英音听力｜BBC & 经济学人等 - 节目列表

Do eggs contain the secrets of the universe? | BBC Ideas This is an egg. But then, you already knew that. You know because eggs have been central to human existence for thousands of years. In fact, you probably take it for granted, after all, it's only an egg. But if you're prepared to look closer - to see through its calcium carbonate shell - you'll find a microcosm of the universe. Don't believe me? Let's start at the beginning. The very beginning. 这是一个蛋。不过，你已经知道了。因为几千年来，蛋一直是人类生存的核心。事实上，你可能认为它是理所当然的，毕竟它只是一个蛋。但是，如果你愿意仔细观察，透过它的碳酸钙外壳，你就会发现宇宙的缩影。不信？让我们从头开始。从最初开始。 Several religions, multiple traditions, the Ancient Egyptians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Incas all have eggs at the heart of their creation stories. In southern California, the origin story of the Cahuilla people likens the creation of the entire universe to the cracking of an egg. A little further east, the Omaha tribe of Nebraska and Iowa spoke of an egg being dropped into the world's oceans. Protected by a bird serpent, inside this egg lay sleeping all of the mothers and all of the fathers of everyone yet to be born. 几种宗教，多种传统，古埃及人，希腊人，罗马人，印加人都把蛋作为他们创世故事的核心。在南加州，卡胡拉人的起源故事把整个宇宙的创造比作蛋的破裂。再往东一点，内布拉斯加州和衣阿华州的奥马哈部落讲述了一个蛋被扔进世界海洋的故事。在一条鸟蛇的保护下，在这个蛋里，沉睡着所有的母亲和所有尚未出生的人的父亲。 But these are stories. Where's the science? In 2006, data gathered by Nasa's Wilkinson satellite suggested that the Universe itself may be an ellipsoid - an oval. Egg shaped. The science community remain unable to categorically prove or disprove this theory but it remains possible we're all living inside a massive, ever-expanding egg. In 1609, Johannes Kepler confirmed that the planets, including our own, go around the sun, not in a perfect circle but in an elliptical orbit. The moon's elliptical orbit makes it appear to regularly change size in the night sky. Without this egg-shaped dance our moon may seem far less interesting. 但这些都是故事。科学在哪里？2006年，美国宇航局的威尔金森卫星收集的数据表明，宇宙本身可能是一个椭球体——即椭圆形物，也就是蛋形物。科学界仍然无法明确证明或否定这一理论，但我们仍然有可能生活在一个巨大的、不断膨胀的鸡蛋里。1609年，约翰尼斯·开普勒证实了包括我们自己在内的行星围绕太阳运行，不是正圆而是椭圆轨道。月亮的椭圆形轨道使它在夜空中看起来有规律地改变大小。如果没有这种蛋形的轨道运动，我们的月亮可能看起来就不那么有趣了。 Far from being smooth, an egg's shell is more like the surface of the moon. Bumpy and grainy in texture, a single eggshell is covered in up to 17,000 tiny craters. But it's also semi-permeable, allowing air and moisture to pass through it. This remarkable shape, not only is it possibly the shape of the actual universe, it's also the pinnacle of architectural design. Here is a structure with no internal solid support and yet it's strong enough to protect and nurture life itself inside. If one point of the shell is put under external force, the stress is distributed evenly across the entire dome. Which is why you can't crush an egg with the palm of your hand. 蛋的外壳并不光滑，它更像是月球的表面。一个蛋壳上布满了多达 17,000 个小坑，质地凹凸不平，颗粒状。但它也是半透明的，允许空气和水分通过。这种非凡的形状，不仅可能是真实宇宙的形状，也是建筑设计的顶峰。这是一个没有内部固体支撑的结构，但它却足够坚固，可以在内部保护和孕育生命。 But how to replicate nature's perfect aerodynamic design? An egg has no obvious beginning or end so where do you even start? It wasn't until the 20th Century that human architects started to get the hang of building egg-like structures on a grand scale. 'The Egg' in Beijing seats 5,452 people in three halls and is more than 1,000 square metres in size. That's one seriously big egg. Eggs have inspired artists from Dali to Faberge and made memorable movie cameos - Sigourney Weaver's haunted 12-pack in Ghostbusters, Paul Newman eating 50 in Cool Hand Luke, and John Hurt falling foul of a particularly nasty one in Alien. In Gulliver's Travels, when the people of Lilliput went to war with their neighbours, it was over which way round to eat a boiled egg. On Instagram, we liked this egg, in greater numbers than we'd liked anything else ever before. Mr Strong ate nothing but eggs, which actually was not a bad idea. An egg's protein has the perfect mix of amino acids required to build human tissue, second only to our mother's milk. Eggs have also whisked their way into our everyday lexicon. I'm not yolking. Let me eggsplain - people can be 'good eggs' or 'bad eggs'. If you're particularly smart - an eggspert in your chosen field perhaps - you might be called an 'egghead'. We send our kids on egg hunts. We scramble, we poach, we bake. If you want to make an omelette, we all know what to do. Not knowing how to boil an egg is considered shorthand for someone who can't cook. And yet, when searching 'how to boil an egg', Google will offer up more than a billion results. Perhaps it's not as simple as we thought. Much like the egg itself. People have been welcoming spring by decorating eggs with bright colours since the Middle Ages. But John Cadbury didn't make his first chocolate egg until 1875. Eighty million chocolate eggs are now sold every year in the UK alone. The average child eats eight. At Easter, it seems, the egg will always come first. But then of course, you already knew that. ★字数限制，完整翻译和原视频见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】

