英音听力｜BBC & 经济学人等 - 节目列表

Culture World in a dish 文化的盘中世界 A moveable feast A new book celebrates Chinese food's spread and savour. 流动的盛宴 一本赞美中国菜传播和美味的新书。 About a decade ago, this correspondent attended a banquet in Guangzhou. The bird's nest soup was gentle and slithery, the sea cucumber rich and gelatinous and the fish sparklingly fresh and perfectly steamed. The most memorable dish, however, was the plain white cup of broth served at the end. Made from chicken, probably with ham and dried scallop as well, it was simple, austere and perfect. 大约十年前，记者在广州参加了一个宴会。燕窝汤温和而滑腻，海参丰富而胶状，鱼闪闪发光、新鲜而且蒸得恰到好处。然而，最令人难忘的一道菜是最后端上来的一杯白色的肉汤。由鸡肉制成，可能还有火腿和干扇贝，简单、朴素、完美。 Ending a banquet with soup may seem odd to Westerners, accustomed as they are to sweets at a meal's close. But, as Fuchsia Dunlop, an English food writer, explains in an authoritative new book, stock is a unique, intrinsic expression of a chef's art, much as a voice is for a singer. And the "transparent, almost invisible soup…in its quiet golden, ineffable loveliness" is an ideal conclusion to a banquet, with its opulence and strong flavours. 对于西方人来说，以汤来结束宴会似乎有些奇怪，因为他们习惯于在用餐结束时吃甜食。但是，正如英国美食作家福夏·邓洛普在一本权威新书中解释的那样，高汤是厨艺的一种独特的内在表达，就像声音对于歌手一样。“透明的，几乎看不见的汤…在它安静的金色中，不可言喻的可爱”是一个宴会的理想结尾，有着丰富和浓郁的味道。 "Invitation to a Banquet" is Ms Dunlop's seventh book. Unlike those for which she is best known, including "The Food of Sichuan" and "Revolutionary Kitchen" (about Hunanese cuisine), this is not a cookbook. Instead, she has chosen 30 dishes and used each to illuminate different aspects of Chinese cuisine-and, in turn, Chinese life and history. This is less of a departure for Ms Dunlop than it seems. Like other outsiders who spend their lives focused on a foreign cuisine-as Diana Kennedy, an English food writer, did in Mexico, or Paula Wolfert, an American, did in the Middle East-she is more a gatherer than an inventor of recipes. Ms Dunlop's well-researched cookbooks read as mini-ethnographies. 《宴会的邀请》是邓洛普女士的第七本书。不像她最著名的书，包括《川菜》和《革命厨房》（关于湘菜），这不是一本烹饪书。相反，她选择了30道菜，用每一道菜来展示中国烹饪的不同方面，进而展示中国的生活和历史。对邓洛普来说，这并不像看上去那样是离经叛道的行为。像其他致力于外国美食的外来者一样——如英国美食作家戴安娜·肯尼迪在墨西哥所做的，或美国人保拉·沃尔弗特在中东所做的——与其说她是食谱的发明者，不如说她是收集者。邓洛普女士精心研究的烹饪书读起来像是迷你民族志。 Readers will not learn how to make braised pomelo pith with shrimp eggs but how and why Chinese chefs have long prized unusual (and to Western palates, sometimes off-putting) ingredients, such as the bitter pith of a giant citrus fruit. An apparently humble, but in fact exceptionally laborious, dish of braised carp's tail is a jumping-off point for a discussion of the importance of kougan, or mouth-feel, in Chinese cuisine. 读者将学到的不是如何用虾卵烹制红烧柚子瓤，而是中国厨师如何以及为何长期以来一直珍视不寻常的（对于西方人的味觉来说有时是令人反感的）食材，如巨大柑橘类水果的苦瓤。红烧鲤鱼尾这道菜看似不起眼，实际上却异常费工，它是讨论口感在中国菜中的重要性的切入点。 Westerners, Ms Dunlop argues, "have traditionally assumed that the Chinese eat marginal animal parts out of poverty and desperation", when in fact turning up one's nose at gizzards, cartilage and jellyfish shuts the door on a range of foods that is wonderfully cui ("slippery and crunchy, often in a wet way"). 邓洛普女士认为，西方人“传统上认为中国人吃动物的边缘部分是出于贫穷和绝望”，而事实上，对胗、软骨和海蜇的嗤之以鼻，让人们对一系列奇妙的“脆”食物（"又滑又脆，通常是湿的"）望而却步。 In aggregate, Ms Dunlop makes a compelling case for the superiority of Chinese cuisine, and in a delighted and expansive rather than chauvinistic way. She shows how it has assimilated foreign influences (as other cuisines have, too), how it has changed with China's increasing wealth and how central it is to the country's intellectual and cultural history. 总之，邓洛普女士为中国菜的优越性提出了令人信服的理由，而且是以一种令人愉悦的、广阔的而非盲目爱国的方式提出的。她展示了中国菜是如何吸收外来影响的（其他菜系也是如此），中国菜是如何随着中国的日益富裕而变化的，以及中国菜在中国的思想和文化历史中是多么重要。 She makes an equally compelling case that what Westerners think of as "Chinese food", meaning what most can find at their local takeaway, is neither inauthentic nor wrong. Instead, it is a diasporic offshoot that reflects local tastes but is about as representative of the cuisine's diversity as a frozen pizza is of Italy's. Immigration and adventurousness have made the real thing more accessible than ever outside China. Eaters should savour that. 她提出了一个同样令人信服的案例，即西方人认为的“中国菜”，即大多数人在他们当地点到的外卖，并没有不正宗和不够意思。相反，它是一个散居的分支，反映了当地的口味，但与意大利的冷冻比萨饼一样代表了美食的多样性。移民和冒险精神使真正的东西比以往任何时候都更容易在中国境外找到。食客们应该好好品尝一下。 ✔更多内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】

