that's essential to these animals' lives. 进一步的分析表明，鲸歌的频率与船只行驶时产生的噪音重叠，因此海洋中人类活动的声音会干扰这些鲸鱼生活中至关重要的沟通和交流过程。 词汇表 haunting 令人难忘的 voice boxes 音箱 larynxes 喉头，喉咙 stranded 搁浅的 vibrate 振动 vocal folds 声带 baleen 鲸须，有鲸须的 anatomy （动植物的）结构 inhaling 吸气 ✔更多文本内容见公众号【琐简英语】回复“1”，进入【打卡交流群】

Snowy Owls Commitment to Parenthood 生词表 Arctic tundra 北极苔原 paternity 父亲关系 pair up 配对 monogamous 单配的 breeding season 繁殖期 brood 孵（蛋） flat out 全力 lemming旅鼠 skua 贼鸥 voracious贪婪的 ✔更多文本内容见公众号【琐简英语】回复“1”，进入打卡交流群

Culture Book review Gabriel Garcia Marquez No solitude Until August. By Gabriel Garcia Marquez. A seemingly happily married, middle-aged woman, Ana Magdalena Bach, makes an annual pilgrimage to an offshore island to lay a bunch of gladioli on her mother's grave. She does this every year on August 16th, staying on theisland for only one night and following the same routine, until one year she meets a stranger in the hotel bar and goes to bed with him. This, in turn, becomes a routine, with a different, random man each year, a ritual that begins as controlled but turns her inner life upside down. She comes to realise that her marriage was sustained "by a conventional happiness that avoided disagreements in order not to stumble over them, the way people hide dirt under the rug". Her husband, too, has been unfaithful, she discovers, but they stay together. 她发现，她的丈夫也对她不忠，但他们仍然在一起。 It sounds like a conventional plot, but this slim novella is by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, the Colombian Nobel laureate. 这听起来像是老生常谈的情节，但这部篇幅很短的中篇小说的作者是 来自哥伦比亚的诺贝尔奖获得者加西亚·马尔克斯。 It has been published-against his express request-to mark the tenth anniversary of his death. 这本书已经出版（违背了他不要出版的明确要求），用于纪念马尔克斯逝世十周年。 An act of defiance of a dead person's wishes happens toappear at the end of the novella. 而在这部中篇小说的结尾，恰好出现了违抗死者意愿的行为。 But is it justified in life? 但这种行为在生活中是正当的吗? In a brief preface, the author's two sons recall that their father's judgment, as he declined into dementia, was:"This book doesn't work. It must be destroyed." Confessing "an act of betrayal" in deciding to publish it, they speculate that just as their father's decline prevented him finishing the book, so it may also have prevented him realising how good it Are they right? 他们是对的吗？ The master's voice can certainly be heard in "Until August". 马尔克斯的声音绝对可以在《我们八月见》中被听到。 Unusually for Garcia Marquez's works of fiction, it is set in the present. 对于加西亚·马尔克斯的小说来说，这本书的不同寻常之处是故事背景设定在现在。 The unidentified place is the Colombian Caribbean as nobody else can conjure it, with its blue herons, palm-fringed lagoons, squalor and sensuality, and the sea, sometimes sleepy, sometimes terrifying. (It is also the setting of his greatest works:"One Hundred Years of Solitude" and "Love in the Time of Cholera".) It is a world peopled by silver-haired dandies in white linen suits and imperiously beautiful women crooning bolero. (这也是他最伟大的作品《百年孤独》和《霍乱时期的爱情》的故事背景。)在这个世界里，到处都是穿着白色亚麻西装的银发花花公子和低声哼唱着波列罗舞曲的傲慢美丽的女人。 Music occupies a central place in Latin American life, as it does in both "Until August" and, by a curious coincidence, in the latest novel by Mario Vargas Llosa, Garcia Marquez's friend (until they fell out), who also won the literature Nobel. Mr Vargas Llosa, who is 87, has said that "Le Dedico Mi Silencio"("I Give You My Silence") will be his last book. 现年87岁的巴尔加斯·略萨曾表示，《我给你沉默》将是他的最后作品。 Garcia Marquez sketches the complicated complicities and compulsions of love and sex, his favourite subject matter. 加西亚·马尔克斯描绘了爱和性的复杂的同谋及强迫性，这是他最喜 欢的主题。 With his precise, vivid prose, beautifully translated into English, Garcia Marquez creates an atmosphere as few other writers can. 他用精准、生动的文笔（英文翻译也很优美）创造出了一种很少有其 他作家能创造的气氛。 But here he does not do as much with it as he might have inhis prime. 但在这本书里，他没有像他在巅峰期时那样太多地发挥这方面。 Garcia Marquez worked intermittently on the text of "Until August", which was originally conceived as a long novel, over many years. 加西亚·马尔克斯断断续续地写出了《我们八月见》的文本，而且写了很多年，这本书最初是被构思为一部长篇小说。 He published two fragments in magazines. 他在杂志上发表了其中两段节选。 