酒馆全新音乐剧板块《曲外之音》，跟璐璐和英国资深音乐剧人Oliver一起品名音乐剧背后的故事，让高雅艺术触手可得~工忠号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】可以索要英语全文稿哦~ {合并} Musical-Book of Mormon-1_mixdown.mp3 Hi, everyone. And welcome back to the Sound of Musicals. 欢迎回来【曲外之音】. Hi, Oliver. Hello again. Now this time again, I am going to propose a musical, one of my favorites, one of my old time favorites. What exactly are we going to talk about today? Which one is your favorite? I think we talked about this before and this is absolutely one of the perhaps more controversial ones. This is the Book of Mormon. I've heard of it. Yes. 中文翻译叫《摩门之书》或者《摩门经》. I'm sure some of our audience have heard of it and some of you probably have even watched it. I mean, I have watched it in the West End. I actually have seen it live. Nice. It was one of the best theatre experiences I ever had. 西区 The West End of London 是19世纪的英国人用来指代伦敦查令十字以西的商业和剧院聚集区的名词。在西区中心盘踞着大大小小40个剧院，伦敦人直白的称呼这篇区域为Theatreland Fantastic. I do really want to. I haven't seen it myself, but I have listened to some of the songs and I really want to go and see this one. This is a good one. But before we get into it, remember, I said it's hugely controversial for many reasons and you will get to know as we start talking about it. But first of all, a reminder, this is not for the faint-hearted. If you are very uptight, if you get easily offended, perhaps stop listening to this. Yeah, this one… it's very easy to get offended by if you have certain views. So listen with caution. Let's jump right into it. Since I proposed it, so I'm gonna just very quickly gave a background. So the Book of Mormon, you know that this musical is actually created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone, the brilliant minds behind South Park. South Park, yes. Again, another controversial thing. It seems to be there their cornerstone. South Park《南方公园》是1997年由特雷帕克和马特斯通制作的动画，至今已经有25季。《南方公园》虽然是一个卡通片，但它是拍给成年人看的，反过来又用了孩子作为主角，经常通过嫉妒夸张的模仿与巨大的脑洞，来讽刺、映射美国文化和社会问题。 Do you like South Park? I do. I like the controversy but more so I like the fairness. People get offended by South Park because of what it talks about. But I think it's completely fair because it makes fun of everything. Everyone. Nothing, nothing is off limits, no one is out of bounds. And I think that just makes it a good comedy because you know what you're going to get and everybody gets the same. The Book of Mormon它是由写南方公园的这两个人写的, Trey Parker and Matt Stone. So I always tell people if you want to know if you would like the Book of Mormon, watch South Park first. South Park has a lot of music bits as well. It does. If you can get on board with those then you definitely have no problem with the Book of Mormon, you would be able to appreciate it. If you find those really offensive, really dirty, then don't go and see the Book of Mormon because you are going to be in for a shock. It is really out there, both of them, the show South Park and the musical the Book of Mormon are really out there in the comedy and the sense of humor that they have and show. So first things first, why is it called the Book of Mormon? There is actually a thing, the Book of Mormon is a real thing, it's also obviously the name of this musical, it’s about Mormons or the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 摩门教可能有很多人听说过. By the way, Oliver, have you ever heard of the Mormon Church? I have, yes. I've met a few of them once before, very polite people, the group I met anyway, the family I met were very polite. But we don't have, there's not a huge following of the Mormon Church or the Latter-day Saints in the UK. It’s much more centered in the US. Yeah, but even in the US they're not like… they’re minority, anyway. No, they are in minority, but they do have a larger presence in the US than in the UK. It's a very small group in the UK. On the surface, it looks like this musical is making fun of the Mormon Church, because it's centered around these characters they’re all Mormons.

