Hi everyone, and welcome to our new mini segment It means what? 欢迎回来我们新的mini板块【词源考古研究所】 在这个板块里, 我和安澜会跟大家 分享一些非常常见的英文的词汇或者是习语, 它们背后的有趣故事. Hi, 安澜. Hi Lulu, hi everyone. So what is our word or idiom of today? Today we're gonna be looking at the idiom ‘give someone the cold shoulder’. So give someone the cold shoulder. I know this one, it means someone is giving you sort of like a hostile attitude, like treating you with hostility. But it's not kind of like hostile as in shouting at you. It's more about ignoring someone. 就是冷落你的感觉. So you ignore them, you don't acknowledge them, you don't welcome them. You give them the cold shoulder. I often find this expression quite strange because I'm always imagining someone is trying to use his shoulder to sort of like push me out of the door that imagery. No, don't be stupid. It's nothing to do with a person's shoulder. So it's not a human shoulder. No, it actually comes from medieval table manners. Ok, 是餐桌礼仪的一部分, 就中世纪的时候, ok. What would happen is when the meals come into an end, and the host wanted everyone to leave, they would hint it was time to leave by serving cold slices of pork or beef shoulder. Hang on a minute.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi, everyone and welcome back to your favorite segment Global Village, 欢迎回来【小酒馆·大世界】. Welcome back, Aladin. Hi, Lulu. Thank you for inviting me again. So last time we were talking about French people being romantic or are they actually romantic. Actually, when I think of, or when I stereotype, for lack of a better word, France, I don't think of romance, I think of actually progressive thoughts. For example, feminism. I thought we can talk about that. Sure. I thought you were going to talk about the Great Revolution of 1789, but sure we can talk about feminism as well. Yeah, more on that perhaps later, but let's focus on feminism, since our audience, my audience are 70% to 75% women, and a lot of them are very sort of independent modern ladies. And I'm sure they will be interested in knowing feminism in France. By the way, I've heard this theory. Now this is in cultural theory where they group cultures in sort of like masculinity and femininity, not in the traditional sense, not like manly or feminine. But masculinity is more focusing on valuing achievement, success, power, hierarchy, whilst femininity values more equality, welfare. In that sense, a lot of the charts would say France is more leaning towards femininity, valuing equality and welfare. Do you agree with this whole setting? Yeah, I mean, you brought up that topic and I will admit when in France we never had this thing about success equals masculinity and equality equals femininity. I mean, in that case, I think Karl Marx would be like a feminist. I mean, just joke aside like we don't really have such terms for if you're a successful person, you are really like a man or an alpha male or whatever, maybe other country they have more this idea about that, but in France it's not really like this, just like equality and healthcare and things like that, they are just seen like social public services. I see. Actually the word feminism is a word English has borrowed from French, I think it was féminisme in French. Does it mean exactly the same as feminism means in English? Before I answer that question Lulu, I just want to tell to the audience, like I'm well aware that in case you haven't listen, in case you have not understood them, like a white male of a 34 year old. So I speak under like I'm glad to bring that topic, but I'm sure and I hope one day you can interview other western feminist female who could like keep adding on that, because what I'm gonna share is more like my personal view. And what I've read from the press to consider that I support feminism. But at the same time, like I think it's a bit hard sometimes for a guy to say I'm a feminist, I think. I understand your concern. It's kind of like you're worried being called your men's blaming feminism to a bunch of ladies. That's exactly that. Don't worry about that, it’s an open dialogue. Okay. Just right now, just check like the French definition of feminism on Wikipedia that I'm gonna read in English, don't worry guys, so according to French Wikipedia, feminism is a set of political, social and cultural movements which IDs and objectives are to promote equality between men and women by campaigning for the rights of women. I think that's basically the definition in English. It is the same. I see. And like right now, if I'm thinking about feminism and how it has sort of developed in France, I would think French, like France is more on the progressive side, but it wasn't always like that, was it? I mean, France wasn't always leading the feminism movement.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi, everyone. And welcome back to our new segment It Means What? Yeah. Okay, that starts to become annoying. 