The school run by kids Welcome to our school. At this school in Thailand, the kids are in charge. From taking assembly at the start of the day to checking uniforms. Many of the kids who come to the Mee Chai Pattana school are from poorer backgrounds. But this school has the environment at the heart of its mission. 欢迎来到我们的学校。在泰国的这所学校里，孩子们说了算。从一天开始的集合到检查校服。Mee Chai Pattana学校的许多孩子来自贫困家庭。但这所学校的使命是保护环境。 The students pay for their education by planting 800 trees a year. They're also responsible for doing 400 hours of community service each year. Smichai Pattana School is also known as the Bamboo School because many of the school buildings are constructed from bamboo, a fast-growing plant that is common in Thailand. We don't have a janitor in our schools, so the work has to be done by the students. 学生们通过每年植树 800 棵来支付学费。此外，他们还负责每年400小时的社区服务。Smichai Pattana 学校也被称为竹子学校，因为许多学校建筑是用竹子建造的，竹子是一种在泰国很常见的快速生长的植物。我们学校没有清洁工，所以工作必须由学生来做。 The idea behind the school is to inspire a future generation of leaders. I really love it here because it's a lot of difference to other schools. It's a boarding school and it teaches me a lot of experience that I never learned before. And I meet new friends, they are all good to me. 学校的理念是激励未来一代的领导者。我非常喜欢这里，因为它与其他学校有很大不同。这是一所寄宿学校，它让我学到了很多以前从未学到过的经验。我还认识了新朋友，他们对我都很好。 So this is English classroom. While teachers are still responsible for leading the lessons, the students choose who teaches them. And decisions about rules and discipline are down to the student council. Even the school dinners are organised by the pupils, while older students serve the meals and everyone is in charge of their own washing up. Any dirt left on your plate and you're sent back to wash it again. I think I'd fit right in. My washing up skills are impeccable. 这就是英语课堂。虽然教师仍然负责授课，但由学生选择授课人。校规和纪律由学生会决定。就连学校的晚餐也是由学生组织的，高年级学生负责盛饭，每个人都负责自己的洗碗工作。如果盘子里有残留污渍，就会被送回去再洗一遍。我觉得我很适合到那里。我的洗碗技术无可挑剔。 ✔更多内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】

In every language, there's one word which has special power over us: our name. Our senses, feelings and whole identity are closely linked to our name. Yet strangely, our name isn't usually something we choose – it's given to us by our parents. But what if the name you were given at birth doesn't fit? Maybe you simply don't like it, or maybe there are bigger reasons for wanting to change your name, reasons connected with historical injustices, or unfair events in the past. In this programme, we'll be meeting two people whose family history has caused them to consider changing their name. And, as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well. Sounds good, Beth, but first I have a question for you. My name – Neil – is a British name and was given to me at birth. But names change a lot between cultures and religions. Many Muslim boys are named Mohammed, Indian boys are often called Ram or Krishna, and in Mexico, some boys are named Jesus. So according to a recent global survey, what is currently the world's most popular boys' name? Is it: a) Jesus? b) Mohammed? or, c) Noah? Hmm, I guess it's Mohammed. OK Beth, I'll reveal the answer at the end of the programme. In Britain, a person's first name is also called their Christian name, and in Christianity, many names have a religious meaning. The name John, for example, means 'God is good'. Anderson Jeremiah is the Bishop of Edmonton. He was born in South India, but he doesn't have a traditional Indian sounding name. Here, Bishop Jeremiah explains the roots of his name to BBC World Service programme, Heart and Soul: It was the name of one John Anderson. He was the first educational missionary who came and worked and set up several schools in South India, who had very noble ambitions, but also as with any missionaries, he was a big collaborator of the colonial establishment at that point in time, so he has a very a strong baggage that goes with it. So, Anderson is my Christian name, and Jeremiah is my dad's name. Bishop Anderson Jeremiah's name comes from another man, John Anderson, a Christian missionary during the British empire. The history of the British empire in India is controversial with many views on all sides. Bishop Jeremiah thinks that some of the empire's missionaries were noble, meaning admirable or morally good. But nevertheless, John Anderson was part of a violent and exploitative empire. Bishop Jeremiah uses the word baggage to describe the beliefs, especially outdated or unhelpful beliefs, which influence how people think. Emotional baggage tends to influence the feelings of one individual, while historical baggage can affect whole societies. In India, names serve an important purpose: to signify social status. Low-status Indians, including Bishop Anderson's grandparents, escaped social discrimination by converting to Christianity and taking another, Christian, name. But elsewhere in the British Empire, names were connected with something completely unchristian: slavery. Black British writer, Professor Robert Beckford, is an activist theologian at the University of Winchester. His surname – Beckford - is a slave name, passed down