The World's Longest Beak｜BBC Earth A thousand plants growing on one single tree. Throughout the forest, this story is repeated endless times. As a consequence, jungles are home to more species of plants than anywhere else on Earth. And they in turn support a wealth of animals. 一棵树上能长出千百种植物。在整个森林中，这个故事无休止地重复着。因此，丛林中的植物种类比地球上任何其他地方都要多。反过来，它们也养育了大量的动物。 In Ecuador, the competition is at its most intense. Here there are 100 species of hummingbirds alone, all fighting for nectar. Each flower only has a small amount at any one time, and so it's first come, first served. One hummingbird has gone to great lengths to avoid conflict with other species. 在厄瓜多尔，竞争最为激烈。这里光蜂鸟就有 100 种，它们都在争夺花蜜。每朵花在任何时候都只有少量的花蜜，所以先到先得。有一种蜂鸟为了避免与其他蜂鸟发生冲突，可谓煞费苦心。 Swordbills are the only bird with a beak longer than their body. And some flowers are too elongated for the other 99 species of hummingbirds here to feed from them. A swordbill's extraordinary beak, however, enables it to reach the places that others can't. The top of this flower where the sweet nectar is produced. It has found a solution that means it doesn't have to join the fight. And as each long flower blooms, it gives the swordbill a fresh supply of food all to itself. 剑嘴蜂鸟是唯一一种喙比身体长的鸟。有些花太长了，其他99种蜂鸟无法从中取食。然而，剑嘴蜂鸟非凡的喙使它能够到达其他鸟无法到达的地方。这种花的顶部是产生甜花蜜的地方。它已经找到了一个使它不必加入战斗的解决方案。当绽放一朵长花时，都会给剑嘴蜂鸟带来新鲜的食物。 But having a beak longer than your body does have its drawbacks. For a start, it's tricky to keep it clean. Harder still, how do you preen your body feathers? Unlike the other hummers, swordbills can't reach their feathers with their beak. The only option — a good old scratch. It's a little unrefined, but a small price to pay for an exclusive food supply. 不过，喙比你的身体长确实有缺点。首先，保持清洁很麻烦。更难的是，你如何整理你身上的羽毛？与其他蜂鸟不同的是，剑嘴蜂鸟无法用喙触及羽毛。唯一的选择是——用爪子好好挠一挠。虽然有点不讲究，但为了独享的食物供应，付出的代价还是很小的。 词汇表 jungle 丛林，密林 in turn 反之，相应地，类似地 a wealth of 大量的，丰富的 Ecuador 厄瓜多尔（位于拉丁美洲） hummingbird 蜂鸟 nectar 花蜜，甘露 first come, first served 先到先得，先来先服务 go to great lengths 竭尽全力，煞费苦心 Swordbill 剑嘴蜂鸟，刀嘴蜂鸟(sword-billed hummingbird)：一种生活在南美洲的蜂鸟，以其长而直的、超过了其身体长度的喙子为特征，主要用于觅食长管状花朵的花蜜。 beak （鸟、龟等的）嘴，喙 elongate 细长的，拉长了的 drawback 缺点，不利条件 tricky 难对付的，麻烦的 preen （鸟）用喙整理羽毛 scratch 抓，挠 unrefined 不精致的，不讲究的 exclusive 专有的，排他的 ★视频版见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】

Minimalism vs maximalism Some say you can tell a lot about a person by the way they decorate their home. We often find pleasure in the things we stick in our houses, be it trinkets we bought on holiday, film memorabilia or paintings to liven up walls. And when we head to others' houses, we often see things we appreciate, but wouldn't have in our own homes, because maybe they're not quite to our taste. The point is, the way we decorate our homes is very personal. And while many of us have plenty of stuff, there are always people who go that little bit further. So, when it comes to minimalism and maximalism, which one appeals to you more? 有人说，从一个人的家居装饰可以看出他的性格。我们常常会在自己家里摆放的东西中找到乐趣，无论是度假时买的小饰品、电影纪念品还是为墙壁添彩的画作。而当我们去别人家我们经常会看到一些我们很欣赏，但却不会放在自己家里的东西，因为它们可能不太符合我们的品味。关键是，我们装饰自己家的方式是非常个性化的。虽然我们中的很多人都有很多东西，但总有人会走得更远一些。那么，说到极简主义和极繁主义，你更喜欢哪一种呢？ Minimalism was an art movement that started in the 1950s. Its basic principles are derived from a concept of 'less is more' – reducing things back to their most basic. Some people took that art style and used it as a way of living. Ideas of vast open spaces with an organised and functional structure may spring to mind. They are usually decorated in simple pastel colours, with many minimalists opting for duotone, often just black and white. For some, especially maximalists, it may seem sparse and a bit bland to live without many things – even boring or depressing. However, living in this way is seen by many as more practical. 极简主义是 20 世纪 50 年代兴起的一场艺术运动。其基本原则源于“少即是多”的概念——将事物简化到最基本的程度。一些人将这种艺术风格作为一种生活方式。在他们的脑海中，可能会浮现出广阔的开放空间和有组织的功能结构。这些空间通常采用简单的淡色装饰，许多极简主义者选择双色调，通常只有黑色和白色。对于一些人，尤其是极繁主义者来说，没有太多东西的生活可能会显得稀疏和平淡，甚至无聊或压抑。然而，许多人认为这种极简生活方式更实用。 Maximalism is the opposite of minimalism and started in the 1970s. It embraces the core ideals that 'more is more'. While minimalism centres around the principle of decluttering, it's easy to imagine that a maximalist home is overflowing with items – but that's not the base idea. It's more about filling the space – making the most of the area. Structured excess and bold colours combined with mixed patterns is what you will see in a home like this. For a minimalist, used to more simplistic designs, it could be overwhelming. But for those who embrace it, those things give a space personality. 极繁主义是极简主义的反面，始于20世纪70年代。它的核心理念是“越多越好”。极简主义的核心原则是“精简”，人们很容易想象极繁主义的家会堆满物品，但这并不是它的基本理念。极繁主义更注重空间的填充——即充分利用空间。像这样的房子里，你会看到有序的过量物品、色彩鲜明的混合图案。对于习惯于更简单设计的极简主义者来说，这可能难以承受。但是对于那些接受它的人来说，那些物品赋予了空间以个性。 The way you have your home is up to you! But, if you opt for maximalism, you may need to prepare for a bit more dusting. 您可以根据自己的喜好来布置自己的家！不过，如果你选择极繁主义，你可能需要为更多的灰尘做准备。 词汇表 stick 放在（家里） trinket 小装饰品，小玩意 memorabilia 纪念品 liven up 使…有生气，为…添彩 to one’s taste 适合某人的口味 decorate 装饰 minimalism 极简主义 maximalism 极繁主义 less is more 少即是多 vast 巨大的 functional 实用的 pastel （颜色）淡而柔和的 duotone 双色调 sparse 零落的 bland 乏味的 core 核心的 declutter 清理（空间） overflowing 满得容不下 structured 有条理的，有结构的 excess 过剩 bold （色彩）醒目的，艳丽的 ✔更多内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】

