关注***【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获得全文稿哦。 Hi everyone. Great news, we have a new course for you. Yeah. 我们的新课程【英文名著扫盲班】上线了, 璐璐和安澜陪你读英语国家家喻户晓的10本经典，带你走进10个风格迥异, 但都精彩非常的故事。 So安澜, the English name for this course is called Bluffer's Guide to Literature, why Bluffer’s Guide? We chose the name Bluff’s Guide because we understand that you might be a bit busy, or you might not have the time, or you might not even be able to find the book. So instead of actually having to read the entire book, well we hope you do read the book, we hope that this course will give you enough knowledge to bluff other people. So if someone asks you or makes a reference about these books, you know enough about the book to carry on the conversation. 其实就是下回别人再谈起来, 或者说提到这些经典里面的桥段, 你至少可以装一下。 Yes. We're not just excited because we have this new course, but also because this new course is something that ,安澜 and I, we've been trying to do for ages. We both love literature, we both love reading, we love books, everything to do with books. Or basically big book nerds or book warms. We are pretty nerdy when it comes to books. 我跟安澜都是那种书虫属性的。 So I thought in this intro for our new course, you can talk a little bit about our experiences with books, and why literature matters. Lulu, tell me why do you like book so much？Why do you like reading so much. All right, this goes back to when I was really little. You know how parents would tell little kids bed time stories, 家长都会给小孩讲那种***故事, but when I was a little, I wouldn't fall asleep listening to those stories, I get even more excited. So I'd be like, my mom was falling asleep, then I said, mom wake up what happen next? And then eventually I just lost the patience and I taught myself how to read so that I can read stories, I would say that was the beginning of my very long romance with books, and then I started reading books and I never stopped. What type of books? For me, really my primary interest, I know this doesn't sound like very in-depth or intellectual, I love mystery, suspense, crime, detective sort of books. Ah yes, Agatha Christie, Sherlock Holmes… Hm, the classics, but also lots of other styles. I have never been interested in romance. What about you？ I'm not very interested in romance, but I was saying my situation is probably quite similar. My stories are quite similar to yours. I love Eden. When I was younger, my dad would tell me stories from history, the Greek myth, for example. So I was constantly hearing all of these stories. And when I was younger, it actually took me a little bit longer to learn how to speak than other kids. And my parents actually say that I learned how to read before I learned how to speak. Maybe you just didn't want to speak because books are so fascinating. They are friends. Pretty much. I was always in the library, I was always taking out books, and I was always getting into trouble for library fines because I would like the book so much that I wouldn't want to give it back. You’d just keep the books. I would just keep the books, and every so often I’d to go to my mom to beg her to pay off the library fine. I see. But what about your first experience reading any books in another language, I mean, for me, it's obviously English, but for you it's, I don't know, German? Yes, I would say the first books I read in a foreign language were in German. So I read some of the German classics, like 20th century literature; and I also used to read German newspapers and magazines, I can't do that now, my German is terrible. But then I went on to Latin and Greek, because I studied that at university; and then finally to Chinese. 安澜的外文阅读就听起来都很高大上, 什么德文经典, 拉丁文的经典。

微信公众号: 【璐璐的英文小酒馆】 Hi, everyone. Welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】. Hi, 安澜. Hi. Lulu. Hi, everyone. So in the previous episode we were focusing on nature documentaries, especially those made by BBC. In this episode, let's move on to history documentaries which I know you love. I love history documentaries. I just love absolutely everything about history. In this we’re so different because history has got to be one of my biggest headaches when I was in school. I think the reason why I didn't like history is because I thought it was so boring. It was mostly about memorizing dates and names and facts. Yeah, I know that a lot of people they learn history that way, but when I was at school and also outside of school as well, I learned history by the stories and that's the thing that I found really fun is that there's so many stories, it’s not just names of kings or queens or emperors. They are actual people, they’re the stories behind all of these grand events in history. This is what I said about, I've recently started to get into documentaries because some of these great documentaries they really bring history to life. I know we're gonna be talking about BBC documentaries, but I can even see that now in China there's some really great history documentaries that do bring history to life. Yeah, it's not just this really like very rigid structure and almost like textbook materials. This is the thing, they start to do things like docudrama or like reenactment就是那种场景再现. Docudrama就是documentary和drama拼在一起的. So they would hire actual