【Geek Time】-“极客”时间，和“科技宅”Brad一起聊神秘有趣的“黑科技”“高科技”“硬科技”。欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~ Welcome back to Geek Time. This is Geek time Advanced. We were talking about cosplay, LuLu, and you mentioned that you've cosplayed before, any chances you're going to tell us what you did before? Are we still on that? OK. I’m not going to be very specific because I actually did multiple characters. Maybe in the future, as I’m doing more videos now, maybe in the future I will do more, but usually it's this kind of really dark femme fatale characters and with some animalistic elements, but that's all I’m going to say now. Just wait for my future videos. Alright, look forward to that. So anyhow, let's get into more cosplay talk. Mhm. In the basic episode, we talked more about the costumes; but it's not just the costume, it’s a lot of props like weapons, other items like accessories...all of these. For sure. Especially nowadays with like some people are getting into like old style blacksmithing and everything like that. They're like building like realistic versions of weapons. But a lot of times people just use foam and plastic and things like that to make their weapons look realistic. People are adding like LED lights to make their weapons light up and things like that. Yeah. There's a lot of different variation people are using like realistic weapons and some of them… Actually, I don't know about YouTube, but on Bilibili, recently, there are few people who are just like you said there. I’m not sure if they're blacksmith, but they are these craftsmen. They're really into this and they are trying to make these very realistic looking like katanas or like sword from specific anime. And some of them not just light up, they can, for example, they can when you pull it out, it has it like there's fire coming out. It's really cool. I’ve seen something like that. There's a particular YouTuber that does a lot of videos like that. He's made an actual version of Mjolnir which is Thor's Hammer. He put a magnet on it, and so if he puts the hammer down on something metallic, it will magnetize to it and people won't be able to lift it. But he's got a special ring that when he puts his hand on, Mjolnir, disengage the magnet and he can lift it up. So people are really like what's going on? Wow. That is really smart. I love that, it is really smart. And also the light saber is one of those that has been made over and over again. Yeah, they haven't like done like the actual representation of like the ones we see in the movies. But they've done ones with like battery packs that you get kind of like in the extended Star Wars universe. But they have like all these things. There's an anime called Attack on Titan. And they have these swords that the blades can come off, because the blades often get stuck in things. And so you have like a pack of like seven different swords, but you have to use the same handle over and over again. And someone made like swords that can do that. And so if you carry like a pack of these sword blades. You can just cut something and then retract the handle and get a new blade. I see. I mean there's so much creativity and so much like craftsmanship in this. I’m thoroughly amazed, but that brings actually one question. Remember last time we said a lot of people would dress up and the whole gear and they would go to like a Comic-con, wouldn't that be really dangerous if everyone's like wielding real sword and katana? Some people do bring real weapons and it depends on the policy of the location that they’re holding the convention in, but they often do something called peace bonding and that means you like put something on the sword. .. 【Geek Time】-“极客”时间，和“科技宅”Brad一起聊神秘有趣的“黑科技”“高科技”“硬科技”。欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~

《小酒馆·大世界》-世界各处的文化和精彩，在小酒馆触手可得哦~ 欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~ Hi again and welcome back. So what's the weather like in your city？Has it been raining, very humid, or just suffocatingly hot? Right now we are experiencing the height of summer. And if I ask you on a typical summer day like this, what is that one treat you absolutely crave? Something you fell in love with when you were a child; something cold, sweet, creamy and just tastes like a little piece of heaven. I'm sure for a lot of you, the answer will be ice cream. In English there's a popular line of lyrics says I scream, you scream, we all scream for ice cream, which pretty much shows that love of ice cream is shared across the globe. But do you actually know your ice cream？ In today's episode, we're going to explore the world of ice cream and all the other relevant summer treats. We're gonna take a look at different types of ice cream or frozen desserts, how to order ice cream and many interesting expressions and facts you probably didn't know before. So if you have a sweet tooth, this episode is definitely for you. 今天的酒馆里璐璐给大家奉上满满的冰品冰饮,一起体验炎炎夏日的冰凉甜蜜. If you go into any supermarket or convenience store,there are so many choices when it comes to frozen desserts. But if you ask someone to use English to describe it, most people only know the word ice cream. However, ice cream just doesn't really cover the wide variety of all these frozen treats. First of all, let's take a look at some of the most popular types of frozen desserts and I put them into two categories. The first category is those with more cream. If you like a creamier taste, this category is more for you. So we start with the basics in this category, ice cream bar. 这就是我们传统意义上说的雪糕. Frozen dessert on a stick, usually with chocolate coating. So the ice cream is wrapped within a thin layer of chocolate, it's to prevent the ice cream from melting. One typical example that comes to mind is Magnum 梦龙, by the way, they are now getting really expensive. If ice cream bar is not enough for you, why not try ice cream sandwich？ As the name suggests, this is a dessert that sandwich has a layer of ice cream between two cookies or two thin cake-like layers, 冰淇淋三明治. I see it quite often in the UK, somehow in Beijing they are not as popular. And for a special occasion many people would also order ice cream cake. They are great but they don't really keep that well. Going into a restaurant, cafe or just a fast food joint, many people would order sundae,喜欢吃冰激凌的小伙伴肯定都吃过圣代Sundae. It's a direct translation.