Are our early memories real? What's the first thing you remember doing? It could be playing with your friends at school, or going to a birthday party and eating amazing cake. Most of us have a treasured early memory of our childhood, but can we really believe those vivid memories? Did those special moments really happen – or did we make them up? 你记忆中做的第一件事是什么？可能是在学校和朋友们一起玩耍，也可能是参加生日派对，吃着美味的蛋糕。我们中的大多数人都有一段珍贵的童年记忆，但我们真的能相信那些生动的回忆吗？那些特别的时刻是真的发生过，还是我们编造出来的？ It's a strange concept to grasp, but according to research, about four out of 10 of us invent our first childhood memory. Rather than having experienced something, we could have fabricated a fake memory from videos or photos we've seen. We could have been influenced by a story recounted to us that spurs our minds on to adopt someone else's memory as our own. What it means is that memories of our younger years, especially before the age of two, may be inaccurate, or entirely false. 这是个很难理解的概念，但根据研究，我们每 10 人中就有 4 人编造了自己童年的第一段记忆。我们可能不是亲身经历了什么，而是根据看过的视频或照片编造了一段虚假的记忆。我们可能受到了一个故事的影响，这个故事刺激了我们的思维，让我们把别人的记忆当成了自己的记忆。这意味着，我们幼年时期的记忆，尤其是两岁之前的记忆，可能是不准确的，甚至是完全虚假的。 But why don't we have clear memories from that age? Well, our ability to retain memories from before the age of two isn't great. While at that age we do have short-term memories, according to Catherine Loveday, an expert in autobiographical memory at the University of Westminster, the memories that infants make are not long-lasting. This is possibly due to the rapid creation of brain cells in our early years. Some scientists also believe that as we get older, our childhood memories fade and after the age of seven, we get some kind of 'childhood amnesia'. 但为什么我们没有那个年龄段的清晰记忆呢？我们保留两岁前记忆的能力并不强。根据威斯敏斯特大学自传体记忆专家凯瑟琳·洛夫戴的说法，虽然在那个年龄段我们确实有短期记忆，但婴儿的记忆并不持久。这可能是由于我们早年脑细胞的快速生成造成的。一些科学家还认为，随着年龄的增长，我们对童年的记忆会逐渐消失，7岁以后，我们就会患上某种“童年健忘症”。 So why do we create fake memories? Some experts believe that there is a clear desire for a sense of self and having a cohesive story of our existence. Creating memories can fill in the gaps – giving us a more complete structure for our early lives. As we get older, we want to have a complete picture of our entire lives. 那么，我们为什么要制造虚假记忆呢？一些专家认为，我们明显渴望有一种自我意识，渴望有一个关于我们存在的连贯故事。创造记忆可以填补空白——为我们早期的生活提供一个更完整的结构。随着年龄的增长，我们希望对自己的一生有一个完整的描述。 So, the next time someone says they have a clear memory from when they were one – or even before - just remember that while it could be true, there's a chance they just invented it at some point in their lives. 因此，下次如果有人说他们对自己一岁甚至更早的时候有清晰的记忆，请记住，虽然这可能是真的，但也有可能是他们在生命中的某个时刻编造出来的。 词汇表 treasured 珍视的，珍重的 vivid 鲜明的，生动的 concept 概念 grasp 理解，领会 fabricate 编造 recount 叙述 spur on 促使，激励 adopt 采纳，采用 inaccurate 不准确的 clear 清晰的 retain 记住 short-term memory 短期记忆 autobiographical 自传体的，与个人生活事件紧密相关的 long-lasting 持久的 brain cell 脑细胞 fade 逐渐被遗忘 amnesia 失忆 cohesive 完整连贯的 ✔更多内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】

Business Bartleby 商业版块 巴托比专栏 Citius, altius, spurious 更快、更高、更假 What can Olympians teach executives? 奥运选手能教给企业高管什么？ I want to be successful. That person is successful. So that person can teach me how to be successful. This syllogism helps explain the torrent of podcasts, books and speeches devoted to the secrets of high performance. It is one reason why executive-leadership courses draw on case studies from well beyond business: politics, the army and even the Roman empire. And it has been much in evidence before and during the Olympics, which end in Paris on August 11th. 我想成功。那个人是成功的。所以那个人可以教我如何成功。这个自相矛盾的论点有助于解释为什么会有如此多的播客、书籍和演讲来介绍高绩效的秘诀。这也是高管领导力课程借鉴商界以外的案例研究的原因之一：政治、军队甚至罗马帝国。而在 8 月11日于巴黎闭幕的奥运会之前和期间，这种说法也大行其道。 Consultancies ask what CEOs can learn from the world's best athletes. Executives attend events in which Olympians describe what makes them tick. Articles breathlessly assess the leadership qualities of Simone Biles, an American gymnast who pulled out of the Tokyo games and made a triumphant return in Paris. Bob Bowman, a swimming coach, wrote a book in 2016 called "The Golden Rules", based on his success shepherding Michael Phelps to greatness; the triumphs in this year's games of Leon Marchand, a French swimmer who is also one of his charges, should give sales a bump. There are threads that connect sporting success and business success. Getting to the games requires intense dedication and hard work. Sporting excellence rests on the efforts of multiple people, not just a single individual. The people on the podium in Paris are competitive and resilient. It is true that all these things are helpful in the workplace, but so is being able to dress yourself. Some things simply don't need saying. Not that this stopped one consultancy from putting out research in 2023 marvelling at the fact that "100% of professional athletes and CEOs spend time mentally preparing" before a big competition or meeting. If some of the similarities between sports and the workplace are the stuff of cliche, many of the differences are too big to be helpful. Sporting contests have the objective clarity of finishing positions; most jobs lack such simple metrics. A four-year Olympic cycle building to a contest that may last only seconds has few obvious analogues in business. Sports-stars-turned-speakers and business audiences both have an interest in pretending that an Olympic final is like getting ready for a big presentation or end-of-year results. If that were really the case, more executives would go to Olympic training camps to talk to athletes about their greatest earnings calls. The athletes who win medals at the games are blessed not just with prodigious determination but also immense natural gifts. "I got more speed in my little finger than most people have in their whole body, and I was just born that way," Michael Johnson, a legendary sprinter, recently told "The High Performance Podcast", a popular show that