from his enslaved African ancestors in 18th century Jamaica. Here, Professor Beckford talks to BBC World Service programme, Heart and Soul, about his decision to name his son, Micah: My son is named Micah, Micah Beckford, after one of the prophets, so I do like the idea of people in the Biblical tradition who speak truth to power, who ruffle people's feathers, who challenge the injustice. I haven't thought of giving myself a biblical name. I could never find a name that really resonated with me. The phrase to speak truth to power describes times when people non-violently resist an oppressive force, such as a government or corporation, by telling the truth. And if you ruffle someone's feathers, you upset or annoy them. Maybe it's not so much your name, as what you do with it that counts. Anyway, it's time to reveal the answer to your question, Neil. Yes, I asked you which boys' name is currently the world's most popular, and you guessed Mohammed, which was… the correct answer! Right, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned, starting with injustice, a situation lacking fairness or justice. In British English, your Christian name is your first name, the name you were given at birth. The adjective noble means admirable or morally good. Baggage refers to beliefs and feelings, especially outdated or unhelpful ones, which influence how someone thinks. The idiom speak truth to power describes when people non-violently resist an oppressive force, such as a government or corporation, by telling the truth. And finally, to ruffle someone's feathers means to upset or annoy them. Once again, our six minutes are up, but remember to join us again next time for more trending topics and useful vocabulary, here at 6 Minute English. Goodbye for now! Bye! ✔更多内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】

A brief history to coffee Globally, over two billion cups of coffee are consumed every day. In Britain alone, we need around 95 million cups to keep us going from dawn 'til dusk. But 450 years ago, Western Europe had barely even heard of it. Coffee's roots lie in Ethiopia, where the wild plant grew. People slowly started to realise that the dried fruit, when roasted and ground, could be used to produce a beverage which was curiously addictive, and gave its drinker a bit of a buzz. 全球每天消费的咖啡超过 20 亿杯。仅在英国，我们就需要约 9500 万杯咖啡，才能从清晨一直喝到黄昏。但在 450 年前，西欧甚至还没听说过咖啡。咖啡起源于埃塞俄比亚，那里生长着一种野生植物。人们慢慢开始意识到，这种干果经烘焙和研磨后，可以用来制作一种饮料，这种饮料会让人上瘾，喝了之后还能让人兴奋。 Coffee is, let's face it, an acquired taste. Early Western drinkers were fascinated by it, recognising its potential as a drink which was ideal for business. Wine and beer were great, but they weren't always conducive to delicate negotiations which required a clear head. When Westerners brought the drink back to Britain, reactions were polarised, including one description of it as, "Pluto's diet-drink, that witches tipple out of dead men's skulls." 让我们面对现实吧，咖啡是一种后天养成的嗜好。早期的西方饮者对咖啡情有独钟，他们认识到咖啡作为一种理想的商务饮品的潜力。葡萄酒和啤酒固然不错，但它们并不总是有利于需要清醒头脑的微妙谈判。当西方人把这种饮料带回英国时，人们对它的反应两极分化，有人形容它是“冥王星的减肥饮料，巫师们从死人头骨中提取的小酒。” The first coffee house in the UK opened in Oxford in 1651, followed by London, and they quickly became sort of proto-clubs. There were coffee houses for all sorts - from bankers to merchants, literati to men about town, and they were often heavily politicised. Charles II tried to ban them for encouraging sedition. Many subscribed to journals and newspapers for their clientele and, since a dish of coffee cost only a penny, they became known as the 'penny universities'. They were, however, only for men, and coffee quickly became seen as a masculine drink. Even today, men drink more coffee than women. 英国的第一家咖啡馆于 1651 年在牛津开张，随后在伦敦开张，它们很快就成了一种原生态俱乐部。从银行家到商人，从文人雅士到市井小民，各种各样的人都有咖啡馆，而且这些咖啡馆往往被严重政治化。查理二世曾试图以煽动叛乱为由取缔咖啡馆。许多咖啡馆为顾客订阅期刊和报纸，由于一碟咖啡只需一便士，因此被称为“便士大学”。然而，这些大学只为男性开设，咖啡很快就被视为一种男性饮品。时至今日，男性喝咖啡的数量仍多于女性。 The taste still put many people off, but the British habit of drinking it with milk and sugar, like their tea, helped. By the 18th Century it was established as a part of British life, emerging out of coffee houses and into its place as an after-dinner drink. In the 19th Century coffee was still pretty bad, until the Italian invention of the espresso machine which forced pressurised water through a small amount of ground beans - a huge step forward from simply steeping coffee and filtering it, and then keeping it warm for hours until needed. Italian coffee culture, with its futuristic and gleaming coffee machines and aura of effortless cool, spread across the Western world. Their rules, well... ruled - including tenets such as never drink a cappuccino after lunch. 咖啡的味道仍然让很多人望而却步，但是英国人喝茶的习惯是加牛奶和糖，就像他们喝茶一样。