欢迎回来我们的新板块【词源考古研究所】Hi 安澜. Hi, Lulu, hi, everyone. In this segment, we're bringing you interesting origin stories of very common words and phrases. So I would like to propose a word for today. Go ahead. This is definitely not an English word I think. But this is a star food in this whole super food trend. Okay？ 这种超级食物或者说这种健康饮食里面, 最近这些年的一个网红食物, 不光是在中国还是在西方. This is avocado. 中文现在是叫牛油果. Yeah, I always find it really interesting kind of the Chinese where that comes from. I think it might just be the texture. It tastes a bit buttery because it has really nice fats, right? It's certainly better than the origin of the English word. But it's not English, is it? It's not English, no. Avocado, based on my limited knowledge. It comes from Latin America. So avocado comes from Spanish and the Spanish word comes from the language of the Aztecs. Aztec就是阿兹特克, 中美洲的, where Mexico is right now. If you're interested in history, you definitely have heard of the Aztecs. Yes. The Aztec spoke a language called Nahuatl. Nahuatl. And avocado comes from the word āhuacatl, which means testicle. What? for those of you who don't really understand the word ‘testicles’, well, how shall I explain this? They are the most precious part of a men, a pair of them, if you don't understand, then check it out. I can't... for this show to be out, I cannot say it. Yes, but don't do an image search. But why would they call it testicles? It's a fruit, right? It's food. Yeah. But what do they look like？ Forget my question. It's funny to think that avocados are now so popular and they're expensive. They're popular in the UK as well. Very, very very popular.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Chibi figures Big head small body Very popular in the US now Funko pop brand figures for just about every TV series that is popular Even Chibi gundam models Modification of models Common for people to modify models with self made parts Life like dioramas DIY videos are popular on youtube now Garage kits Realistic models of anime figures Are made to be modified or posed in almost anyway you chose. Became popular in the 80s These are what started the modification of other models Comparison to the US Models were more popular in the US before the DIY boom Mostly cars and airplanes rather than anime characters, but with otaku culture in the US being more popular that is changing.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi everyone, and welcome back to Geek Time. 欢迎回来【极客时间】 Hi, Brad. Hey, Lulu. So what topic are we going to talk about today? I thought we talk about like action figures, figures and models. Action figures, figures and models, 比如说模型、人型、人偶、手办这一类的是吧? Now I know when you mention this to a lot of people, if they don't know anything about this, they would be like, those are for kids, you're grown up. These aren't just for kids, the models are for everyone. Yeah. So, first of all, let's talk about the basics. Are we just talking about models for I don't know like a character in the movie or in an anime? Not just like an action figure of like a character from them, but there's a lot of different types. There's models of characters, models of cars, models of machines that actual things that will move. You can buy like models to put together like that replicate a car engine. There's models just like could be just about anything. Can I just clarify a word, a phrase, action figures, what does it actually mean, action figures? Action figure is a figure that moves that has some sort of action. Now, not all action figures will move on their own. In fact most don't, but some will have like a button and if you push the button, they'll do an action of some sort, a punch or something or a kick. But mostly an action figure is just something that is actionable. They can move. They could have an arm joint or shoulder joint and knee joint. They can move around and be posed. So for example, if you have a Batman action figure, perhaps his arm can move, his legs can move or of that kind of idea, right? Yeah. I remember hearing in terms of these figures or action figures or models, there was one... very, very famous one called I think is that Gundam? There's a lot of other robot models and stuff, but Gundam is probably one of the most popular and there's even huge lifelike recreations of these in various cities in Japan. There is one that even moves in like, I think Yokohama (横滨), if you're really into Gundam, you can go see them in person. They're like three or four stories tall.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi, everyone. And welcome back to our new segment It Means What？ Yeah! You sound very excited. I am. 