tries desperately to extract life lessons for mortals from people with superhuman skills. The job of managers is partly to identify such superstars, but their real task is getting the best out of a workforce whose talents will vary and whose jobs will not depend as heavily on genetics. "As soon as I saw that kid log on, I knew he was special," are words you do not often hear. The comparisons between sports and business can raise some interesting questions, although they are not necessarily the ones you might expect. In her book "The Long Win", Cath Bishop, a former Olympian turned consultant, describes how a rigid focus on winning can be self-defeating whether you are in a singlet or a suit. Elite athletes increasingly like to talk about trusting in the process-focusing on the performance rather than on the results. Divorcing the way a business decision is made from its actual outcome is a discipline that companies might benefit from, too. The pressure on competitive sports teams to cut corners in pursuit of success can lead to toxic cultures and outright cheating, just as it can within firms. The way that Olympians get feedback from coaches and the motivation that comes from genuinely mastering a skill: these, too, are things to reflect on. But these parallels are not really why people listen to the podcasts or turn up at the events. They want a simple formula for success. And they want to hear what it is like to run faster, jump higher and vault better than anyone else. They want to hear stories that can have no conceivable value back in the office (how Mr Bowman broke Mr Phelps's goggles on purpose before a race to prepare him for anything, or why Mr Johnson ran in that famously upright style). If they can pretend it's good for their career, so much the better. ★因字数限制，翻译见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】

RSPCA: 200 years of helping animals | BBC Newsround You've probably heard of the RSPCA. If an animal is in need then they try to help however they can. I'm here at the RSPCA Newbrook Farm to find out a bit more about the history of the RSPCA and all the important work it does. I sat down with Boris. He is an RSPCA inspector and also a bit of an expert on the history of the organisation. 你可能听说过皇家防止虐待动物协会。如果动物需要帮助，他们会尽自己所能去帮助。我来到皇家防止虐待动物协会纽布鲁克农场，来了解更多关于皇家防止虐待动物协会的历史和它所做的重要工作。我和鲍里斯坐了下来。他是皇家防止虐待动物协会的检查员，也是该组织历史方面的专家。 It's been 200 years since the start of the RSPCA. How did it get started? --Well, we're very fortunate that we're the oldest animal welfare charity in the world. And we started back in 1824. We actually even predated the Metropolitan Police, which was only created five years later. So that's why the Brethren Broom paid for this inspector. He was called Charles Wheeler. To go out to the markets and the slaughterhouses and prosecute anyone who was being cruel to their animals. 皇家防止虐待动物协会成立已有200年了。它是如何开始的?——嗯，我们很幸运，我们是世界上历史最悠久的动物福利慈善机构。我们从1824年开始。我们甚至比伦敦警察厅还早，它是在我们成立5年后才成立的。所以兄弟会的布鲁姆才雇了这个检查员。他叫查尔斯·惠勒。去市场和屠宰场起诉那些虐待动物的人。 A lot of the animals that the RSPCA brings to its centres need medical help. (So this is the hospital side of the centre.) Amanda is a veterinary nurse. She works with sick and injured animals in the hospital here at RSPCA Newbrook Farm. 皇家防止虐待动物协会带到中心的许多动物都需要医疗帮助。(这是中心的医院一侧。)阿曼达是一名兽医护士。她在皇家防止虐待动物协会纽布鲁克农场的医院里照顾生病和受伤的动物。 There's lots of cats in here, but it's not just cats you treat, is it? --No, not just cats. We see dogs, rabbits, guinea pigs, small rodents, birds, all sorts, and wildlife as well. --I bet it's really rewarding when they feel better. That's the best thing, is making them better, actually to the point where we can get them to that next stage where they go to a new home, and that's the lovely, rewarding side of the job. 这里有很多猫，但你治疗的不只是猫，对吧?——不，不只是猫。我们看到狗、兔子、豚鼠、小型啮齿动物、鸟类，各种各样的，还有野生动物。——我敢打赌，当他们感觉更好的时候，这真的很值得。这是最好的事情，让他们变得更好，实际上，我们可以让他们进入下一个阶段，他们去一个新的家，这是工作中迷人的，有意义的一面。 The RSPCA cares for and rehomes thousands of animals a year. You might have even got your family pet from the RSPCA. This is Rob. He runs educational sessions with young people. 皇家防止虐待动物协会每年要照顾和安置数千只动物。你甚至可能从皇家防止虐待动物协会那里得到你的家庭宠物。这是罗布。他为年轻人举办教育课程。 We have a role now to inspire young people to recognise the impact that they can have on the animals that we share this world with. And we have Almost a celebrity now in our midst of the Young Photographers Award. 我们现在的职责是激励年轻人认识到他们可以对与我们共同生活在这个世界上的动物产生的影响。我们现在几乎有一位入选了青年摄影奖的名人。 When did you start taking photos? --So I started taking photos when I was six. What I like to do is help people protect and fall in love with nature. I mean I take photos of wildlife, pets, I don't really mind what I take photos of but I just love to inspire people and children in particular to love nature and protect it because it's a very precious thing. 你什么时候开始拍照的?——我六岁的时候就开始拍照了。我喜欢做的是帮助人们保护自然，爱上自然。我拍野生动物和宠物的照片，我并不介意我拍的是什么，我只是喜欢激励人们，尤其是孩子们热爱自然，保护自然，因为这是非常珍贵的东西。 词汇表 RSPCA （英国）皇家防止虐待动物协会 (Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) Newbrook Farm 纽布鲁克农场（动物福利中心） inspector 检查员，督察员 welfare charity 福利慈善机构 predate 在日期上早于（先于） Metropolitan Police 伦敦警察厅 Brethren 弟兄会 slaughterhouse 屠宰场 prosecute 告发，检举，起诉 veterinary nurse 兽医护士 guinea pig 豚鼠 rodent 啮齿动物（如老鼠等） rewarding 值得做的，有意义的 rehome 为（狗、猫等宠物）找新家 educational session 教育课程，教育会议 role 职责，功能 in the midst of 在…之中 ★原视频和更多英语听力见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】