到了18世纪，它已经成为英国生活的一部分，走出咖啡馆，成为餐后饮料。在19世纪，咖啡味道仍然很差，直到意大利发明了浓缩咖啡机，高压水注入少量磨碎的咖啡豆--这比简单地浸泡咖啡、过滤咖啡，然后保温数小时直至需要时才饮用的做法向前迈进了一大步。意大利的咖啡文化，以其未来主义和闪闪发光的咖啡机和毫不费力的酷光环，传播到整个西方世界。他们的规矩，呃... 规矩包括午饭后不能喝卡布奇诺。 The last 20 years have seen the rise of new types of coffee - long, flavoured American drinks, along with the Antipodean flat whites. We've also adopted a new way of drinking it. Wandering down the street coffee cup in hand is such a ubiquitous sight now that it's hard to remember this is a recent fad. It's a fundamental part of hipster identity - along with beards and vintage cardis, knowing your cold brew from your nitro is vital. Society - and coffee - have moved on a lot in 450 years. But some things haven't changed. So, here's to coffee, with a side of sedition, sociability and amazing cool. 在过去的20年里，新型咖啡兴起了——时间长、味道浓的美国饮料，还有澳大利亚的扁平白咖啡。我们还采用了一种新的饮用方式。现在，手持咖啡杯漫步街头已成为一种无处不在的景象，很难让人想起这是最近才兴起的时尚。这是潮人身份的一个基本组成部分--与胡子和复古卡其裤一样，了解冷萃氮气咖啡至关重要。450年来，社会和咖啡都发生了很大的变化。但是有些事情并没有改变。所以，为咖啡干杯，它有煽动性、社会性和惊人的酷。 ✔更多内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】

New satellite to monitor solar storms The huge solar storm that hit Earth this month was described as the biggest in two decades. The Sun blasted intense radiation, billions of tonnes of matter and strong magnetic fields at our planet. 本月袭击地球的大型太阳风暴堪称近二十年来最大的一次。太阳向地球发射出强烈的辐射，释放出数十亿吨的物质和强磁场。 The coloured lights in the sky were spectacular, but the effects could've been much worse. Such storms can interrupt radio communications and even damage power grids, which is why the UK has been pushing its partners in the European Space Agency to build a new satellite to give earlier warnings. 这让天空中的色彩看上去十分壮观，但后果可能比想象的更严重。这种规模的太阳风暴可能会中断无线电通信，甚至会破坏电网。这就是为什么英国一直在敦促其在欧洲航天局的合作伙伴建造一颗新卫星以发出早期预警。 This spacecraft called 'Vigil' has now been ordered from Airbus UK. It'll be sent millions of miles away so it can see the side of the Sun that's about to rotate into view of the Earth. This'll give forecasters a further three to four days' notice of trouble that could be coming our way. 这艘名为 “Vigil（警戒）” 的航天器现已由空中客车英国公司接单制造。它将被送往数百万英里之外，以便能够看到太阳即将旋转面对地球的那一面。这将使天文预报人员能提前三到四天预知可能要发生的麻烦。 词汇表 solar storm 太阳风暴 blasted （爆炸）发射出 radiation 辐射 matter 物质 magnetic fields 磁场 interrupt 中断、干扰 power grids 电网 spacecraft 航天器 rotate 旋转 forecasters 预报人员 ✔更多内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】

​How sponge cities could prevent floods Devastating floods are becoming more and more common around the world. The warming climate is leading to heavier rainfall, but could the way that cities are growing be making things worse? Could we design cities in a different way to reduce the risk of flooding? 毁灭性的洪水在世界各地越来越常见。气候变暖导致降雨量增加，但城市的发展方式是否会使情况变得更糟？我们能否以不同的方式设计城市，以降低洪水风险？ As cities expand, and more and more land is underneath concrete or paving, less water is absorbed and more needs to be channelled away by storm drains and sewerage systems. As they become overwhelmed by the volume of water, the risk of flash flooding increases. Could it be that we've been taking the wrong approach? 随着城市的扩张，越来越多的土地被混凝土或铺路覆盖，吸水能力下降，更多的水需要通过雨水渠和下水道系统排走。当雨水管道和下水道系统不堪水量重负时，山洪暴发的风险就会增加。这会不会是因为我们采取了错误的方法？ Chinese landscape architect Yu Kongjian certainly thinks so. In 2013, he proposed the concept of 'sponge cities', which are designed to soak up water – like a sponge – reducing the risk of sudden floods. Natural solutions are encouraged, using riverside parks and ponds to absorb floodwater. 中国景观设计师俞孔坚当然也这么认为。2013 年，他提出了“海绵城市”的概念。“海绵城市”的设计理念是像海绵一样吸收水分，从而降低突发洪水的风险。他鼓励采用自然解决方案，利用河滨公园和池塘吸收洪水。 Approaches inspired by this have been taken by cities across the world. Auckland, in New Zealand, was named the spongiest city in one study. It has replaced the concrete culverts around the Oakley creek stream with green banks and connected parks. This has reduced flooding in the nearby residential areas as well as the amount of associated contamination which used to be washed into the sea. 受此启发的方法已被世界各地的城市采用。在一项研究中，新西兰的奥克兰被评为“最海绵的城市”。它用绿色的河岸和相连的公园取代了奥克利溪流周围的混凝土暗渠。这减少了附近居民区的洪水，也减少了过去被冲入大海的相关污染物的数量。 Auckland has taken a natural approach, but a much more high-tech method can be seen in Amsterdam. The Dutch city has installed blue-green roofs on a number of buildings. These roofs have a layer of plants on the outside, and then layers underneath which collect and store rainwater. This water can be used by people in the building below to water plants or flush toilets. Sophisticated software can even tell the roofs to release water ahead of upcoming storms to maximise the system's ability to soak up rainwater. It can even identify which areas of the city are at most risk and tailor the response accordingly. 奥克兰采用的是自然方法，但在阿姆斯特丹可以看到更高科技的方法。荷兰阿姆斯特丹市在许多建筑物上安装了蓝绿色屋顶。