欢迎回来我们的新板块【词源考古研究所】, Hi安澜. Hi Lulu, hi everyone. In this segment we are going to share with you the interesting origin stories of some phrases and words. So let me propose the word for today. Okay. It’s a word that everybody is interested in and everybody knows, but I've always wondered about the origin of this word. Okay. Salary This is salary. Salary? So you work, you get paid and that payment is usually called salary, 你的薪水或者工资, but why salary, where does it come from？ That's actually a really good question because it comes from a Latin word, Sal. Sal? Sal. And Sal means salt. Salt like salt and pepper salt? Yep, salt you put on your food. 就是盐, quite a leap from salt to money. Not really, that's because salt for centuries has always been very expensive. It's a very important commodity that's for sure. Very very important. There were huge trade routes around salt. So people were using gold to buy salt and they were also using salt as payment.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi, everyone and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】Hi, 安澜. Hi Lulu, hi everyone. Before we start today's topic, let me ask you a question. Sure. What is British people's favorite sport？ We talked about that, it was... we talked about football didn't we, in the past？ No. Not football. Rugby? Nope. Cricket? No. I have no idea what you're talking about. It's something that everybody in the UK enjoys and it doesn't matter how old you are, it doesn't matter if you're a man or a woman, it is queueing. I thought you're going to say drinking there for a moment. No. But we do enjoy a nice queue. We do like to line up and wait for things. 排队. This is a running joke isn't it that British people love queueing？Even if there's only one person there, the automatic setting is to go and line up？ Well. To be honest, I always say it's a little bit of exaggerated to say that we love queueing. I don't think anyone really likes to wait for things. I've actually seen that happen in the UK. OK. If you put a sign please queue here, you will see British people queue there.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦 Hi, everyone. And welcome back to our new mini segment It Means What？欢迎回来我们新的小板块【词源考古研究所】. In this segment, we're gonna share with you the origin story of some of the common words and phrases in English. Hi, 安澜. Hi, Lulu, hi everyone. So let me propose one, you like cats, right？ Yes, I do. There are many cat related idioms. Ah, loads. So I'm sure you know the origin of this one “let the cat out of the bag”. Let the cat out of the bag. 字面意思就是说 “让猫从口袋里跑出来了”. It sounds really strange. Well, it does, but it doesn't sound that strange when you know the story behind it. First of all, the meaning of this idiom “let the cat out of the bag” if I remember correctly is to accidentally reveal a secret就无异中泄密的意思. Yeah, so for example, if you're talking with a friend and you might be talking about a mutual person that you know and you accidentally say a secret. Do you know his... No, it's not like that. It's not intentional. It's not intentional. It's like, I really like that guy, but he's leaving next week. What? he's leaving next week? That is letting the cat out the bag. 无意中泄密了. What is the origin？

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hello, everyone. And welcome back to America Under the Microscope, advanced episode. Hi, Lulu. Hi, James. Let's go ahead and continue our talk we were having about Americans and DIY. Last time you said DIY is partly because of money, because labor costs a lot. Certainly does. But also because people in America, you guys do find a sense of accomplishment from all these DIY projects. So Americans really get very proud with their work. What comes with that is when we are really proud of our own work is a lack of trust in other people's work. I could imagine, but bring that back a little bit. What happens when you actually have the money to hire professionals to do pretty much everything? Let's just say. You’re upper middle class, you've got the money to pay all of your contractors. Would people still do it themselves or would they consider outsourcing? Once you're in that situation, it really becomes more of not so much of a money issue, but more of a prime issue. So they are... people who are still upper middle class and have money, they might still do honey do projects and still do things. But they're gonna be focusing is like this project will take X amount of hours. This one will take two X amount of hours. So they might do the shorter project themselves but hire someone to do a longer project or hire someone who would do the project that goes well beyond their own skills. I see. So really just they're gonna do more of a cost benefit analysis and just timing and all those things. Whereas people who have lower income, they don't have that option. That actually makes sense, for example, like when I'm thinking about hiring a