【Geek Time】-“极客”时间，和“科技宅”Brad一起聊神秘有趣的“黑科技”“高科技”“硬科技”。欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~ Hi, everyone. And welcome back to Geek Time. Hi, Brad. Hey, Lulu. Usually I would ask what are we gonna talk about today, Brad. But I thought you have been coming up with very technical topics. So today let me propose one that is not so much geeky but nerdy, cosplay. All right, sounds good. I like cosplay. I mean you're into comic books, you're into all of these and animation, so I thought this would be a topic for you as well. Yeah, I'm definitely into comic books, animate all that so I'm definitely into the cosplay. OK, so let's start with the definition. What is cosplay? If you just look at like the basic definition as nowadays people often see it as dressing up as a character from anime or comic books, but it doesn't have to be just limited to that. It could be just about any fictional character out there. Actually cosplay this word as we know it is from Japanese and I know, Brad, you're in Japan right now. How would you pronounce it in Japanese? コスプレ/ kosupure. It's from two words costume and play. Well, it can't make this clearer, it’s just you dress up in costume and you play. Yeah. But like you said it's basically now it can be any type of fictional characters right like movie, for example, now they're showing drastic world three so technically I can dress up as a dinosaur and call that cosplay. You definitely could, that would be a very difficult costume to put together but could definitely you go for it. And although some people are doing it professionally, they’re probably get paid for it or they can sell the end products like a finished film or finished photos, but most people do it for fun. Yeah. Like nowadays especially I would say the vast majority of people are doing it just for fun. There's a very small group of people that do it professionally and get paid to go to conventions. But the vast majority of people are just creating costumes and doing it for themselves. Let’s do a very simple step by step Guide how to do it say if you don’t have anything, don’t have any experience how to start cosplay. Well, if you don't have any experience making a costume, one of the things you can do is just go online and buy a costume. They're usually pretty cheap and depending upon where you buy them, the quality can be decent. There are a lot of cheaper costumes, so you have to watch out because some of them might fall apart after like a use or two. But you can definitely buy them online or you can make them yourself. The really shoddy ones. But you gotta have tailoring skills, that’s not something that everyone can do really to make your own costume, especially considering some of the costumes are hugely elaborate, usually complex. Yeah, people usually when they first start out, they'll choose a costume that's much easier to make where they can like maybe buy a shirt and then just make some modifications to the shirt to look like that anime character. Like if you look at Charlie Brown, for example, he's got a yellow shirt with a black stripe on it and some people will just buy yellow T-shirt and then use a marker or paint dye or something to put that diagonal on it, yeah. I'm just thinking who's gonna cosplay Charlie Brown. I brought up Charlie Brown because I've seen Charlie Brown cosplay before. Wow, that is strange. Anyhow but I mean in China it has been getting bigger this whole trend this cosplay trend. So you see some professional quite professional studios on for example Taobao. So you can send them pictures or tell them which character you want and for quite relatively high price they can make it as close to the original costume as possible. So it's kind of like customized or even bespoke costume. For sure. 【Geek Time】-“极客”时间，和“科技宅”Brad一起聊神秘有趣的“黑科技”“高科技”“硬科技”。欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~

关注【璐璐的英文小酒馆】获取全文稿哦~ Another thing that is quite important about reading literature is to really train your critical thinking skills. Because in these stories, nothing is just black or white. You don't have one person who is definitely the villain, or one person who's definitely the hero. These stories, these books, they represent the complexities of human life. 对, 人性很复杂的, 其实有时候我觉得挺遗憾的就是 Now you see sometimes the stories are so simplified. It's like when you look at one character and you say he's a bad person, so everything about him is bad. Literature should not be like that. Every character, good characters, good books should really be round, they should have different aspects about them. 就是说经典的文学里面, 所有的角色应该是比较复杂的, 全面的这样有血有肉的角色, 而不只是一个扁平化的脸谱型的角色。 Hm. So now you might ask there are actually many of these courses, like reading courses, 其实市面上还有很多这种什么名著, 包括某一本书这样的课程. Why is our course a bit different？ I would say first of all, we don't just have the regular classics like Jane Eyre, Pride and Prejudice, which I'm sure you've all read, and they are all great books. Don't get me wrong. 就是我们选书的时候首先没有选那种就是说在中国读者这边就已经被说烂了的, 比如说什么 Jane Eyre, I’ve actually never read Jane Eyre. Neither do I. And personally, I’m not that crazy about Jane Austen or about Bronte Sisters because they've just been talked about so much. So what we want to do with this course is we want to introduce some books, they're pretty much known by everyone in the English speaking world, even if they’ve not read them, but they're known about, but they're not necessarily the most famous books here in China. 我们最开始在选择【英文名著扫盲班】第一季这10本书的书单的时候, 我跟安澜讨论了很久, 就找了一些这种在中国并不是大红大紫的, 或者被讨论了很多年的这种书, 但是这10本书又确实是在所有的英语世界的榜单里面都是在很前面的。 Usually top 10, top 20. Yep, and also our rule of thumb is if they are constantly referenced or parodied in TV shows or movies, then they're on the list. 还有一个就是经常会在英语国家的电视电影, 包括动画作品里面, 如果你经常能听到 cultural reference对它们的一些玩梗, 包括reference and parody恶搞, then they are on the list, because they are that popular. But we’ve also chosen stories and books that are quite varied in their themes or styles or genres. Because people are very different, right？One person might like reading this type of stories, another person might prefer something completely different. Yep. I have to admit there's one or two books on our list that probably not my favorites. We have our differences. Exactly. But we talk about books like To Kill a Mocking Bird, and we discuss racism and the background of the Civil Rights Movement; we also talk about Catcher in the Rye, and books that have been banned in schools. 《麦田里的守望者》就是禁书的榜首这样的书, 还有刚才安澜说了To Kill a Mocking Bird,《杀死一只知更鸟》会谈到种族冲突和平权的运动. And also 安澜has chosen personally Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy. Yes, that's actually one of my favorite books, but again very well known, it was originally a radio show, that has been made into a TV show and it's been made into a film as well. It has been parodied a lot, and you do see it as pop cultural references. It is science fiction. And it's totally absurd. It's essentially as a comedy. And also that, we know a lot of our listeners are students, you might be university students or even high school students. So you're just transitioning into your adulthood, you're becoming an adult. So we've also chosen a couple of the coming of age stories like Lord of the Flies, Little Women. And Treasure Island. 比如说我们还专门找了几本这种成长型的coming of age stories, 比如说《蝇王》或者说《小妇人》, 包括安澜说的《金银岛》, they are all touching upon the coming of age theme.