But despite several drafts, he was unable to finish the slimmed-down story to his satisfaction before he died. 尽管写了几稿，他还是没能在去世前把这个精简版故事写到让他满意的程度。 Whether a dead author's wishes regarding unpublished material should always be respected is a vexed question. 已故作家对于未出版作品的意愿是否应该一直得到尊重，这是一个很棘手的问题。 Few today would quibble with the decision of Max Brod, Franz Kafka's friend and literary executor, to publish "The Trial" and "The Castle" against the writer's instructions. 马克斯·布罗德是卡夫卡的朋友和文学执行人，他不顾卡夫卡的要求出版了《审判》和《城堡》，如今很少有人会抱怨他的决定。 More questionable were the actions of Ernest Hemingway's publishers in marketing four works assembled from unfinished material, some many years after the author's death. 更值得质疑的是欧内斯特·海明威的出版商的行为，他们把未完成的残稿汇编成四部作品并进行推销，其中一些作品是在作者去世多年后才出版的。 "You think something is in shape to be published or you don't, and Hemingway didn't," complained Joan Didion, an American writer, speaking for many creators. “你要么认为某个东西可以出版，要么认为不能出版，而海明威认为不能。”为许多创作者发声的美国作家琼·狄迪恩抱怨道。 Garcia Marquez's Spanish editor, Cristobal Pera, claims to have hewed closely to the original, approaching it as a "restorer facing a great master's canvas". 加西亚·马尔克斯的西班牙语编辑克里斯托巴尔·佩拉声称，他保留了作品的原汁原味，以“面对大师画布的修复者”的态度处理了文本。 Diehard fans will rejoice at this posthumous bonus track. But others will find it hard to banish a slight queasiness-much as Ana Magdalena Bach felt on the return ferry from the island-at the commercial opportunism surrounding its publication. ✔更多文本内容见公众号【琐简英语】回复“1”，进入【打卡交流群】

2024-3-15 Has this ever happened to you: you eat a doughnut and get a sugar rush, a strong feeling of excitement and energy, only to collapse an hour later, with a headache? Food affects us more than we realise, and that's because what we eat alters our brain chemistry, changing our mood and emotions. Our brain is working 24 hours a day, even while we sleep, so it needs more fuel than other body parts. So can we eat our way to feeling happy? In this programme, we'll be discussing the relationship between food and the brain, and, as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well. Sounds great, Georgie, but first I have a question for you. Humans, with an average brain weighing one-and-a-half kilos, are one of the cleverest animals, but which mammal has the biggest brain? Is it: a) an African elephant, b) a dolphin or, c) a sperm whale? Hmm, I think it's an African elephant. OK, Georgie, I'll reveal the answer later in the programme. Now, did you know that despite making up only 2 percent of our total weight, our brain uses 20 percent of the body's energy? Nutritionist, Dr Reeta Achari, does. She thinks we should be specifically eating for our brains, as she explained to BBC World Service Programme, The Food Chain: Eating every day, right? And eating a balanced diet so you get the full complement of vitamins and minerals- it's critical. If you go low in something and one day if you just, you know, don't eat any protein for a day or-for me in my situation, if I don't eat any vegetables-I know the next day I'm not as sharp. Number one on Dr Achari's list of brain foods is a regular and balanced diet, a diet containing the proper types and amounts of food needed to stay healthy. Remember the 'Rainbow Rule'_ eat foods of many different colours with lots of leafy greens. A balanced diet also includes different types of nutrients - vitamins, fibre, protein and so on. But including these isn't always possible. You might go low on, meaning have very little of, one food type. Dr Achari says when this happens to her, she's not as sharp - as intelligent and quick to notice things, as usual. Dr Achari names lots of different foods which help boost our brains, from wild caught Alaskan salmon and avocado, to berries and walnuts. But hang on, Georgie! Wild-caught Alaskan salmon?! Very nice, and very.. expensive! It sounds like these superfoods are just for the super-rich! Well, not according to blogger Michelle Munt. Here she is telling BBC World Service's, The Food Chain, how eating well needn't cost a fortune: It's not expensive and everyone's got a