Do you have eco-anxiety? Switch on the TV or read a newspaper and it's full of bad news about the environment. But climate change is damaging more than just the planet's health - it's affecting human health too. A growing number of people around the world are experiencing something psychiatrists are calling, eco-anxiety. Eco-anxiety involves feeling grief, guilt, fear or hopelessness about the future of the planet due to climate change. Of course, direct victims of climate change suffer most. Flood survivors experience depression and anxiety, and people breathing polluted air are at higher risk of dementia. But according to the Institute of Psychiatrists, just reading about the state of the planet in the news is causing stress and anxiety. In this programme on eco-anxiety, we'll be learning some useful vocabulary related to this worrying topic and hopefully be hearing on some happier environmental news as well. I hope so, Neil. With so much bad news, it's sometimes hard to feel optimistic about the future. I hope so, Neil. With so much bad news, it's sometimes hard to feel optimistic about the future. Well, here's a question about some good climate news for a change. In Australia, an animal thought to be extinct has been spotted for the first time in over fifty years. But what is the animal? Is it: a) a shark, b) a lizard or c) a parrot? I'll guess it's a shark. OK, Beth, I'll reveal the answer later. Unsurprisingly, many of those suffering from eco-anxiety are young people. When BBC Radio 4 programme, Woman's Hour, spoke with veteran environmentalist, Judy Ling Wong, they asked her if she was worried for young people today: I have tremendous compassion for them because what a mess we have left the world in, our generation, and the generation before. Of course, you know, the science is so advanced now. Very much in the past, the science would say, yes we think, we perhaps have these models. Now we have the exact science, so it is an absolutely different ball game. We actually know what to do now. It is about getting on with it, and the young people are the furthest ahead in this they can see the future as theirs and they're impassioned to do something about it. Judy feels compassion – a strong feeling of sympathy for young people, and the wish for them not to suffer. She blames older generations and uses the phrase what a mess to emphasise that the planet is in a bad shape. You can use the phrase what a something to intensify the thing you're talking about. For example, if someone gives you a birthday present you might say, 'What a nice surprise!' But Judy is optimistic. The science on climate change is much more accurate than it used to be, for example, we know that moving away from fossil fuels would be a big help. Science has changed the ball game – the set of circumstances that control how a situation occurs. Knowing exactly how to stop climate change has impassioned young people – they feel strongly motivated to take action. And, as it turns out, taking action may be one of the most powerful antidotes to eco-anxiety: actually doing something to combat climate change reduces feelings of helplessness. Here's Judy Ling Wong again speaking with BBC Radio 4s, Woman's Hour: You kow, when the Institute of Psychiatry published its special issue on climate anxiety, one of the papers pointed out that if you can do something about it, if you feel part of the movement to change things or to stabilise things, then you feel much better. And also, you know, at the moment the government is trying to reach net zero by 2050 and all that, and they committed to creating 2 million new green jobs. Now, if young people and activists think about this, if you have a green job you're actually dedicating your entire working life to building a green sustainable future, and that has a huge effect on your psychology. Judy urges young people to join a movement – a group of people who share the same beliefs and ideas. Being part of the solution, not the problem, helps reduce anxiety and with new green jobs, young people can protect the environment their entire working life – the period of life spent in employment, between leaving school and retirement. And Judy's hopefulness is shared. Recent polls showed that the majority of people are worried about climate change and are prepared to make changes. Finally, some good news. And speaking of good news, what was the answer to your question, Neil? I asked which 'extinct' animal has recently been spotted in Australia. You guessed it was a shark, which was… the wrong answer. Actually, it was a lizard - the earless grassland dragon, a native to east Australia that was last seen in the wild in 1969. ★因字数限制，完整文本和翻译见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】