关注***【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获得全文稿哦。 Hi everyone. Great news, we have a new course for you. Yeah. 我们的新课程【英文名著扫盲班】上线了, 璐璐和安澜陪你读英语国家家喻户晓的10本经典，带你走进10个风格迥异, 但都精彩非常的故事。 So安澜, the English name for this course is called Bluffer's Guide to Literature, why Bluffer’s Guide? We chose the name Bluff’s Guide because we understand that you might be a bit busy, or you might not have the time, or you might not even be able to find the book. So instead of actually having to read the entire book, well we hope you do read the book, we hope that this course will give you enough knowledge to bluff other people. So if someone asks you or makes a reference about these books, you know enough about the book to carry on the conversation. 其实就是下回别人再谈起来, 或者说提到这些经典里面的桥段, 你至少可以装一下。 Yes. We're not just excited because we have this new course, but also because this new course is something that ,安澜 and I, we've been trying to do for ages. We both love literature, we both love reading, we love books, everything to do with books. Or basically big book nerds or book warms. We are pretty nerdy when it comes to books. 我跟安澜都是那种书虫属性的。 So I thought in this intro for our new course, you can talk a little bit about our experiences with books, and why literature matters. Lulu, tell me why do you like book so much？Why do you like reading so much. All right, this goes back to when I was really little. You know how parents would tell little kids bed time stories, 家长都会给小孩讲那种***故事, but when I was a little, I wouldn't fall asleep listening to those stories, I get even more excited. So I'd be like, my mom was falling asleep, then I said, mom wake up what happen next? And then eventually I just lost the patience and I taught myself how to read so that I can read stories, I would say that was the beginning of my very long romance with books, and then I started reading books and I never stopped. What type of books? For me, really my primary interest, I know this doesn't sound like very in-depth or intellectual, I love mystery, suspense, crime, detective sort of books. Ah yes, Agatha Christie, Sherlock Holmes… Hm, the classics, but also lots of other styles. I have never been interested in romance. What about you？ I'm not very interested in romance, but I was saying my situation is probably quite similar. My stories are quite similar to yours. I love Eden. When I was younger, my dad would tell me stories from history, the Greek myth, for example. So I was constantly hearing all of these stories. And when I was younger, it actually took me a little bit longer to learn how to speak than other kids. And my parents actually say that I learned how to read before I learned how to speak. Maybe you just didn't want to speak because books are so fascinating. They are friends. Pretty much. I was always in the library, I was always taking out books, and I was always getting into trouble for library fines because I would like the book so much that I wouldn't want to give it back. You’d just keep the books. I would just keep the books, and every so often I’d to go to my mom to beg her to pay off the library fine. I see. But what about your first experience reading any books in another language, I mean, for me, it's obviously English, but for you it's, I don't know, German? Yes, I would say the first books I read in a foreign language were in German. So I read some of the German classics, like 20th century literature; and I also used to read German newspapers and magazines, I can't do that now, my German is terrible. But then I went on to Latin and Greek, because I studied that at university; and then finally to Chinese. 安澜的外文阅读就听起来都很高大上, 什么德文经典, 拉丁文的经典。

微信公众号: 【璐璐的英文小酒馆】 Hi, everyone. Welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】. Hi, 安澜. Hi. Lulu. Hi, everyone. So in the previous episode we were focusing on nature documentaries, especially those made by BBC. In this episode, let's move on to history documentaries which I know you love. I love history documentaries. I just love absolutely everything about history. In this we’re so different because history has got to be one of my biggest headaches when I was in school. I think the reason why I didn't like history is because I thought it was so boring. It was mostly about memorizing dates and names and facts. Yeah, I know that a lot of people they learn history that way, but when I was at school and also outside of school as well, I learned history by the stories and that's the thing that I found really fun is that there's so many stories, it’s not just names of kings or queens or emperors. They are actual people, they’re the stories behind all of these grand events in history. This is what I said about, I've recently started to get into documentaries because some of these