这些屋顶外面种了一层植物，下面几层则收集和储存雨水。这些水可以被下面建筑中的人们用来浇灌植物或冲洗厕所。先进的软件甚至可以告诉屋顶在暴风雨来临之前提前放水，以最大限度地提高系统吸收雨水的能力。它甚至还能识别城市中哪些地区的风险最大，并据此调整应对措施。 Yu Kongjian describes the sponge city approach as using Tai Chi with nature instead of boxing. Questions have been raised as to whether a natural approach is sufficient when faced with increased rain fall globally. What remains to be seen is whether increased scale and combination with modern technology can help natural methods save many more people from flooding. 俞孔坚将海绵城市的做法描述为用太极与自然的结合，而非拳击。面对全球降雨量的增加，人们不禁要问，自然方法是否足够？增加规模和结合现代技术是否能助力自然方法拯救更多的人免遭洪灾，这仍有待观察。 词汇表 concrete 混凝土 paving 铺路的材料 channel away 疏导，排出 storm drain 雨水渠 sewerage system 下水道系统 overwhelmed 被淹没的 flash flooding 突发性洪水 landscape architect 景观设计师 soak up 吸收，吸掉（液体） absorb （逐渐）吸收 floodwater 内涝积水，洪水 culvert 地下排水管道 bank 堤岸 wash into 冲入 blue-green roof 种有绿色植物、有助于管理雨水的 “蓝绿色屋顶” ✔更多内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】

Taylor Swift Eras Tour: Swifties react to 'amazing' Eras Tour concert in Edinburgh Hey Newsrounds, I'm Kyrie and I'm about to watch Taylor Swift! I live in Edinburgh and it's the first time that Taylor Swift has played a show here. Hi Newsrounds! I'm so excited. But first, let's rewind. 嘿，Newsrounds，我是凯里，我即将观看泰勒·斯威夫特的演出！我住在爱丁堡，这是泰勒·斯威夫特第一次在这里演出。嗨，Newsrounds！我太激动了，但首先，让我们倒带。 Hey, come in. To prepare for tonight, I've been camping outside Murrayfield Stadium, listening to her albums all day, trading bracelets with people. These are my favorite bracelets because this one's fearless, and my favorite album's fearless. And this one, I love this one so much because of all the beads, and this one's folklore. Anyway, it's nearly showtime, and I need to make sure I'm ready for it. 嘿，请进。为了准备今晚的演出，我一直在默里菲尔德体育场外露营，整天听她的专辑，和人们交换手镯。这些是我最喜欢的手镯，因为这个是《fearless》，我最喜欢的专辑《fearless》。还有这个，我非常喜欢这个，因为所有的珠子，还有这个的《folklore》。不管怎样，快到演出时间了，我得确保自己准备好了。 But before we head in, I'm speaking to another Swifty who's already been lucky enough to see the Eras Tour. Hey Nina, can you describe the Errors Tour in three words? Incredible, magical and loud. What was your favourite memory from the Eras Tour? Probably actually the very beginning, when you got revealed from this platform in the middle of the stage. It was just great. 但在我们开始之前，我正在与另一位霉粉交谈，她已经有幸观看了时代巡演。嘿，妮娜，你能用三个词来形容时代之旅吗？不可思议，神奇而响亮。在时代巡演中，你最喜欢的记忆是什么？可能实际上是最开始的时候，当你在舞台中间从这个平台上被揭示出来的时候。简直太棒了。 Let's hear what everyone else thought of the show. Did you have a good time? Yeah, it was amazing, I loved it. What was your favourite bit in the Aerostorm? Definitely when she started to sing Torture Poets Department, that's my favourite album. I really loved the reputation. When Taylor played piano. I like piano because I also play piano. Could you tell us a bit more about your bracelet? Yeah, so actually I've made quite a lot for tonight and I've made some lots for care homes too. So I've went to a couple this week and I'm going to some more next week. That's so cool. Would you like to trade bracelets? Of course. Fearless. Thank you so much. Fearless is my favourite album. 让我们听听大家对演出的看法。玩得开心吗？是的，非常棒，我很喜欢。你最喜欢 Aerostorm 的哪一段？肯定是她开始唱《Torture Poets Department》的时候，那是我最喜欢的专辑。我真的很喜欢《reputation》。泰勒弹钢琴的时候。我喜欢钢琴，因为我也弹钢琴。能跟我们说说你的手链吗？是的，实际上我为今晚做了很多，也为护理院做了很多。这周我去了几家，下周还要去几家。太酷了。你想交换手链吗？当然。《fearless》。非常感谢《fearless》是我最喜欢的专辑 ✔更多内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】

Culture Forgoing the single life 文化 放弃出单曲 Pop stars are all about albums Contradictory though it may seem in the streaming era. 流行巨星都在做专辑，这在流媒体时代，似乎有些矛盾。 To Billie Eilish, things like cassettes and CDS probably seem charmingly retro. Born in 2001, the musician was six years old when Spotify launched; today she is the fourth-most popular artist on the platform. Ms Eilish has only ever known 21st-century listening habits. And yet she has emerged as an unlikely champion of a time-worn format: the album. She declared that her new record, "Hit Me Hard and Soft", released in May, was a"cohesive" piece of work, "ideally listened to in its entirety from beginning to end". No singles were released in advance as amuse-bouches for famished fans. 对比莉·艾利什来说，像卡带和cd这样的东西似乎是迷人的复古。这位音乐家2001年出生，Spotify成立时他才6岁;如今，她是该平台上人气排名第四的艺人。艾利什女士只知道21世纪的倾听习惯。然而，她却出人意料地成为了一种过时形式的拥护者：专辑。她宣称她5月发行的新唱片《Hit Me Hard and Soft》是一部“有凝聚力”的作品，“从头到尾完整地听是理想的”。没有一首单曲是提前发布的，供饥渴的粉丝们一次听够。 She is not the only hitmaker emphasising the album rather than its component parts. Ariana Grande advertised "Eternal Sunshine", released in March, with just one single, stressing that she wanted listeners to "experience the album in full this time". Dua Lipa's debut album in 2017 was preceded by six singles; she scaled back for her latest record. And Taylor Swift has issued four successive sets of new material with no advance singles. Two of these were "surprise releases", announced just ahead of their arrival, which again emphasises the primacy of the album format. 