actors to act as these famous historical figures. That is also very popular in the UK. Very very popular. One of the…ones I liked the most is a bit old now is called Days that Shook the World. Yes I love that. Days that Shook the World, when I was watching it, I did not even think I was watching documentary. Yep. Because it's just a very simple premise. Basically it's one day that's really meant to us in history and they go through it step by step, so minute by minute. And they get actors and actresses to act as these people. It's really gripping. Yes, it is. And it's different from a drama because as you say it's a docudrama, so it's really authentic, it's very close to the original. This is one trend of trying to make it into a docudrama. The other trend I don't know if you would agree with me is that you see a lot of scholars but they are not your conventional scholars or just like being very serious and giving you all these theories. Yeah. In the UK, I would say one of the most famous scholars who appears in these history documentaries is Mary Beard. (温妮弗莱德·玛丽·比尔德爵士（Dame Winifred Mary Beard）英国著名古典学家，剑桥大学古典学教授。) Mary beard. Is she the one who's doing like ancient Rome? Yes, she's a professor of classics at Cambridge University. But she's not the typical Cambridge don and she's not dry or boring. She's actually really passionate about her subject. ( don, see also donnish, a teacher at a university, especially Oxford or Cambridge （尤指牛津大学和剑桥大学的）大学教师) Honestly, my stereotype of an Oxford or Cambridge academic is someone who's very elitist, speak with a posh accent, and just like, basically saying ‘I'm gonna teach you this, and I know you wouldn't understand.’ Yeah, pretty much, that's one thing I really like about this particular presenter is that she makes it really engaging. She brings ancient history down to earth. So she talks about things like graffiti. She talks about how Romans go to the toilet. Yeah, I remember watching bits of it when she was going around all these ruins in Rome and introducing the artifacts. And I think you could really see passion in her eyes. But she really isn't a TV figure. I don't like judging people's appearance but I'm not even talking about appearance but more like she doesn't really do like all these makeup or grooming and all that, she's got hair all over the place. 关注【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，查询全文文稿。

"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！ 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~" Today's Buzzword is going to be very special. It is not an expression that we would use on a daily basis, but it is one of the hottest discussion topics in the past few days. 相信很多人都知道几天之前美国发生了一件大事儿, 这件事情不仅让英文的媒体炸开了锅, 在中文的媒体和社交平台上也受到了广泛的关注. 而这条新闻有一个核心的概念, 也就是我们今天的Buzzword, 那就是Roe v. Wade. 中文的翻译比较拗口, 叫做“罗诉韦德案”. So in today's Buzzword, we're gonna get into the basics of Roe v. Wade and why it is such a big deal？ The actual Roe v. Wade is a legal case. 如果你看过美剧里的庭审的场景, 肯定会对这个表达不陌生. 这种X v. Y的表达一般作为某一个诉讼的简称, X v. Y就是 “X 诉Y”, 这也是为什么在中文里我们把它翻译成 “罗诉韦德案”. So who is Roe and who is Wade？ For this we need to go back in time. In 1969, Norma McCorvey, a Texas woman in her early 20s, sought to terminate an unwanted pregnancy. 话说在1969年, 美国德州有一位叫Norma McCorvey的二十几岁的女性, 她意外怀孕了, 然后想要堕胎. McCorvey, who had grown up in difficult, impoverished circumstances, previously had given birth twice and given up both children for adoption. 她的经济条件很差, 之前生过两个孩子都因为无力抚养, 只能把孩子送给别人领养. At the time of McCorvey’s pregnancy in 1969, abortion was legal in Texas, but only for the purpose of saving a woman's life. 当时她所住的德克萨斯州对于堕胎的法律是: 除非是危及到孕妇生命的情况, 不然堕胎一律不合法. So in that kind of situations, American women with the money, they could get abortion by traveling to other countries or pay a large fee to a US doctor willing to secretly perform an abortion. 对于当时的美国女性来讲, 如果你有足够的经济条件, 你可以到堕胎合法的其他国家去进行手术, 或者是在美国本地找一个愿意秘密违法进行堕胎的医生. 但对于McCorvey这样经济条件的人来说, 她并没有办法在经济上承担这样的选择. So after trying unsuccessfully to get an illegal abortion, McCorvey was referred to Texas attorneys Linda Coffee and Sarah Weddington, who were interested in challenging anti-abortion laws. 这个时候就有人给她介绍了两位律师愿意帮她打这个官司, 针对德州反堕胎的法律提出质疑. 在法庭的记录里, 给McCorvey的化名就是Jane Roe, 这就是“罗诉韦德”里的“罗”. So in 1970, the attorneys filed a lawsuit on behalf of McCorvey against Henry Wade, the district attorney of Dallas County where McCorvey lived. 所以1970年这两位律师就提起诉讼状告当时McCorvey所居住的德州达拉斯的地区检察官Henry Wade, 认为德州禁止堕胎的法律, violated McCorvey’s constitutional right to privacy, 侵犯到了美国宪法赋予McCorvey的隐私权. 这里的Henry Wade也就是“罗素韦德案”里的“韦德”. The case eventually reached the US Supreme Court, and Supreme Court made a ruling in a 7-2 decision, struck down the Texas law banning abortion. 这个诉讼案最终是到达了美国的联邦最高法院. 在1973年联邦高院的9位大法官以7:2的多数裁定判定McCorvey, 也就是“罗”胜诉. To be more specific, the court divided pregnancy into three trimesters. 更具体的来讲, 法院裁定把整个的pregnancy分成三个孕期, three trimesters, 每个孕期大概三个月; And declared that the choice to end a pregnancy in the first trimester was solely up to the woman. 前三个月, 也就是第一个孕期, 完全由怀孕的女性自身决定是否进行人工流产; In the second trimester, the government would regulate abortion, although not ban it, in order to protect the mother’s health. 第二个孕期为了保护孕妇本人的健康. 政府可以对堕胎进行一定的管控, 但是也不会完全禁止. In the third trimester, the state could prohibit abortion to protect a fetus that could survive on its own outside the womb, except when a woman’s health was in danger. 到了第三个孕期, 由于这个时候的胎儿如果脱离母体, 已经可以独立存活. 为了保证他们的生命权, 政府才会禁止堕胎. 除非有特殊情况证明, 如果不终止妊娠会危及到孕妇的生命. So that was the legacy of Roe v. Wade. "欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！ 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~"