great documentaries they really bring history to life. I know we're gonna be talking about BBC documentaries, but I can even see that now in China there's some really great history documentaries that do bring history to life. Yeah, it's not just this really like very rigid structure and almost like textbook materials. This is the thing, they start to do things like docudrama or like reenactment就是那种场景再现. Docudrama就是documentary和drama拼在一起的. So they would hire actual actors to act as these famous historical figures. That is also very popular in the UK. Very very popular. One of the…ones I liked the most is a bit old now is called Days that Shook the World. Yes I love that. Days that Shook the World, when I was watching it, I did not even think I was watching documentary. Yep. Because it's just a very simple premise. Basically it's one day that's really meant to us in history and they go through it step by step, so minute by minute. And they get actors and actresses to act as these people. It's really gripping. Yes, it is. And it's different from a drama because as you say it's a docudrama, so it's really authentic, it's very close to the original. This is one trend of trying to make it into a docudrama. The other trend I don't know if you would agree with me is that you see a lot of scholars but they are not your conventional scholars or just like being very serious and giving you all these theories. Yeah. In the UK, I would say one of the most famous scholars who appears in these history documentaries is Mary Beard. (温妮弗莱德·玛丽·比尔德爵士（Dame Winifred Mary Beard）英国著名古典学家，剑桥大学古典学教授。) Mary beard. Is she the one who's doing like ancient Rome? Yes, she's a professor of classics at Cambridge University. But she's not the typical Cambridge don and she's not dry or boring. She's actually really passionate about her subject. ( don, see also donnish, a teacher at a university, especially Oxford or Cambridge （尤指牛津大学和剑桥大学的）大学教师) Honestly, my stereotype of an Oxford or Cambridge academic is someone who's very elitist, speak with a posh accent, and just like, basically saying ‘I'm gonna teach you this, and I know you wouldn't understand.’ Yeah, pretty much, that's one thing I really like about this particular presenter is that she makes it really engaging. She brings ancient history down to earth. So she talks about things like graffiti. She talks about how Romans go to the toilet. Yeah, I remember watching bits of it when she was going around all these ruins in Rome and introducing the artifacts. And I think you could really see passion in her eyes. But she really isn't a TV figure. I don't like judging people's appearance but I'm not even talking about appearance but more like she doesn't really do like all these makeup or grooming and all that, she's got hair all over the place. 关注【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，查询全文文稿。

"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！ 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~" Today's Buzzword is going to be very special. It is not an expression that we would use on a daily basis, but it is one of the hottest discussion topics in the past few days. 相信很多人都知道几天之前美国发生了一件大事儿, 这件事情不仅让英文的媒体炸开了锅, 在中文的媒体和社交平台上也受到了广泛的关注. 而这条新闻有一个核心的概念, 也就是我们今天的Buzzword, 那就是Roe v. Wade. 中文的翻译比较拗口, 叫做“罗诉韦德案”. So in today's Buzzword, we're gonna get into the basics of Roe v. Wade and why it is such a big deal？ The actual Roe v. Wade is a legal case. 如果你看过美剧里的庭审的场景, 肯定会对这个表达不陌生. 这种X v. Y的表达一般作为某一个诉讼的简称, X v. Y就是 “X 诉Y”, 这也是为什么在中文里我们把它翻译成 “罗诉韦德案”. So who is Roe and who is Wade？ For this we need to go back in time. In 1969, Norma McCorvey, a Texas woman in her early 20s, sought to terminate an unwanted pregnancy. 话说在1969年, 美国德州有一位叫Norma McCorvey的二十几岁的女性, 她意外怀孕了, 然后想要堕胎. McCorvey, who had grown up in difficult, impoverished circumstances, previously had given birth twice and given up both children for adoption. 她的经济条件很差, 之前生过两个孩子都因为无力抚养, 只能把孩子送给别人领养. At the time of McCorvey’s pregnancy in 1969, abortion was legal in Texas, but only for the purpose of saving a woman's life. 当时她所住的德克萨斯州对于堕胎的法律是: 除非是危及到孕妇生命的情况, 不然堕胎一律不合法. So in that kind of situations, American women with the money, they could get abortion by traveling to other countries or pay a large fee to a US doctor willing to secretly perform an abortion. 对于当时的美国女性来讲, 如果你有足够的经济条件, 你可以到堕胎合法的其他国家去进行手术, 或者是在美国本地找一个愿意秘密违法进行堕胎的医生. 但对于McCorvey这样经济条件的人来说, 她并没有办法在经济上承担这样的选择. So after trying unsuccessfully to get an illegal abortion, McCorvey was referred to Texas attorneys Linda Coffee and Sarah Weddington, who were interested in challenging anti-abortion laws. 这个时候就有人给她介绍了两位律师愿意帮她打这个官司, 针对德州反堕胎的法律提出质疑. 在法庭的记录里, 给McCorvey的化名就是Jane Roe, 这就是“罗诉韦德”里的“罗”. So in 1970, the attorneys filed a lawsuit on behalf of McCorvey against Henry Wade, the district attorney of Dallas County where McCorvey lived. 