她并不是唯一一个强调专辑而非其组成部分的热门人物。阿丽亚娜·格兰德为3月份发行的《Eternal Sunshine》做广告，只推出了一首单曲，强调她希望听众“这次能完整体验这张专辑”。杜阿·丽帕在2017年的首张专辑之前有六首单曲；而她的最新专辑则缩减了单曲数量。泰勒·斯威夫特已经连续发行了四张没有提前发行单曲的新专辑。其中两张是在他们将来之际宣布的“惊喜发行”，这再次强调了专辑形式的首要地位。 For decades after the birth of recorded music in the 1920s, the single was the only thing that mattered, mostly because it was the only thing there was: early gramophone records could hold just a few minutes of music on each side. As technology improved, playing times increased, and groups such as the Beatles came to see LPs ("long play") as statements of ambition. From the mid-1960s onwards, albums became something to be appreciated as complete works of art. In 1988 Prince released his "Lovesexy" album on CD as one continuous track, with the explicit goal of making it impossible to cherry-pick songs. 在20世纪20年代唱片音乐诞生后的几十年里，单曲是唯一重要的东西，主要是因为它是唯一的东西：早期的留声机唱片每侧只能容纳几分钟的音乐。随着技术的进步，播放时间的增加，披头士等团体开始将LP（“长时间播放”）视为野心的宣言。从 20 世纪 60 年代中期开始，专辑开始被当作完整的艺术品来欣赏。1988 年，王子将他的《Lovesexy》专辑制成一张连续的 CD 发行，其明确的目标是让人们无法挑选歌曲。 No doubt Ms Eilish and co want to prove their serious musical chops. Pop music is still often regarded as ephemeral, because it relies on catchy tracks that can dominate airwaves and charts. Singles account for around 65% of a hit rock album's total "consumption" (including streaming as well as physical purchases). For a pop album that figure rises to 85%. 毫无疑问，艾利什女士和她的团队想要证明他们的音乐实力。流行音乐通常仍被视为昙花一现，因为它依赖于朗朗上口的曲目，这些曲目可以在广播和排行榜上占据主导地位。在一张热门摇滚专辑的总 "消费"（包括流媒体和实体购买）中，单曲约占 65%。流行专辑的这一比例则高达 85%。 This crop of pop stars has discovered that a deluge can be better than a drip-feed. Stars can encourage fans to buy their record on vinyl and stream the album, too. .As a result, "The artist and their label partner earn twice," says Chris Cooke of CMU, a music-industry website. And, by releasing the songs all at once, artists enjoy the kind of chart dominance that sporadic singles do not provide. Ms Eilish currently has three tracks in the Billboard top 20. After the release of "The Tortured Poets Department", Ms Swift claimed the top 14 spots. Singles are still useful for pop's aspiring princesses, but not the queens. 这批流行明星发现，"大水漫灌 "比 "滴灌 "效果更好。明星们可以鼓励歌迷购买他们的黑胶唱片，也可以用流媒体播放专辑。音乐产业网站 CMU 的克里斯·库克说："这样一来，艺人和他们的唱片公司合作伙伴都能获得双倍收入。而且，通过一次性发行歌曲，艺术家们还能享受到零星单曲所无法提供的排行榜优势。艾莉什女士目前有三首歌曲进入了公告牌前 20 名。在《The Tortured Poets Department》发行后，斯威夫特女士占据了前 14 位。单曲对流行乐的有抱负的公主们仍然有用，但对女王们却没有用。 ✔更多内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】

The dangers of copying successful people We love successful people, and we love trying to learn from and copy them, to try and understand the qualities that fueled their success. Steve Jobs, for example. Many of his biographers highlight his passionate temper as being one of the factors in Apple's success. Or take Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg, neither of whom finished university, a fact that has attracted a lot of admiration in the media. 我们喜欢成功的人，我们喜欢学习和模仿他们，试图理解他们成功的特质。比如史蒂夫·乔布斯。他的许多传记作者都强调他的激情是苹果公司成功的因素之一。再以比尔·盖茨和马克·扎克伯格为例，他们都没有完成大学学业，但这一事实却引起了媒体的广泛赞叹。 But trying to learn from and copy the successful can be dangerous, and it comes down to something called survivorship bias. One of the most famous examples of survivorship bias in action was during World War II, when a statistician named Abraham Wald was asked to study how best to protect airplanes from being shot down. At first, the approach of his research group had been to look at the planes coming back, see where they were hit the worst, and then reinforce those areas. 但是，试图学习和复制成功者可能是危险的，这就是所谓的幸存者偏差。在第二次世界大战期间，一位名叫亚伯拉罕·瓦尔德的统计学家被要求研究如何最好地保护飞机不被击落，这就是幸存者偏差最著名的实例之一。起初，他的研究小组的方法是观察返航的飞机，看看它们被击中最严重的地方，然后加固这些区域。 Wald, however, realised this approach missed the valuable part of the picture. The planes that were hit, but that hadn't made it back. The planes they were looking at were just the survivors. The bullet holes they were looking at actually indicated the areas a plane could be hit and keep flying. These were exactly the areas that didn't need reinforcing. In other words, if you don't want to be misled by survivorship bias, you have to look at the whole picture. 然而，瓦尔德意识到这种方法忽略了画面中最有价值的部分。也就是那些被击中但还没有返航的飞机。他们看到的飞机只是幸存者。他们看到的弹孔实际上是飞机被击中后仍能继续飞行的区域。这些正是不需要加固的区域。换句话说，如果你不想被幸存者偏差所误导，你就必须纵观全局。 Survivorship bias can turn up in lots of places. A gym will share examples of people who have successfully changed their body shape in a short amount of time, of time but won't discuss all the other people who gave up along the way. Or, a 40-year-old car that's still running will have people saying, don't make them like they used to, ignoring all the other cars from that period that broke down and had to be scrapped. 