freezer these days so, yes, you can batch cook things, freeze them, and then use them in like a week's time or something... so I think the problem is again it's about our lifestyles, it's about the fact that we feel like we've got limited time, and therefore people are trying to cut the time down in the kitchen by cooking things that are pre-made or even worse we're just chucking it in the microwave but actually you can do fresh food in 20 minutes flat... Michelle's idea for brain food on a budget involves batch cooking. Batch cooking means cooking a lot of food at one time, then saving some to eat later, usually by freezing it. Although microwave ready meals are convenient, they lack many nutrients needed by the brain. Luckily, adding some fresh vegetables to batch cooked food means anyone can make a brain-healthy meal quickly, or in 20 minutes flat as Michelle says, using the word flat to mean 'exactly' and to emphasise that it can be done quickly. OK, so we need balanced diets, and batch cooking for big brains! Now let's test your brain, Georgie, with my question. Right. You asked which mammal has the biggest brain, and I guessed it was an African elephant... Which was...the wrong answer, I'm afraid! In fact, the biggest brain belongs to the sperm whale, weighing about 8 kilos. And the sperm whale's main food? Fish! OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned in this programme starting with sugar rush, suddenly feeling excited and full of energy after eating food which contains a lot of sugar. A balanced diet includes the correct combinations of food needed to stay healthy. If you go low on something, you have very little of it. If you describe someone as sharp, you mean they're intelligent and quick to react to things. Batch cooking means cooking a lot of food at the same time and saving some for later. And finally, doing something in 20 minutes flat, means 20 minutes exactly, and is used to emphasise that it is done very quickly. Once again our six minutes are up! Have fun cooking up your own brain boosting breakfasts and remember to join us again next time, here at 6 Minute English. Goodbye for now! Bye! ✔更多文本内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】

Ramadan: How PE lessons can change during Muslim holy month ｜Newsround Hi Newsround, my name is Ayaan.你好，新闻中心，我叫阿亚安。 And my name is Khadijah,我的名字是哈迪彻。 We're Muslims and we're about to enter the holy month of Ramadan.我们是穆斯林，我们即将进入神圣的斋月。 Ramadan is a really important time for Muslims all over the world.斋月对于全世界的穆斯林来说都是一个非常重要的时刻。 It means the hot month in Arabic and takes place in the ninth month of the Islamic calendar.它在阿拉伯语中意为炎热的月份，发生在伊斯兰历的九月。 Fasting is one of the five pillars of Islam and it helps us to draw nearer to God.斋戒是伊斯兰教的五大支柱之一，它可以帮助我们更加接近上帝。 When we fast, we are not allowed to have anything to eat or drink.当我们禁食时，我们不可以吃任何东西或喝任何东西。 This helps to remind us about the people that don't have enough food.这有助于提醒我们那些没有足够食物的人。 Although we'll be fasting during Ramadan, we'll still be going to school and taking part in lessons as usual. 虽然我们会在斋月期间禁食，但我们仍然会像往常一样去学校和上课。 However, one lesson which will look a little different is PE.然而，有一门看起来有点不同的课是体育课。 Normally, we take part in sports which require lots of energy, like this one.通常，我们会参加需要大量能量的运动，就像这样。 However, our lessons will soon look something like this. 然而，我们的课程很快就会像这样。 Fasting during Ramadan makes us have less energy, so lessons are changed to make sure that we don't get too tired. 斋月期间的禁食使我们精力不足，因此课程有所改变，以确保我们不会太累。 So during the month of Ramadan, when the students are fasting, the changes that we made within the PEdepartment is we've changed the curriculum. 因此，在斋月期间，当学生们禁食时，我们在体育系内所做的改变是我们改变了课程。 So the more high intense activities, whether they're team sports or athletics, we've changed. 因此，更高强度的活动，无论是团队运动还是田径运动，我们都发生了变化。 So the students do that in another term now. 所以学生们现在在另一个学期这样做。 And we've brought in more lower intensive activities, such as striking and fielding activities for cricket and table tennis. 我们还引入了更多强度较低的活动，例如板球和乒乓球的击球和防守活动。 