所以1970年这两位律师就提起诉讼状告当时McCorvey所居住的德州达拉斯的地区检察官Henry Wade, 认为德州禁止堕胎的法律, violated McCorvey’s constitutional right to privacy, 侵犯到了美国宪法赋予McCorvey的隐私权. 这里的Henry Wade也就是“罗素韦德案”里的“韦德”. The case eventually reached the US Supreme Court, and Supreme Court made a ruling in a 7-2 decision, struck down the Texas law banning abortion. 这个诉讼案最终是到达了美国的联邦最高法院. 在1973年联邦高院的9位大法官以7:2的多数裁定判定McCorvey, 也就是“罗”胜诉. To be more specific, the court divided pregnancy into three trimesters. 更具体的来讲, 法院裁定把整个的pregnancy分成三个孕期, three trimesters, 每个孕期大概三个月; And declared that the choice to end a pregnancy in the first trimester was solely up to the woman. 前三个月, 也就是第一个孕期, 完全由怀孕的女性自身决定是否进行人工流产; In the second trimester, the government would regulate abortion, although not ban it, in order to protect the mother’s health. 第二个孕期为了保护孕妇本人的健康. 政府可以对堕胎进行一定的管控, 但是也不会完全禁止. In the third trimester, the state could prohibit abortion to protect a fetus that could survive on its own outside the womb, except when a woman’s health was in danger. 到了第三个孕期, 由于这个时候的胎儿如果脱离母体, 已经可以独立存活. 为了保证他们的生命权, 政府才会禁止堕胎. 除非有特殊情况证明, 如果不终止妊娠会危及到孕妇的生命. So that was the legacy of Roe v. Wade. "欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！ 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~"

公号: 【璐璐的英文小酒馆】 查音频节目文稿，了解广阔的世界。跟随我们的脚步，体会英语的温度。 Hi, everyone. Welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】. 嗨，安澜. Hi, Lulu. Hi, everyone. You know, in the beginning of the segment, I always asked you what we gonna talk about today, but how about I propose a topic? Oh, brilliant. Finally, the pressure is off me. And you're definitely gonna love this topic. Woo! So let me ask you a question first. When it comes to TV and film, what is your favorite genre? I would say documentaries. Yes, let's talk about documentaries. Ok, it’s brilliant. Particularly BBC documentaries. I know BBC has made a lot of documentaries. Yes. And you pretty much watched all of them. Pretty much. I do love documentaries. I only started to get into documentaries in recent years. Before I thought them as a bit boring, they're just not as exciting as your fictional stories. But how can you say that. Real life is just so much more fascinating than anything in the TV drama or TV series. There's so many amazing things in the world. And there's so much history, nature, and all those stories behind those as well. I guess that's what they say, real life is often stranger than fiction. Pretty much. Is that why you like documentaries? You mentioned nature and history. YES. Those are pretty common themes for documentaries. Those are the ones I really like. So for nature, it's the amazing wildlife, it's the calm but also exciting parts as well. For example, you see lions in Africa, you see birds in Antarctica, etc, etc, it’s just amazing to see all of these different forms of wildlife around some of the most beautiful scenery in the world. BBC documentaries, especially nature documentaries, got amazing filming, absolutely stunning imageries. And history, I remember talking to you about this before, I guess that's also the reason why I started to get into documentary, it’s when real life kind of gets really stressful and you feel like you're stuck and you watch some of the history documentaries, and you think human beings, each one of us is just so unimportant when you think about it in historical terms. The thing about history is that pretty much anything that has happened or will happen has happened maybe thousands of years ago. And again and again And again and again. That's, I would say, that's one of the great things, but also one of the bad things about humans is that we're always constantly repeating our triumphs, but we also repeat our mistakes as well. .... 关注【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，查看更多精彩内容。

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ In the beginning of the show, she's constantly shooting videos about her experience in the Jurassic Park. And then you have Yasmina or Yas who is a teen athlete, extremely fit, she's been training for years and she always shines when there's a need for speed and agility. The last one is Sammy, Sammy is full of energy, is one of those people that has such a bubbly personality that she's always able to cheer everyone up. So these are the characters, pretty stereotypical, right？