Why water is one of the weirdest things in the universe | BBC Ideas Water. You might not see it, but this is probably the strangest things in the universe Here's why. Every molecule of water on the Earth and inside you or any other living thing has existed for billions of years. After it came to Earth, that water has been cycling through rocks, air, animals, plants and back again. Each molecule has been on an incredible voyage before coming to you. At some point, the water inside you would have been inside dinosaurs, bacteria, the oceans, storm clouds, the polar ice caps and much more. 水。你可能看不到它，但这可能是宇宙中最奇怪的事情，原因如下。地球上、你体内或任何其他生物体内的每一个水分子都已经存在了数十亿年。水来到地球后，一直在岩石、空气、动物、植物中循环，然后又回来了。每个分子在来到你身边之前都经历了一段不可思议的旅程。在某一时刻，你体内的水曾进入过恐龙、细菌、海洋、风暴云、极地冰盖等等。 All of the water on Earth is alien. They might be a familiar part of our world, but our oceans formed hundreds of millions of years after our planet took shape. The water arrived on asteroids and comets from space, objects from the edge of our solar system. They were leftovers of the vast clouds of dust and rocks that didn't quite make it into planets. This is the origin of all the water you can see on the Earth. 地球上所有的水都是外来的。它们可能是我们世界上熟悉的一部分，但我们的海洋是在地球形成后数亿年形成的。水从太空到达小行星和彗星上，这些物体来自我们太阳系的边缘。它们是没有形成行星的巨大尘埃和岩石云的残余物。这就是你在地球上看到的所有水的起源。 Water doesn't follow the normal rules of chemistry. For a start, it shouldn't really be a liquid on our planet. A water molecule is made from two very light atoms, hydrogen and oxygen. And at the temperatures and pressures on the surface of the Earth, rules of chemistry say that water should be a gas. And, unlike any other chemical, when water freezes it expands. And so ice floats on water. 水不遵循正常的化学规律。首先，它不应该是我们星球上的液体。水分子是由两个非常轻的原子——氢和氧构成的。在地球表面的温度和压力下，化学规则告诉我们水应该是气体。而且，与其他化学物质不同的是，当水结冰时，它会膨胀。所以冰漂浮在水面上。 Now you see this every day, but take a moment to think about how weird that is. Over time, this odd behaviour has been very useful. By insulating the water underneath, floating ice has enabled complex life to survive and evolve on our planet, despite the many ice ages that have frozen the Earth's surface solid. And the strangeness just goes on and on. Did you know that hot water freezes faster than cold? Yes, really. No-one knows why. 现在，你每天都能看到这种情况，但请花点时间想想这有多奇怪。随着时间的推移，这种奇怪的行为非常有用。通过隔绝下面的水，浮冰使复杂的生命得以在我们的星球上生存和进化，尽管许多冰河时期曾把地球表面冻得结结实实。奇怪的事情还在继续。你知道热水比冷水更快结冰吗？是的，真的。没人知道为什么。 Water molecules can float upwards, against the force of gravity. That's because they love to stick to each other. They're so good at it that they can actually pull each other up through tiny channels, such as the tiny blood vessels in your body. That's how oxygen and nutrients reach the edges of your brain. The same process, called capillary action, allows plants to move water from deep below the ground to nourish the leaves and branches that grow in the sunshine. 水分子可以克服重力向上漂浮。那是因为他们喜欢互相扶持。它们非常擅长这一点，以至于它们实际上可以通过微小的通道相互拉动，比如你体内的微小血管。这就是氧气和营养物质到达大脑边缘的方式。同样的过程被称为毛细作用，它能让植物把水从地下深处输送到阳光下滋养枝叶。 Our solar system is drowning in water. Once upon a time, we thought that we were alone on Earth with so much water, but in fact it's the second most common molecule in the universe. We now know there's water on the moon, on Mars, Pluto. In fact there's H2O on almost every object in our solar system. And where there's water, there could be life. 我们的太阳系正在淹没在水中。曾几何时，我们以为我们独自在地球上拥有如此多的水，但实际上它是宇宙中第二常见的分子。我们现在知道月球上有水，火星上有水，冥王星上有水。事实上，我们太阳系中几乎每个物体上都有H2O。哪里有水，哪里就可能有生命。 So pour yourself a glass of water now, and take a good look at this colourless, featureless and tasteless material. It's actually remarkable. It breaks so many rules of chemistry that scientists struggle to understand it. But without its rebel behaviour, none of us, nor our world, would exist. You're only here watching this video because water is so strange. 所以，现在给自己倒杯水，好好看看这种无色、无特征、无味的材料吧。事实上，它非常了不起。它打破了许多化学规则，以至于科学家们都很难理解它。但是，如果没有它的反叛行为，我们和我们的世界都不会存在。你之所以会在这里观看这段视频，是因为水太奇特了。 词汇表 molecule 分子，微粒 storm clouds 风暴云：暗示暴风雨即将来临的黑云。 polar ice caps 极地冰盖，两极冰帽 alien 外来的 asteroid 小行星，海星 comet 彗星，扫帚星 leftover 残存物，遗留物 atom 原子 hydrogen and oxygen 氢和氧 insulate 隔离，使绝缘，使免受（影响） blood vessels 血脉，血管细胞 capillary action 毛细管作用：液体通过毛细管的作用返回到热管的蒸发部分。 nourish 滋养，培养，养育 Pluto 冥王星，冥王 featureless 无特色的，平淡无奇的 rebel 叛逆的，反抗的 ★原视频及更多英语听力见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】

The Deadly Portuguese Man O' War Blue Planet II | BBC Earth Over half of all animals in the open ocean drift in currents. Jellyfish cross entire oceans feeding on whatever happens to tangle with the tentacles. Some can grow to a meter, even two meters across. And when, by lucky chance, they encounter a patch of sea rich in plankton, their numbers explode. In such a successful strategy that jellyfish are one of the most common lifeforms on the planet. 在大海中，超过一半的动物都是随洋流漂流的。水母穿过整个海洋，以任何与触手纠缠在一起的东西为食。这些触手有些可以长到一米，甚至两米宽。当它们幸运地遇到一片浮游生物丰富的海域时，它们的数量就会激增。这种成功的策略使得水母成为地球上最常见的生命形式之一。 But among the jellyfish, and looking somewhat like them is a rather more complex and sinister creature--the Portuguese Man O' War. It floats with the help of a gas-filled bladder topped by a vertical membrane. With that serving as a sail, he maintains a steady course through the waves. Long threads trail behind it, some as much as 30 meters long. 但在水母中，有一种更复杂、更阴险的生物，看起来有点像水母——僧帽水母。它在一个顶部有垂直膜的充气气囊的帮助下漂浮。有了这个作为帆，他就能在海浪中保持平稳的航向。长长的丝线拖在它后面，有些长达30米。 Each is armed with many thousands of stinging cells. A single tentacle could kill a fish, or, in rare cases, a human. But among its lethal tentacles lurks a Man O' War fish that feeds by nibbling them. Whilst this fish has some resistance to the stings, it must still be extremely careful. Most other fish are not so lucky. 每一个都有成千上万的刺细胞。一条触手可以杀死一条鱼，或者在极少数情况下，甚至可以杀死一个人。不过，在它致命的触手中，潜藏着一种以啃食触手为生的僧帽水母鱼。虽然这种鱼对蜇伤有一定的抵抗力，但还是必须格外小心。大多数其他鱼类就没那么幸运了。 A tentacle has caught this one and reels it in. It's already paralyzed. Specialized muscular tentacles transfer the victim to others that digest the catch liquefying it with powerful chemicals. Eventually, all that is left is a scaly husk. This voracious Man O' War may collect over 100 small fish in a day. 一根触手抓住了这条鱼，把它卷了进去。它已经瘫痪了。特化的肌肉触手将受害者转移到其他触手处，用强力化学物质将捕获物液化。最后，只剩下一具鳞片状的躯壳。这种贪婪的僧帽水母 一天能捕获100多条小鱼。 词汇表 deadly/lethal 致命的，极其危险的 current 水流，洋流，气流 jellyfish 水母，海蜇 tangle with 与…纠缠，与…有瓜葛 tentacle （海洋动物的）触手，触角 a patch of 一片，一块 plankton 浮游生物 lifeform 生命形式，有机体 sinister 阴险的，凶恶的 Portuguese Man O' War 僧帽水母，葡萄牙战舰水母 gas-filled bladder 充气气囊 be topped by 被…覆盖，顶部有 membrane （动植物的）膜膜 sail 帆，蓬 trail behind 跟随，跟在…后头走 be armed with 装备有，配有 stinging cells （无脊椎）刺细胞 lurk 潜伏，潜藏 Man O' War fish 僧帽水母鱼，水母双鳍鲳（栖息于僧帽水母的触手保护伞下） nibble 啃，小口咬 reel in 卷进、拉回（勾住的鱼） paralyzed 瘫痪的，不能活动的 liquefy 溶解，液化 scaly 带鳞的，鳞状的 husk 皮，躯壳，无价值之物 voracious 贪婪的，贪食的 ★视频版见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】