幸存者偏差可能出现在很多地方。健身房会分享那些在短时间内成功改变体型的人的例子，但不会讨论所有在此过程放弃的人。或者，对于一辆车龄达40年的汽车仍能行驶，人们会称赞，现在的车不像以前了，却忽略了和那辆车同时期所有其他坏掉的、不得不报废的车。 Even in science, there's currently a worry about how journals prefer to publish studies with significant results, with studies that fizzled out or showed insignificant results left unpublished. The result in all these examples is a skewed picture of the world. And it's the same with the examples we were looking at earlier. If you only look at people like Gates and Zuckerberg when it comes to higher education, you're ignoring all the other people that didn't go to university. And the data, if you include them, show that average earnings for this group are lower. While you don't have to finish university to earn a lot, if you look at the whole picture, it's clear it does help. 即使是在科学领域，目前也有一种担忧，即期刊偏好发表有重大成果的研究，而对那些失败的或结果不显著的研究则不予发表。所有这些例子的都导致了对世界的歪曲。我们之前看到的例子也是如此。从接受高等教育的角度看，如果你只看像盖茨和扎克伯格这样（没完成大学学业）的人，你就忽略了所有其他同样没上过大学的人。数据显示，算上的人后，这个群体的平均收入更低。虽然你不需要完成大学学业才能挣到很多钱，但是如果你从整体上来看，很明显学历这是有帮助的。 And what about those entrepreneurs with the temper that didn't succeed? It's the same with all the remarkable qualities successful people tend to talk about. Without looking at all the others who took big risks or had the courage to ignore conventional advice, we don't know if these qualities help or, another option, they're irrelevant. And the success of the people you're looking at is the result of other factors, or just dumb luck. 但那些缺乏成功特质的企业家呢？成功人士津津乐道的所有卓越品质也是如此。如果没看到那些冒巨大风险或敢于无视传统建议的人，我们不知道这些品质是否有用，或者，换句话说，它们是无关紧要的。你看到的这些人的成功是其他因素的结果，或者纯粹是运气好。 In his 2012 book, Michael Mavison describes a man inspired by a succession of dreams to believe he'd win the Spanish lottery if he could purchase a ticket number whose last two digits were 48. After getting hold of such a ticket, amazingly, turned out to be a winner. Later, when an interviewer asked why he'd picked that number, he said, I dreamed of the number 7 for 7 straight nights, and 7 times 7 is 48. 迈克尔·马维森在2012年的书中描述了一个男人，他在一连串睡梦的启发下，相信如果他能购买一个最后两位数为48的彩票号码，他就会中西班牙彩票。在拿到这样一张彩票后，他竟然真中奖了。后来，当采访者问他为什么选择这个数字时，他说：我连续 7 个晚上梦见数字 7，7 乘以 7 就是48。 Maybe success can be helped by a temper. Maybe a lack of higher education can give you an advantage. Maybe innumerate dreaming can make you rich. But until you consider the whole picture, you might want to think twice before trying to learn from successful. 也许某些特质可以帮助你取得成功。也许没有受过高等教育也会给你带来优势。也许天马行空的梦想能让你变得富有。但是，在你考虑到全局之前，在试图向成功者学习之前，你可能要三思而后行。 ✔更多内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】

Too old to have a baby? Women today are having fewer babies. More women are delaying having children until their forties - the period of ten years in life between 40 and 49. And some women are giving birth in their fifties, their sixties, even their seventies! There are many reasons behind the trend for older mums including better access to education and careers. But there are also health risks to having children later in life, so in this programme we'll be asking: when are you too old to have a baby? And, as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well. But first I have a question for you, Neil. In 2019, Mangayamma Yaramati gave birth to twins in the state of Andhra Pradesh, South India. But these were no ordinary twins because Mangayamma was the oldest recorded woman ever to give birth. So how old was the oldest ever mum when she gave birth. Was she: a) 53 years-old? b) 63 years old? or c) 73 years old? Hmm, I'm going to guess 63. OK, Neil, we'll find out the correct answer at the end of the programme. Professor of reproductive science at University College London, Joyce Harper, has been studying the trend of women choosing to have babies later in life. Here she shares her discoveries with BBC World Service programme, Global Story: Ten, twenty, thirty years ago, women were having children at a much younger age. Now it's become quite normal for women in their thirties, as we see with the world data, there's many countries where women have their first birth over the age of 30. But this is quite a new phenomena… that's why this term 'geriatric mother' unfortunately still lingers. Professor Harper uses the word phenomena to describe the trend for older mothers. Phenomena are unusual or significant facts and events that exist and are talked about. People often get this wrong, but the plural form is phenomena and the singular is phenomenon. The concept of older mothers is still quite a new phenomenon, and attitudes towards them are changing. Mothers over the age of 35 used to be called 'geriatric', a word many found offensive. Fortunately, this term is no longer used, but social disapproval of older mothers still lingers. If something lingers it continues to exist longer than usual or expected. Yes, in some cultures older mothers are still disapproved of. But wait a minute, Neil - it takes two to make a baby! What's the man's role in all this? Well, unlike women, whose ability to naturally get pregnant declines sharply in their forties, men's fertility lasts longer. Rolling Stone, Mick Jagger, famously had his eighth child with his 29-year-old partner at the age of 73. So, are older fathers more socially acceptable than older mothers? 