公号: 【璐璐的英文小酒馆】 查音频节目文稿，了解广阔的世界。跟随我们的脚步，体会英语的温度。 Hi, everyone. Welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】. 嗨，安澜. Hi, Lulu. Hi, everyone. You know, in the beginning of the segment, I always asked you what we gonna talk about today, but how about I propose a topic? Oh, brilliant. Finally, the pressure is off me. And you're definitely gonna love this topic. Woo! So let me ask you a question first. When it comes to TV and film, what is your favorite genre? I would say documentaries. Yes, let's talk about documentaries. Ok, it’s brilliant. Particularly BBC documentaries. I know BBC has made a lot of documentaries. Yes. And you pretty much watched all of them. Pretty much. I do love documentaries. I only started to get into documentaries in recent years. Before I thought them as a bit boring, they're just not as exciting as your fictional stories. But how can you say that. Real life is just so much more fascinating than anything in the TV drama or TV series. There's so many amazing things in the world. And there's so much history, nature, and all those stories behind those as well. I guess that's what they say, real life is often stranger than fiction. Pretty much. Is that why you like documentaries? You mentioned nature and history. YES. Those are pretty common themes for documentaries. Those are the ones I really like. So for nature, it's the amazing wildlife, it's the calm but also exciting parts as well. For example, you see lions in Africa, you see birds in Antarctica, etc, etc, it’s just amazing to see all of these different forms of wildlife around some of the most beautiful scenery in the world. BBC documentaries, especially nature documentaries, got amazing filming, absolutely stunning imageries. And history, I remember talking to you about this before, I guess that's also the reason why I started to get into documentary, it’s when real life kind of gets really stressful and you feel like you're stuck and you watch some of the history documentaries, and you think human beings, each one of us is just so unimportant when you think about it in historical terms. The thing about history is that pretty much anything that has happened or will happen has happened maybe thousands of years ago. And again and again And again and again. That's, I would say, that's one of the great things, but also one of the bad things about humans is that we're always constantly repeating our triumphs, but we also repeat our mistakes as well. .... 关注【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，查看更多精彩内容。

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ In the beginning of the show, she's constantly shooting videos about her experience in the Jurassic Park. And then you have Yasmina or Yas who is a teen athlete, extremely fit, she's been training for years and she always shines when there's a need for speed and agility. The last one is Sammy, Sammy is full of energy, is one of those people that has such a bubbly personality that she's always able to cheer everyone up. So these are the characters, pretty stereotypical, right？The story line is very simple. These six teenagers, the original plan was they would go to this camp at the Jurassic Park. And they would enjoy a fascinating camp experience, seeing all the dinosaurs doing all the activities. But then you know as with any of the Jurassic movies, things go horribly wrong. And these teenagers were left on the island, having to survive and defending themselves, and trying to eventually get off the island. So that's pretty much the background of the story. And of course the biggest story line is about dinosaurs. So let's take a look at dinosaurs. The word dinosaur was coined by sir Richard Owen in 1841 to describe the fossils of these reptiles. So he came up with the word dinosaur combining the Greek words “deinos”, which means terrible, and “sauros”, which means lizard, terrible lizards, 恐怖的蜥蜴, and there you have dinosaur. The study of dinosaurs belongs to the field of Paleontology. If you watch Friends you’d know that, that's Ross’ field. The dinosaurs lived in the Mesozoic era, Mesozoic era中生代被称为the age of dinosaurs, because dinosaurs were the dominant species of the age, that was about 252 to 66 million years ago. Mesozoic era included three consecutive geological time periods. 中生代又分为三个季Triassic period 三叠纪, Jurassic period 侏罗纪, and Cretaceous period白垩纪, whenever we watch any movies within the Jurassic franchise, what most of us are interested in are dinosaurs themselves. What types of dinosaurs are we seeing？ There are many ways to categorize dinosaurs, the basic ones by what they eat, like other species, we can categorize dinosaurs as carnivore, the meat eaters, 肉食; Herbivore, the plant eaters, 植食; and Omnivore, the everything eater, 杂食. Dinosaurs who eat other animals can be called predators, 掠食者. And if no one can eat them or hunt them in the food chain then they are Apex predator, 顶级掠食者. Any animals they hunt are called prey. But then obviously there are more complex ways to categorize dinosaurs. So the two major categories that most dinosaurs seem to fall into are Saurischians, meaning lizard hipped, and Ornithischian or bird hipped. 