cleaner to clean, this is what I think if I can, within the same amount of time, make more money, then I would out source that because it makes more financial sense. Right? What about you James? like let's say if you guys moved back to the States and you bought a house, what kind of things are you willing to do yourself? What kind of things, what kind of work would you out source? Myself? any kind of painting I would do, I don't need to hire anyone to do that. Anything that evolves simple like repairs, like if I need to put up the... like fix the molding, things like this, I can do whether it's like outdoor things, fixing the fence, fixing the garden type stuff. I have no problem doing that myself. But no piping. Piping no, I would hire a plumber for that. Or if it's things related to the wiring. Electricity. Yes, then I would definitely hire a contractor for that. I don't trust myself enough like I can replace a light socket, I know how to do that. I know how to install a new light switch, that I can do; beyond that, I don't...I can't do it. Yeah, the thing is, just a side note, in my home it’s basically my dad who's doing all of that. My dad actually does not trust other people to do that. But then again, he is an electrical engineer, sort of makes sense. He has the skills. Exactly. But since last time you were talking about saying that if you go to an American's home, then they are going to talk your ear off about what they have done in terms of home improvement.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi, everyone. And welcome back to America Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【美国美国】. Hi, James. Hi, Lulu. Hi, everyone. What are we going to talk about today？ I have a question for you. It's actually more of an observation that I've noticed while living here. While living in China, one thing I noticed is that people are always like remodeling or fixing up their homes, right？I've never seen anyone paint their own homes. They always hire people to do it. Why is that? You mean paint their walls？ Yes. Is that not normal？You're confusing me because in my understanding it’s just like you have to paint your wall or have your wall painted, then you hire a guy, you hire a contractor, hire someone who professionally...Does that, is that not the same in America？ We do have professional painters and you can hire someone to do it. What you're more likely to come across in America is the Americans doing that themselves. I guess that's what we're gonna talk about today, the whole do it yourself, DIY. Because in America, DIY is a pretty big thing. And we'll talk about several reasons why that is. I mean that's kind of built in your DNA so to speak. That's a good way to put it. I mean Americans do kind of like to go their own way or create their own stuff. So the idea of doing it yourself is really ingrained in us. But come on. So when we were talking about why Americans like DIY does it not have anything to do with money？ No, that almost certainly has everything to do with money. It's money because hiring people to do things for you is expensive. People are basically saying, obviously I don't really have the exact number. But is it true that contractors or let's say like plumbers, electricians, these people they actually make very good money. Yes. If I was an electrician in America, I would be making more money than I am currently as a teacher. Wow. But then I can imagine hiring someone to do painting to fix your pipes will be very expensive. Yeah, although when you're using like the term like an electrician or a plumber, those would be a couple of exceptions and most Americans would hire someone to do those things because making a mistake with wiring or pipes can lead to disaster. 水电还是要找人做的, but painting your house, what mistakes can you make？ Couple of hand prints here or there, you might have painted over something you weren't supposed to, but it's pretty easy to fix. But the other thing, the reason why we like to do it is Americans really like to pride themselves on what they've accomplished themselves. So one way we kind of really express ourselves and like if you ever get a chance to go to an American’s home, they will talk your ear off about all the things that they have done to improve their home.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看完整全文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ 1)Gymnasium a.Comes from the Greek word ‘gymnos’ (naked) and ‘gymnazein’ (to train naked) b.Men (only men!) who wanted to work out had to do so naked as the Greeks believed that exercising with clothes on was shameful! c.The Greeks focused on the perfect physique and they rubbed themselves over with olive oil while exercising to shine. d.Gymnasium were also places of learning which is why many high schools in Europe are called gymnasium