So this is my second year of fasting in this school and I like PE during Ramadan because we do sports such as tabletennis and curling. 这是我在这所学校禁食的第二年，我喜欢斋月期间的体育运动，因为我们做乒乓球和冰壶等运动。 I like these sports because they're not on my everydaycurriculum of learning.我喜欢这些运动，因为它们不在我的日常学习课程中。 I think activities like these are good in Ramadan becauseyou dont use as much physical energy 我认为像这样的活动在斋月里很好，因为你不会消耗太多的体力。 And you'll get to take more frequent breaks.而且你会得到更频繁的休息。I really like fast-paced sports such as football and things like that but during Ramadan we do things like curling and table tennis which helps me learn different skills while also using less energy. 我真的很喜欢快节奏的运动，例如足球之类的运动，但在斋月期间,我们会做冰壶和乒乓球等运动，这有助于我学习不同的技能，同时消耗更少的能量。 ✔更多文本内容见公众号【琐简英语】回复“1”，进入【打卡交流群】

Women make up half of humankind, and it is reasonable for representative institutions such as corporate boards to reflect this. 女性占全人类的一半，企业董事会等代表性机构反映出这一比例也是合理的。 In 2022 the European Parliament ruled that at least 40% of non-executive directors at firms with more than 250 employees should be women by 2026. 2022 年，欧洲议会规定，到2026年，员共超过250人的公司中，非执行董事至少40%为女性。 Britain's ftse 350 companies hit that mark last year, on average. 去年，英国富时350指数公司的平均水平达到了这⼀标准。 Japan, where only 18% of directors are women, recently told big businesses to get to 30% by 2030. ⽇本只有18%的董事是⼥性，最近才要求⼤企业到2030年将这⼀⽐例提⾼到30%。 America's constitutional dislike of quotas dooms similar efforts. 美国宪法对配额的抵触情绪注定了在美国类似的努力会失败。 But its markets regulator wants firms to disclose diversity statistics, which may shame some into action. 但美国市场监管机构希望企业披露多样性统计数据，这可能可以激励一些企业采取行动。 Our annual "glass-ceiling index", which ranks oecd members on ten indicators of female workplace empowerment (and can be found at economist.com/glassceiling), shows all this is having an effect. 我们的年度“玻璃天花板指数”对经合组织成员国的十项女性职场赋权进行了排名（见economics.com/glassceiling），结果表明，所有这些努力正在产生积极影响。 Across the club of mostly rich countries, women's share of directorships reached 33% in 2023, an all-time high. 在主要由富裕国家组成的俱乐部中，⼥性担任董事的⽐例到2023年达到 33%，创历史新高。 In France, New Zealand and Norway it is nudging 50%. 在法国、新西兰和挪威，这一比例正逐渐趋近50%。 Is there a business case for more female boards, as well as a moral one? 增加女性董事比例，除了道德上的考量，是否也有商业上的原因呢？ In 2020 consultants at McKinsey found that firms in the top quartile for board gender diversity were 25% likelier to outperform their industry average than those in the bottom quartile. 2020 年，麦肯锡公司的顾问发现，董事会性别多样性排名前四分之一的公司比排名后四分之一的公司，业绩上超过行业平均水平的可能性高出25%。 Studies have found that appointment of a woman as boss can boost a firm's share price and price-to-earnings ratio (though not its return on assets). 研究发现，任命女性为领导者可以提高公司的股价和市盈率（尽管不能提⾼资产回报率）。 Yet so many factors influence a firm's profitability that proving a causal link between representation and performance is next to impossible; companies that perform well for other reasons may have the luxury to also pay attention to things like diversity, for example. 然而，影响公司盈利能力的因素很多，几乎无法证明性别代表性与绩效之间的因果关系。例如，业绩好的公司可能也有机会关注多样性等问题。 So instead, Margarethe Wiersema of the University of California , Irvine, and Marie Louise Mors of Copenhagen Business School interviewed directors at 200 big companies in Europe and America. 因此，加州大学欧文分校的玛格丽特·威尔斯玛（Margarethe Wiersema）和哥本哈根商学院的玛丽·路易斯·莫尔斯（Marie Louise Mors）采访了欧美200 家大公司的董事。 They found that women are consistently better prepared for board meetings, had better attendance rates and were more willing to ask probing questions. 她们发现，女性董事在准备董事会会议方面始终表现更好，出席率更⾼，并且更愿意提出探究性问题。 Female directors in other words, are "setting a higher standard and mitigating the problem of groupthink". 换句话说，女性董事正在“设定更高的标准，并缓解了群体思维的问题”。 That should be a boon for corporate governance . 这对企业管理来说应该是一个福音。 ✔公众号【琐简英语】回复“打卡”，进入【英语晨读×全英交流群】

词汇表 prestigious university 名牌大学 extended period 长期 anxiety 焦虑 irritability 烦躁，易怒 self-protection 自我保护 withdraw 脱离，不再参与 apathetic 无兴趣的，冷漠的 unmotivated 无动力的，没有热情的 resilient 适应力强的 optimistic outlook 乐观的看法 settled 稳定的 work through 逐步处理、解决 involve（使）参与 surroundings 周围环境 maintain contact 保持联系 ✔公众号【琐简英语】回复“打卡”，进入【英语晨读×全英交流群】