按照更专业的分类, 恐龙主要的两大类分别是Saurischians 蜥臀目也叫龙盘目, and Ornithischian鸟豚木, 或者叫鸟盘木. Let's start with Saurischians . Under Saurischians, there are two major sub categories. The first category is called Theropods beast-footed. 在龙盘目或者蜥臀目下面有两个主要的亚目, 第一个是Theropods 兽脚亚目, they tend to be meat eaters, they have powerful legs and short arms. Any particular dinosaur comes to mind. Yes, the tyrannosaurus暴龙. Let’s face it, it simply wouldn't be a good dinosaur movie if it doesn't have tyrannosaurus in it. But it's not just a tyrannosaurus, pretty much all these fake scary creatures that appear in the Jurassic franchise and also more specifically in this TV series, belong to the Theropods category. 可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~

欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！ 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~ In today's Buzzword Mix, our buzzword is Upcycling. Just by hearing this word, you might be able to guess that upcycling has something to do with recycling, upcycling also known as creative reuse. By definition, upcycle means to recycle or reuse something in a way that increases the original object’s value. Upcycling中文翻译成“升级再造”, 也就是把已经用旧了或者不能用的东西加入一点想象力和创造力, 把它升级再造成一个新的东西, 以实现物品材料循环再利用的目的. In short, upcycling is taking something old and creating something new. Now you might be asking since there is upcycling, is there downcycling？ Of course, the best way to understand upcycling is actually to compare it to downcycling. Both are types of recycling. Downcycling is the kind of recycling we usually think of. 其实说到downcycling有的时候被翻译成降级再造, 也就是我们传统上理解的这种循环回收, 再利用Recycling. This is, for example, recycling paper or plastic, these materials are broken down and reused to create a product that is considered less valuable than the original. 在这种传统的降级再利用里, 一般就是把材料回收之后, 通过再次的加工生产出一个价值较低的产品. For example, most recycled paper like old newspapers is considered to be lower grade paper. 比如说回收的旧报纸之类的纸类就会被recycle或者downcycle成一些品质要求较低的纸制品. And by contrast, upcycling is the same process of free using old materials, but it creates something more valuable or of a higher quality. For example, it might include using materials from plastic bottles to make new shoes or reclaimed wood to make quality furniture. 而对比之下, upcycling升级再造就指的是在循环再造的过程中, 会通过创意和设计让被回收的旧物或者旧材料拥有更高的价值. 比如说用回收的塑料瓶做成鞋子, 或者把回收的木材做成高品质的家具. Essentially the difference between downcycling and upcycling is that downcycling creates a lower grade version of the same thing; and upcycling transforms old materials into a new different high quality item. Another reason why upcycling is pretty popular is because it supports a circular economy. Upcycling升级再造这个风潮之所以会火起来, 还有一个原因是因为它有利于circular economy, 循环经济. This is a system in which goods are used and reused multiple times rather than getting discarded or thrown away after one use. This system is more sustainable because it relies on using what we already have rather than constantly creating new products out of new materials. 这种循环经济就跟我们现在都在关心的sustainability, sustainable living, 可持续的生活方式息息相关. The idea of upcycling started in mid 90s, and there are some clear benefits of it. The first one is upcycling minimizes the extraction of natural resources. 首先升级再造upcycling可以最大程度地减少对于自然资源的使用. When you upcycle something, you reduce the need to extract raw materials or create synthetic materials because you already have what you need. 因为upcycle用的都是现成就已经有的回收再利用的东西, 所以既不需要使用更多的原材料, 也不需要去生产更多的合成材料. Think about how many trees we can save if all our furniture is made with pre-used wood. The second benefit upcycling can bring is that it reduces landfill waste. Upcycling的第二个好处是可以减少垃圾填埋. It saves your original product from a fate in the landfill. Even if the original product is recyclable, plastic can only be downcycled once or twice before the product breaks down. And eventually these recyclables still end up in landfill which can be harmful, especially if they aren't biodegradable. 虽然我们平时扔垃圾的时候会注意可回收和不可回收, 可是那种downcycling的回收通常都有一个限度, 比如塑料制品一般来说downcycle一两次最后还是要被丢到垃圾填埋区, 就会造成很大的污染. But with upcycling, you don't actually throw things away or break them down. You are turning them into something that can be used and can last much longer. And a third benefit is less manufacturing, less carbon emission. 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~