Left-handed DNA found Around one in ten of us is left-handed - but why? A team at the University of Oxford analysed 400,000 people's DNA. They then compared lefties and righties in a giant game of genetic spot-the-difference. 每十个人中就有一个人是左撇子，但这是为什么呢？牛津大学的一个研究小组分析了 40 万人的 DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）。然后，他们通过一个基因 “找不同” 游戏对左撇子和习惯用右手的人进行了比较。 They found four genetic instructions that influenced left-handedness. These seem to work by altering how the brain develops. They're involved in building the intricate "scaffolding", known as the cytoskeleton that organises the inside of our body's cells and culminate in a brain that is wired differently in left-handed people. Scans showed regions of the brain involved in language were better connected and more coordinated as a result. 他们发现了影响左撇子的四种基因指令。这些指令似乎是通过改变大脑的发育来起作用的。指令参与构建复杂的 “脚手架”，即细胞骨架，它组织我们体内的细胞，最终形成一个构造有别于惯用右手的人的左撇子大脑。扫描结果显示，左撇子的大脑中与语言有关的区域连接得更好，也更协调。 The researchers speculate the findings may give left-handed people greater verbal skills. The study also showed slightly higher risks of schizophrenia and slightly lower risks of Parkinson's disease in left-handed people. 研究人员推测，这些发现可能证实左撇子拥有更强的语言能力。此项研究还显示，左撇子患精神分裂症的风险略高，患帕金森病的风险略低。 词汇表 left-handed 惯用左手的 lefties 惯用左手的人 righties 惯用右手的人 genetic 基因的，遗传信息的 spot-the-difference 找不同 instructions （基因）指令 intricate 错综复杂的 scaffolding 脚手架（这里指细胞组建） cytoskeleton 细胞骨架 culminate in 以……告终 wired （大脑的）构造 coordinated 协调的 verbal skills 言语技能 schizophrenia 精神分裂症 Parkinson's disease 帕金森病 更多内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】

Slow walking and ageing Getting old might not be something that's yet to cross your mind. But ageing is inevitably going to get the better of us one day, so it's something I'm sure we'd all like control. It would be great to have a long, healthy and happy life, and that's why scientists are constantly seeking out evidence that will show us what we need to do to achieve longevity. 变老可能还不是你要考虑的事情。但总有一天，衰老会不可避免地战胜我们，所以我相信我们都希望控制衰老。拥有长寿、健康和幸福的生活是件很棒的事情，这就是为什么科学家们一直在寻找证据，向我们展示我们需要做些什么才能长寿。 We all know that regular exercise is good for us. In recent years we've been told to aim to walk 10,000 steps a day to remain healthy, although other advice to do three brisk 10-minute walks a day is thought to be even more effective. But the latest piece of research might put a spring in your step if you're someone who walks at a fast pace. That's because, according to scientists, the speed at which people walk in their 40s is a sign of how much their brains, as well as their bodies, are ageing. 我们都知道经常锻炼对我们有好处。最近几年，我们被告知每天要走10,000步来保持健康，尽管其他建议每天三次10分钟的快步走被认为更有效。但是，如果你是一个走路速度很快的人，那么最新的一项研究可能会让你的脚步轻快起来。这是因为，根据科学家的说法，40多岁的人走路的速度是他们的大脑和身体老化程度的一个标志。 The BBC's Philippa Roxby writes that tests on 1,000 people from New Zealand born in the 1970s found that slower walkers tended to show signs of "accelerated ageing". Their lungs, teeth and immune systems were in worse shape than those who walked faster. And to add insult to injury, the study found not only did slower walkers' bodies age more quickly, their faces looked older and they had smaller brains. Professor Terrie E Moffitt, lead author of the study, told the BBC: "[it] found that a slow walk is a problem sign decades before old age." 英国广播公司的菲利帕 · 罗克斯比写道，对1000名上世纪70年代出生的新西兰人进行的测试发现，步行较慢的人往往表现出“加速衰老”的迹象。他们的肺、牙齿和免疫系统比那些走得快的人更糟糕。雪上加霜的是，研究发现，走路慢的人不仅身体衰老得更快，他们的脸看起来也更老，而且他们的大脑也更小。这项研究的主要作者特里 · E · 莫菲特教授告诉英国广播公司: “(研究)发现，在老年之前几十年，慢走是一个出现问题的征兆。” This might be seen as a wake-up call for people with a slower gait who might feel it's time to work out and get fitter. But it might be too late; researchers writing in JAMA Network Open say they were able to predict the walking speed of 45-year-olds using the results of intelligence, language and motor skills tests from when they were aged three. They also suggest that even in early life, there are signs showing which people will go on to have a healthier life. 这可能会被视为对步伐较慢的人的警钟，他们可能会觉得是时候锻炼身体了。但可能为时已晚；研究人员在《美国医学会杂志网络开放版》上撰文称，他们能够使用3岁时的智力、语言和运动技能测试结果来预测45岁人群的步行速度。他们还表明，即使在生命的早期，也有迹象表明哪些人会继续过上更健康的生活。 So, what's the point of knowing that a slower walking pace might mean a smaller brain? Well, researchers say measuring walking speed at a younger age, and understanding what this might mean, could be a way of testing treatments to slow human ageing. This might help us make lifestyle changes while we're still young and healthy. Any steps we can take to prolong a good mental and physical state is a no brainer! 那么，知道步行速度较慢可能意味着较小的大脑有什么意义呢？研究人员表示，在年轻时测量行走速度，并了解这可能意味着什么，可能是测试减缓人类衰老的治疗方法的一种方式。这可能有助于我们在年轻健康的时候改变生活方式。我们可以采取任何措施来延长良好的精神和身体状态，这是显而易见的！ 词汇表 to cross one's mind （念头）闪现，想起 ageing 衰老 to get the better of sb 击败 longevity 长寿 brisk 轻快的 effective 有效的 a spring in your step 步伐轻快 fast pace 快节奏，快步伐 a slower walker 走路速度慢的人 accelerated ageing 加速老化 immune system 免疫系统 lung 肺部 in worse shape 情况更糟糕 to add insult to injury 往伤口撒盐 a wake-up call 警示 gait 步伐，步态 work out 锻炼身体 treatment 治疗方法 make lifestyle changes 改变生活习惯 a no brainer 容易理解的事情 ✔更多内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】