The story line is very simple. These six teenagers, the original plan was they would go to this camp at the Jurassic Park. And they would enjoy a fascinating camp experience, seeing all the dinosaurs doing all the activities. But then you know as with any of the Jurassic movies, things go horribly wrong. And these teenagers were left on the island, having to survive and defending themselves, and trying to eventually get off the island. So that's pretty much the background of the story. And of course the biggest story line is about dinosaurs. So let's take a look at dinosaurs. The word dinosaur was coined by sir Richard Owen in 1841 to describe the fossils of these reptiles. So he came up with the word dinosaur combining the Greek words “deinos”, which means terrible, and “sauros”, which means lizard, terrible lizards, 恐怖的蜥蜴, and there you have dinosaur. The study of dinosaurs belongs to the field of Paleontology. If you watch Friends you’d know that, that's Ross’ field. The dinosaurs lived in the Mesozoic era, Mesozoic era中生代被称为the age of dinosaurs, because dinosaurs were the dominant species of the age, that was about 252 to 66 million years ago. Mesozoic era included three consecutive geological time periods. 中生代又分为三个季Triassic period 三叠纪, Jurassic period 侏罗纪, and Cretaceous period白垩纪, whenever we watch any movies within the Jurassic franchise, what most of us are interested in are dinosaurs themselves. What types of dinosaurs are we seeing？ There are many ways to categorize dinosaurs, the basic ones by what they eat, like other species, we can categorize dinosaurs as carnivore, the meat eaters, 肉食; Herbivore, the plant eaters, 植食; and Omnivore, the everything eater, 杂食. Dinosaurs who eat other animals can be called predators, 掠食者. And if no one can eat them or hunt them in the food chain then they are Apex predator, 顶级掠食者. Any animals they hunt are called prey. But then obviously there are more complex ways to categorize dinosaurs. So the two major categories that most dinosaurs seem to fall into are Saurischians, meaning lizard hipped, and Ornithischian or bird hipped. 按照更专业的分类, 恐龙主要的两大类分别是Saurischians 蜥臀目也叫龙盘目, and Ornithischian鸟豚木, 或者叫鸟盘木. Let's start with Saurischians . Under Saurischians, there are two major sub categories. The first category is called Theropods beast-footed. 在龙盘目或者蜥臀目下面有两个主要的亚目, 第一个是Theropods 兽脚亚目, they tend to be meat eaters, they have powerful legs and short arms. Any particular dinosaur comes to mind. Yes, the tyrannosaurus暴龙. Let’s face it, it simply wouldn't be a good dinosaur movie if it doesn't have tyrannosaurus in it. But it's not just a tyrannosaurus, pretty much all these fake scary creatures that appear in the Jurassic franchise and also more specifically in this TV series, belong to the Theropods category. 可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~

欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！ 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~ In today's Buzzword Mix, our buzzword is Upcycling. Just by hearing this word, you might be able to guess that upcycling has something to do with recycling, upcycling also known as creative reuse. By definition, upcycle means to recycle or reuse something in a way that increases the original object’s value. Upcycling中文翻译成“升级再造”, 也就是把已经用旧了或者不能用的东西加入一点想象力和创造力, 把它升级再造成一个新的东西, 以实现物品材料循环再利用的目的. In short, upcycling is taking something old and creating something new. Now you might be asking since there is upcycling, is there downcycling？ Of course, the best way to understand upcycling is actually to compare it to downcycling. Both are types of recycling. Downcycling is the kind of recycling we usually think of. 其实说到downcycling有的时候被翻译成降级再造, 也就是我们传统上理解的这种循环回收, 再利用Recycling. This is, for example, recycling paper or plastic, these materials are broken down and reused to create a product that is considered less valuable than the original. 在这种传统的降级再利用里, 一般就是把材料回收之后, 通过再次的加工生产出一个价值较低的产品. For example, most recycled paper like old newspapers is considered to be lower grade paper. 比如说回收的旧报纸之类的纸类就会被recycle或者downcycle成一些品质要求较低的纸制品. And by contrast, upcycling is the same process of free using old materials, but it creates something more valuable or of a higher quality. For example, it might include using materials from plastic bottles to make new shoes or reclaimed wood to make quality furniture. 而对比之下, upcycling升级再造就指的是在循环再造的过程中, 会通过创意和设计让被回收的旧物或者旧材料拥有更高的价值. 比如说用回收的塑料瓶做成鞋子, 或者把回收的木材做成高品质的家具. Essentially the difference between downcycling and upcycling is that downcycling creates a lower grade version of the same thing; and upcycling transforms old materials into a new different high quality item. Another reason why upcycling is pretty popular is because it supports a circular economy. Upcycling升级再造这个风潮之所以会火起来, 还有一个原因是因为它有利于circular economy, 循环经济. This is a system in which goods are used and reused multiple times rather than getting discarded or thrown away after one use. This system is more sustainable because it relies on using what we already have rather than constantly creating new products out of new materials. 