《知乎哲也》板块，由受到大家喜爱的哲学小哥TJ和主播璐璐一起探讨哲学那些事儿~ 公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】可以搜索英语全文稿哦~ Hi, everyone. And welcome back to 【Let's Philosophize】.欢迎回来《知乎哲也》. Hi, TJ. Hey, Lulu. Good to see you again. Good to see you. TJ, I know that every time you ask me a question to start our discussion, can I ask you a question this time? Yeah, of course, go ahead. Have you been following up on one of the top trending news on Chinese social media about what happened in Tangshan? Yeah, I’ve seen the video, and I’ve read a few different opinions online, a lot of people have been talking about it. One topic that has come up is the topic of self-defense, should we do it, how should we do it, and how much should we do it? So I thought we can talk about self-defense from a philosophical point of view. Yeah, of course. It's good to look at these real life situations in philosophy because I know sometimes it's very abstract. And self-defense is a situation that we have to face on our own. The police, they can't be everywhere all the time, and I don't think we would want the police to be everywhere all the time either, that would make us uncomfortable. So it means there's always that chance that we meet these situations where we have to defend ourselves. And of course, there's the practical side of that, the martial arts and all different kinds of strategies that we can use to defend ourselves. But there's also the question of what should we do? You know, how should we treat people? Exactly. So when we talk about self-defense, it's always good to look at this from a moral point of view, in terms of what should we do if we want to be good people. And the first thing we can look at is the deservingness of the person. So should this person be harmed? We might say yes, sometimes we might say no. So if we use a simple example of hitting somebody, so I’m a reasonably healthy man, if a child hits me, most people would say that child does not deserve to be hit by me, right, that I can't just hit the child. Okay. Deservingness就是正当性. Should they be harmed? So you just give the example of a child, maybe also people who have mental illness? Right, mental illness or maybe even if they're very drunk, we changed the rules for people if they're drunk too. I’m not sure I agree with the drunk thing because that was actually one of the big issue here. Some people were mentioning in this incident that happened in China saying all these people were drunk, you know how drunk people are. But being drunk, if you are mentally all right, like if you're not mentally ill, then being drunk really shouldn't be your get out of jail free card. It shouldn't be your excuse. Exactly. I think there's different levels of drunkenness as well, just like mental health, if you feel a little bit down one day, that doesn't mean that you can do anything you want. And the same thing with drunkenness, I remember my sister punched me in the face when she was very, very drunk, but she also couldn't stand up at that point, she couldn't stand up straight, she didn't know where she was. So I think that these… in this case, I don't think we can say that these men were so drunk that they didn't know what they were doing, right? Yeah. I don't think they have that kind of excuse. They don't look mentally unhealthy to me. It seems like that they are normal adults, right, that we would expect them to behave better than what they did. 《知乎哲也》板块，由受到大家喜爱的哲学小哥TJ和主播璐璐一起探讨哲学那些事儿~ 公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】可以搜索英语全文稿哦~

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hello everyone, and welcome back to America Under the Microscope, advanced episode. Hi Lulu. Hi, James. Let's continue our talk about text books and curriculum, and let's get into the more controversial issues related to textbooks in America. Oh, yes. I've heard about some of the issues. Yeah. So let's go and talk about some of that textbook content that people find to be questionable. As we talked about in the last episode, so the states choose the standards and the textbooks that can be used. But this also leads to political influence because different states have like different views of what should or should not be taught. Different political leanings. And this can reflect into the textbooks for use and what get taught. Good example of this in America would be the American Civil War. Oh, American Civil War, I thought now is pretty much settled like people have a generalized leaning on this, or people still disagree on which side should be supported? Well, in general you're not going to find people arguing that because slavery was bad. It's more of like in some states, more commonly in the Southeast will still frame it as like a war against Northern aggression. I see. Instead of a war about… Abandoning…abolishing slavery. So, I mean, they still talk about the abolishing slavery, but they also talk about some of the atrocities that the Northern armies did, and they focus more on that. They're not teaching incorrect information, but they're just skewing it and putting a kind of a spin on it. I think it was history textbooks, it’s always… perhaps it attracts more debates because history is one of those, the facts might be the same, but how you spin it, how you interpret it will directly affect people you are teaching. And the other subject that this is really noticeable in are biology and English. Biology and English? Yes. Biology, the big one in biology is evolution. Oh, yes, because there are people who don't believe in evolution. There are quite a few Americans, due to their religious beliefs, don't believe in evolution and don't want evolution to be taught in schools. Or if it is taught in schools, it needs to be taught alongside something called intelligent design. Intelligent design? Yeah, it's a religious idea. I don't quite understand it. But it