Culture Book review 文艺版块 书评 Heaps of trouble 堆积如山的问题 Wasteland. By Oliver Franklin-Wallis. 《垃圾场》，奥利弗·富兰克林-沃利斯著。 In "our mutual friend", Charles Dickens's last complete novel, stray paper "hangs on every bush, flutters in every tree, is caught flying by the electric wires, haunts every enclosure". Since those words were published in the 1860s, the world's waste problem has changed in both scale and composition. 在查尔斯·狄更斯最后一部完整的小说《我们共同的朋友》中，废纸“挂在每一株灌木上，在每一棵树上飘动，飞舞中被电线缠住，出没于每一个圈地”。自从这些文字在19世纪60年代发表以来，世界垃圾问题在规模和构成上都发生了变化。 These days plastic in one form or another is strewn on verges, clogs rivers and swirls around oceans in vast gyres. Circulated by winds and tides, tiny nanoplastics have penetrated all manner of watery ecosystems, reaching both the Earth's poles and its highest peaks, with unknown consequences for the planet. 如今，各种形式的塑料遍布道路两旁，堵塞了河流，并在巨大的海洋漩涡中旋转。在风和潮汐的作用下，微小的纳米塑料渗透到各种水生生态系统中，到达地球的两极和最高峰，给地球带来了难以预知的后果。 Worried by the pollution caused by a throwaway culture, Oliver Franklin-Wallis-a British journalist who has written for The Economist-heads to places that best illustrate this profligacy. In "Wasteland" he visits an Indian landfill that is piled almost as high as the Qutub Minar, a well-known minaret in Delhi; Ghana's largest second-hand clothes market, through which 15m garments are thought to pass every week; a former mining area in America that is blighted by dumped lead, zinc and cadmium; and a defunct nuclear-power plant in the north-west of England, which contrasts starkly with the natural beauty of the nearby Lake District. 曾为《经济学人》撰稿的英国记者奥利弗·富兰克林-沃利斯对丢弃文化造成的污染感到担忧，于是他前往最能说明这种肆意挥霍的地方。在《垃圾场》一书中，他参观了一个印度垃圾填埋场，该垃圾填埋场的堆放几乎与德里著名的尖塔库图卜塔一样高；加纳最大的二手服装市场，据信每周有1500万件服装通过该市场；美国的一个旧矿区被倾倒的铅、锌和镉污染；以及英格兰西北部一座已停用的核电站，它与附近湖区的自然美景形成了鲜明的对比。 He sees these places as evidence of human myopia about the Earth's fragility and the finitude of its resources. Rubbish, the author notes, is often deposited "on the margins, and on the marginalised". He explains the concept of "toxic colonialism", whereby trash is shipped by wealthier countries to poorer ones, and shows its detrimental effects up close. But he also acknowledges that the waste trade can sometimes be beneficial to communities on the receiving end: what one person deems useless, another sees as a potential source of income. 他认为这些地方证明了人类对地球脆弱性和资源有限性缺乏远见。作者指出，垃圾通常被“丢弃在边缘地区和被边缘化的人身上”。他解释了 “有毒殖民主义”的概念，即富裕国家将垃圾运往贫穷国家，并近距离展示了其有害影响。但他也承认，废物交易有时对接收端的社区有益：一个人认为无用的东西，另一个人认为是潜在的收入来源。 Throughout his tour of disfigured landscapes and industrial incinerators, Mr Franklin-Wallis decries the tactic of "planned obsolescence": ie, the marketing of products that quickly need to be replaced. A notorious early-20th-century example was the "light-bulb cartel", who conspired to slash the lifespan of their filaments. These days items ranging from "fast fashion" to wireless earbuds are liable to be thrown away or forgotten in a drawer before long. 富兰克林-沃利斯在参观毁貌的风景和工业焚化炉的过程中，谴责了“计划性淘汰”的策略：即销售需要迅速更换的产品。20世纪早期一个臭名昭著的例子是“灯泡卡特尔”，他们密谋缩短灯泡灯丝的寿命。如今，从“快时尚”到无线耳塞，很多东西很快就会被扔掉或遗忘在抽屉里。 The book comes alive in its descriptions of people and places. A paper-mill worker in southern England is "bald and aquiline, monkish, with the gentle stoop of an under-watered tulip". The appearance of a zero-waste zealot in the north of England is "somewhere between affable climate activist and festival drug-dealer". The colours and buzz of a market day in Accra are sketched in short, lively sentences, as is the dusty decay of an abandoned town in Oklahoma. Happily, Mr Franklin-Wallis writes stylishly about ugly things: cranes at a site for burning garbage "move slowly, Damoclesian, their noise a deep rumble"; the flow of rubbish at a waste plant is "relentless, the choreography balletic". 这本书对人物和地点的描写栩栩如生。英格兰南部的一个造纸厂工人是“秃顶、鹰钩鼻的、像修道士一样的人，弯着腰，像一朵浸过水的郁金香”。在英格兰北部，一个“零废弃”的狂热分子的出现“介于和蔼可亲的气候活动人士和节日毒贩之间”。阿克拉集市日的色彩和喧嚣用简短、生动的句子勾勒出来，俄克拉荷马州一个废弃小镇尘土飞扬的衰败景象也是如此。令人高兴的是，富兰克林-沃利斯先生用时髦的笔触描写了一些丑陋的事情: 在垃圾焚烧场的起重机“行动缓慢，如同达摩克利斯之剑悬挂其上，发出低沉的隆隆的响声”; 垃圾处理厂的垃圾流动是“无间断的，如芭蕾舞编排一般流畅”。 "Wasteland" is heavy on facts, many of them interesting and sobering. Twenty thousand plastic bottles are sold around the world every second. The world produced 2bn tonnes of solid waste in 2016, a figure that will rise to 3.3bn tonnes by 2050. But the piles of numbers can occasionally be a strain. At such moments, readers may find themselves agreeing that waste is "not the most appealing subject" for a book, as the author himself admits near the beginning of his. Overall, however, he dispels that impression. "Wasteland" does not offer novel solutions to the problem of waste. Mr Franklin-Wallis wants you to buy less and recycle more, along with a crackdown on "greenwashing" (whereby companies make exaggerated claims about their environmental credentials). But he succeeds in outlining the size of the challenge. His book should prompt serious discussion in boardrooms and parliaments. ★字数限制，完整翻译和词汇表见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】