这种循环经济就跟我们现在都在关心的sustainability, sustainable living, 可持续的生活方式息息相关. The idea of upcycling started in mid 90s, and there are some clear benefits of it. The first one is upcycling minimizes the extraction of natural resources. 首先升级再造upcycling可以最大程度地减少对于自然资源的使用. When you upcycle something, you reduce the need to extract raw materials or create synthetic materials because you already have what you need. 因为upcycle用的都是现成就已经有的回收再利用的东西, 所以既不需要使用更多的原材料, 也不需要去生产更多的合成材料. Think about how many trees we can save if all our furniture is made with pre-used wood. The second benefit upcycling can bring is that it reduces landfill waste. Upcycling的第二个好处是可以减少垃圾填埋. It saves your original product from a fate in the landfill. Even if the original product is recyclable, plastic can only be downcycled once or twice before the product breaks down. And eventually these recyclables still end up in landfill which can be harmful, especially if they aren't biodegradable. 虽然我们平时扔垃圾的时候会注意可回收和不可回收, 可是那种downcycling的回收通常都有一个限度, 比如塑料制品一般来说downcycle一两次最后还是要被丢到垃圾填埋区, 就会造成很大的污染. But with upcycling, you don't actually throw things away or break them down. You are turning them into something that can be used and can last much longer. And a third benefit is less manufacturing, less carbon emission. 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~

《知乎哲也》板块，由受到大家喜爱的哲学小哥TJ和主播璐璐一起探讨哲学那些事儿~ 公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】可以搜索英语全文稿哦~ Hi, everyone. And welcome back to 【Let's Philosophize】.欢迎回来《知乎哲也》. Hi, TJ. Hey, Lulu. Good to see you again. Good to see you. TJ, I know that every time you ask me a question to start our discussion, can I ask you a question this time? Yeah, of course, go ahead. Have you been following up on one of the top trending news on Chinese social media about what happened in Tangshan? Yeah, I’ve seen the video, and I’ve read a few different opinions online, a lot of people have been talking about it. One topic that has come up is the topic of self-defense, should we do it, how should we do it, and how much should we do it? So I thought we can talk about self-defense from a philosophical point of view. Yeah, of course. It's good to look at these real life situations in philosophy because I know sometimes it's very abstract. And self-defense is a situation that we have to face on our own. The police, they can't be everywhere all the time, and I don't think we would want the police to be everywhere all the time either, that would make us uncomfortable. So it means there's always that chance that we meet these situations where we have to defend ourselves. And of course, there's the practical side of that, the martial arts and all different kinds of strategies that we can use to defend ourselves. But there's also the question of what should we do? You know, how should we treat people? Exactly. So when we talk about self-defense, it's always good to look at this from a moral point of view, in terms of what should we do if we want to be good people. And the first thing we can look at is the deservingness of the person. So should this person be harmed? We might say yes, sometimes we might say no. So if we use a simple example of hitting somebody, so I’m a reasonably healthy man, if a child hits me, most people would say that child does not deserve to be hit by me, right, that I can't just hit the child. Okay. Deservingness就是正当性. Should they be harmed? So you just give the example of a child, maybe also people who have mental illness? Right, mental illness or maybe even if they're very drunk, we changed the rules for people if they're drunk too. I’m not sure I agree with the drunk thing because that was actually one of the big issue here. Some people were mentioning in this incident that happened in China saying all these people were drunk, you know how drunk people are. But being drunk, if you are mentally all right, like if you're not mentally ill, then being drunk really shouldn't be your get out of jail free card. It shouldn't be your excuse. Exactly. I think there's different levels of drunkenness as well, just like mental health, if you feel a little bit down one day, that doesn't mean that you can do anything you want. And the same thing with drunkenness, I remember my sister punched me in the face when she was very, very drunk, but she also couldn't stand up at that point, she couldn't stand up straight, she didn't know where she was. So I think that these… in this case, I don't think we can say that these men were so drunk that they didn't know what they were doing, right? Yeah. I don't think they have that kind of excuse. They don't look mentally unhealthy to me. It seems like that they are normal adults, right, that we would expect them to behave better than what they did. 《知乎哲也》板块，由受到大家喜爱的哲学小哥TJ和主播璐璐一起探讨哲学那些事儿~ 公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】可以搜索英语全文稿哦~