is… Is it just creationism? Yean, it is, under a new term. Can I just clarify this? It is against law to teach students, directly teach students religion in public school, right? Yes, separation of church and states. So the schools cannot do any kind of religious activity or religious indoctrination in schools. What they can do is they can teach about the religions as in this is a religion, this is what people believe, this is where it is practiced as an you know just general cultural knowledge. But you cannot tell a student that is like there is one god, that you will get you fired. But now it sounds like you're saying people who are religious are saying if you teach, if you teach evolution, if you teach that human came from monkeys, then you must teach religion as well. In some states, yes, not in all states. I was lucky in my state that did not happen. My state is like you learned evolution, that was what you learned. Yeah. The other thing I would imagine is sex education. That's another big one. But mostly it’s just whether it is taught, how much it's taught, or is it not taught. So some places they just don't teach it. At all? At all. Some places teach it really well. So it depends. And I suppose when. Yeah, also when they teach it too. And you also mentioned English language, what's that about Ha, a big part of the issue and English is like the novels you read. Oh, the book list. So a lot of parents don't want their kids read certain novels because they contain themes they don't like, or language they don't like. 可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~

"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！ 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~" In today's Buzzword Mix, our buzzword is Threequel. 相信很多人都和璐璐一样, 已经看过新上的《侏罗纪世界3》了，所以今天的Buzzword里，我们就来聊聊和电影有关的这个词Threequel. The term Threequel is a blend of the words “three” and “sequel”, 这个新词是由“three”和“sequel”两个部分组成的. The word “sequel” originates from the Latin sequella, meaning “follow”. When we are talking about movies, “sequel” simply means the second movie following the original story. 说电影的时候“sequel”指的就是续集/续章. And Threequel means the movie that is following the sequel. 而所谓的Threequel就是指续集后面的续集, 比如说三部曲里的第三部。 In the Hollywood film industry, three usually is thought of as the magic number. That's why there are lots of trilogies. 在电影史上你就能看到很多的trilogy, 三部曲. This is usually the original movie followed by sequel, and then followed by a threequel, the third movie in the series. Now there are many examples of high profile threequels, for example, The Godfather Part III, 影史上有很多有名的电影系列都出到了第三部, 比如说《教父3》. And the latest threequel in the Jurassic Franchise – Jurassic World Dominion. 刚刚上映的《侏罗纪世界》第三部也是一部threequel. Many threequels have enjoyed box office success, especially those ones that are based on stories originally conceived as trilogies, such as The Lord of the Rings. 很多系列里的第三部票房成绩都还算不错, 特别是像《指环王》这样本来就计划做三部曲的电影系列. However, despite the box office success they may enjoy, threequels are often seen as disappointing. 虽然票房不错, 但是也有很多人都觉得凡是三部曲里的最后一部多半都是烂片. Some people even talk about the curse of the threequels, 甚至有人把它叫做threequel的诅咒. And it's not just the terrible ones, some of the most critically acclaimed trilogies also suffer from the threequel curse. 即使那些很有名的电影系列, 很多时候也逃不过第三部烂尾的诅咒. So it got us wondering, what's really happening here. Why are threequels almost always the worst ones？ There are two factors that come into play here: formula and necessity. The reason why film trilogies have been around for so long is that they're a really great structure to tell a long story, with each film serving as a beginning, a middle, and an end. This also means that each film should serve a very specific purpose. 为什么三部曲一直很火？主要就是因为如果要把一个很长的故事讲完整, 三部曲的分工正好是beginning, middle, and an end, 各占其位, 各司其职. No matter the genre, the first film always serves as an origin story that introduces us to our heroes and the world they live in. 第一部, 通常是介绍整个故事的大背景以及主人公. The sequels always tend to enjoy more freedom, since their characters and worlds are already established for them. For this reason, the second film is all about heroes facing the greatest challenge they've faced yet. 然后到了sequel续集的时候, 因为前面已经打好了框架, 就可以专注来讲主人公面临的某一个巨大的挑战或者一个大反派. This is where the problem with threequels comes in. There isn't really a formula for a successful threequel, at least not yet. 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~"

公号: 【璐璐的英文小酒馆】 查音频节目文稿，了解广阔的世界。跟随我们的脚步，体会英语的温度。 Hi, everyone. And welcome back to America Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来《闲话美国》。 Hi, James. Hi, Lulu, hi everyone. Every time I'll start the episode by asking you what we're gonna talk about today, but instead of doing that, I would like to propose a specific topic. I see. Go ahead. Have you been following the latest heated discussion about textbooks? The problem with Chinese text books on social media. Ah, I have seen posts about it, but I haven't really been following that news. So a lot of people are getting really angry about the problems with these text books. I thought it would be quite interesting to talk about text books that you guys use in United States. That's a very good topic. Let's do it. First things first, in China, our textbooks, especially for K12, so for primary education and secondary education, they are generally approved by the Ministry of Education, 是由教育部这边要审核和认可的。 And then how the curriculum as well, 整个课程计划, what about in the States? I'm guessing, from based on what we were talking about before in other episodes, each State will have their own rules. That is a very good guess and you are correct, in America, it’s a lot more complicated than here in China. Don't you have Department of Education? Don't they have a say like more of a generalized control over this? OK, so we do have a Department of Education at the Federal level, but in America, the Department of Education does not set curriculum and does not choose or write the text books that the schools use. The Department of Education sets the education policy, such as who can go to school like don't discriminate against your students, things like this; and making sure that the schools are credited, and are safe and suitable for students. But the material, the curriculum is all done at the local State level. I see, so Department of Education is very much about macro policy, 更多是宏观的一些政策, very vague, very general. That's right. And then what does State do? The State Departments of Education, they are the ones who really control what is taught in the classroom. So the State Education Departments, they're the ones that set such curriculum and choose the standards which the teachers need to be teaching in the classroom. Additionally, they also approve the text books that are to be used in school. Okay, you know in China, we would say at this grade you should be, for example, you should recognize, let's say 3,000 Chinese characters at this age or at this grade, you should be able to do geometry, so that sort of thing is set by the States. Yeah, governments uhhh Those are what we'd call the standards. I see. I have a question though, because each State will have this much power over how kids are taught, what kind of contents are taught in school, then the difference between states can be significant, right, technically some states can set a very low standard for the students for the kids? Now there are some nationwide standards that the States can choose to use. Some people may be familiar with the term Common Core. What is Common Core? This is a standard for English Language Arts and Math that has been adopted in many States across the country as part of their school standards; and Common Core states things like by this Grade students will be able to analyze text and write a descriptive essay, by this Grade, they can know this kind of math formula and things like that it's a standard, but States can choose their own. Common Core听起来有点像我们统一的教学大纲。But you also said they're about English Language Arts and Math. 公号: 【璐璐的英文小酒馆】 查音频节目文稿，了解广阔的世界。跟随我们的脚步，体会英语的温度。

酒馆音乐剧板块《曲外之音》，跟璐璐和英国资深音乐剧人Oliver一起品名音乐剧背后的故事，让高雅艺术触手可得~公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】可以索要英语全文稿哦~ Hi, everyone. And welcome back to Sound of Musicals. 欢迎回来【曲外之音】。 In the previous episode, we talked to Oliver about West Side Story, and today we're gonna continue that talk about its conflicts and the music. Hi, Oliver. Hello. Welcome back to the show. Thank you. It's good. I remember talking to you when we're not recording and then you mentioned that you play the character in West Side Story. However, this is not one of your favorite musicals. No, that's true. I was in this show, and there are definitely some good aspects of it. But it doesn't sit perfectly with me. There are lots of things which I think could have been done better, or changed, or it’s just not my style. It’s not as hopeless as Les Mis (Les Miserables 悲惨世界). Yes, that's true. Les Mis is on the other end of the musical chart in terms of hopelessness and sadness really. But I think some aspects in this, yeah, they could have certainly been a bit more serious, a bit more heart-hitting than they were. Yes. When I was watching it, at bits I also felt like it is still about gang violence or maybe they were just using this as a backdrop, but certainly at place it felt like they were kind of playing light of this theme which should be a lot darker, a lot heavier. It should, yeah. And most times people do make gang violence, gang warfare to be very dark because that is more towards the truth of gang violence. West Side Story takes it in a very different direction by having these serious gangs who fight and kill. They do elaborate dances to happy music while they click their fingers, it doesn't feel quite like I should take them seriously. It's hard to be, it does feel like that. It's like pretend gangsters but actual musical actors. Yes, it does feel like that. We are supposed to believe these guys fight and they're angry and they do lots of bad things, but you can't really believe it sometimes when you see them. That's one of the things that I think could have been changed a little bit. But I do know that lots of people like that side of it. It’s embracing this gang culture, this gang idea but not in a serious heavy sad way. Yeah, I mean you can't imagine turning Godfather trilogy into musicals, it just doesn't work. Don Corleone (唐·柯里昂, 《教父》系列的Godfather) clicking his fingers and spinning doesn't really go very well with that movie. No, no. And I think a lot of people do love the idea of gangsters. Actually, I think in many cultures, there has been a period… different historical periods of people would into that sort of film, TV, it's also about this youth related adrenaline rush, like you're fighting for whatever you think it's the right reason to fight. And you can use violence to correct the wrongs or to deal with everything. That idea I think you can obviously see in the gang members. Yes, definitely. Both of the gangs have very different ideas of … in terms of how they should be seen by other people and how they should be treated and their positions within the neighborhood. Both of them are using violence to try to become the top gang to have everybody listen to them, so they are respected. What that actually means for the neighborhood? I'm not entirely sure, because would they do if they are number one? But that's not talked about within the musical. I don't think they just want to be the best. So… No. But the other thing I noticed about the two gangs it's not just normal two nameless gangs. It's more like, there’s the racial element. There's definitely the racial element. It's the whites, the local gangs. I don't know if they're Italian because Tony sounds very Italian, then some of the other names sounds a bit Italian. And then you have this other newer immigrants, the Puerto Rican gang. So the racial element that you do see. ... 公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】可以索要英语全文稿哦~

"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！ 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~" In today's Buzzword Mix, our buzzword is Side Hustle. If you have been following English language media in the past few years, you have definitely seen this expression. So Side Hustle, “Side” means on the side; “Hustle” here simply means work or a job. So simply put a Side Hustle is work you do on the side of your regular job to make additional income. 说白了, 在你主业工作之外所有你做的这些搞钱的副业, 都可以叫做Side Hustle. Some people might say, isn't that just a part time job？ It is and it isn't. The way people define Side Hustle tends to vary, but to most, it involves some type of self-employment as opposed to a traditional second job. Side Hustle和普通的***还是有点不一样的, 它通常更倾向于是self-employment, you are your own boss, such as freelance gigs. 比如说自由职业的一些工作, or an entrepreneurial endeavor或者干脆是自主创业. One great thing about Side Hustles is that they often serve as an opportunity for people to pursue something they’re interested in or passionate about. But perhaps the greatest reason more and more people are starting a Side Hustle comes down to the financial security it can provide. Although this word has been very popular in the past few years, the expression Side Hustle was actually first used in 1950. 其实从50年代就开始出现的这个Side Hustle并不是一个新词, but the term became popular during and after the last recession when traditional jobs disappeared and enterprising people had to make ends meet. 但是它的爆火则是因为上一次经济萧条期, 传统的工作机会越来越少, 所以很多人都不得不开始研究副业搞钱这条路. So what are some of the typical examples of Side Hustles？ For example, you can set up a store and start selling clothes and other things online; you can launch your own social media account for profit on YouTube or on Bilibili, TikTok; you can make and sell handicrafts; you can teach online courses, offer photography services; or you might be doing some freelance creative work including writing, illustration, graphic design. 常见的Side Hustle包括开网店/做自媒体/售卖自己做的手工艺品/教授网上课程/做写手插画师…等等自由职业. The reason why so many people are engaged in Side Hustles is because there are obvious benefits. A Side Hustle can offer you the opportunity to explore your passions or pursue your dream job without sacrificing the steady pay check of a day job. 一个好的副业可以让你既不牺牲平时工作的稳定, 又能去追求自己的梦想. Not only does a Side Hustle provide an injection of extra cash flow to your bank account, it can also help to boost overall life satisfaction. 而且用副业就能搞到钱补贴家用, 也会提升你的生活质量. Another benefit of having a Side Hustle is that they allow for flexibility in workplace and work hours. Often Side Hustles are solopreneurial or entrepreneurial endeavors. 很多人喜欢副业其实是因为它的flexibility, 灵活性, 因为很多人在副业里自己不是个entrepreneur创业者, 就是solopreneur单打独斗的创业者. And when you're the boss, you get to decide everything, call the shots-including when and for how long you’ll work. This can be really appealing to those who feel trapped by a traditional 9-to-5 job. 仅凭这一点Side Hustle就能吸引很多已经过惯了朝九晚五的人. On Top of that, Side Hustle typically does not require a large financial investment upfront. 它的另外一个好处就是和真正抛家舍业的创业不一样, Side Hustle通常不需要a large financial investment upfront一开始就投入一大笔资金. It can be as simple as you create something and you try to sell it online. If you're good enough, you can easily sell ideas and knowledge you already have. While there are plenty of pros to having a Side Hustle, that's not to say there aren't a lot of things to consider before diving in. 说了这么多好处Side Hustle可不是人人都能一闭眼就开干的. There are many things to consider, one major consideration before taking on a Side Hustle is the potential conflict with your day job, some companies have policies that prohibit moonlighting.... 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~