'Yes' thinks Professor Harper, as she explained to BBC World Service's, Global Story: We do have a bit of a gender problem here because if this was a man in his sixties, seventies and even eighties, and he's fathered a child, most people would pat him on the back. But they'd probably pat him on the back because he's absolutely got a much younger partner. But if we've got a woman in her sixties, seventies or, God forbid, eighties having a child, then it does have a sort of shock reaction, and makes people feel uncomfortable. Professor Harper thinks that society is more accepting of older fathers than older mothers. A 70-year-old man can still father a child – he can make a woman pregnant who then gives birth, and most people would pat him on the back, an idiom meaning give someone praise or congratulations. On the other hand, says Professor Harper, God forbid a woman having a baby in her eighties! Here, the phrase God forbid! is used as a way of saying you hope something will not happen. There's another side to this story, though. In the west, young women from Gen Z, the generation born since the year 2000, are saying they won't have children at all. In more traditional countries meanwhile, a woman's role is as a mother, and many pray to God to be blessed with a child. Which is exactly what happened to Mangayamma Yaramati, the South Indian woman I asked you about in my question. In 2019, she became the oldest recorded woman ever to give birth. Right, and I guessed she was 63 years old at the time. Which was… the wrong answer I'm afraid. In fact she was even older – 73. OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned in this programme, starting with the phrase in your forties, which describes the period of ten years in someone's life when they're aged between 40 and 49. Phenomena describes any significant facts or events that we know exist, and can be observed and discussed. If something lingers, it continues to exist longer than usual or expected. The verb to father means to make a woman pregnant who then gives birth to a child. The idiom pat someone on the back is used to describe giving someone praise, congratulations or encouragement. And finally, the expression God forbid! is a way of saying that you hope something will not happen. ✔更多内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】

What can explain that eerie, unsettling feeling we sometimes get that we've experienced a new situation once before? It might just be the weirdest experience you'll ever have sober, but what exactly is deja vu? One thing it definitely is - is common. Two thirds of us have had it, with younger people, globetrotters and film fans likely to get it more frequently. 我们有时会有一种阴森恐怖、令人不安的感觉，觉得自己以前经历过某种新情况，这是怎么回事呢？这可能是你清醒时最奇怪的经历，但到底什么是“似曾相识”呢？有一点是肯定的，那就是它很常见。我们当中有三分之二的人都有过这种感觉，而年轻人、环球旅行者和电影迷可能会更频繁地出现这种感觉。 Because of its inherent weirdness, deja vu was long thought of alongside paranormal events like clairvoyance and reincarnation. In fact, it was parapsychologist Émile Boirac who first named the feeling in the 1870s, using the French for ‘already seen’. The focus on the uncanny has persisted, and in films like The Matrix, deja vu is a glitch in the computer simulation. 由于其固有的怪异性，“似曾相识”长期以来一直被认为是与千里眼和转世等超自然现象并存的现象。事实上，早在 19 世纪 70 年代，超心理学家埃米尔·博伊拉克就用法文“已见过”一词首次为这种感觉命名。 对这离奇现象的关注一直存在，在《黑客帝国》等电影中，“似曾相识”来自电脑模拟中的一个小故障。 So what’s actually going on? The truth is, no one is 100% sure, but psychologists have suggested dozens of possibilities combining theories of memory, perception and cognition. One is ‘divided perception’. Maybe our brains process a situation in a quick and shallow way before we become fully aware of it, and then we get a jolt of having seen it before. Another is ‘dual processing’. Incoming signals enter the temporal lobe from both hemispheres of the brain, one a millisecond later than the other. And it’s in this moment of delay that deja vu occurs. Others speculate that errors around the hippocampus, the ‘brain’s librarian’, are to blame. 那么究竟是怎么回事呢？事实上，没有人百分之百确定，但心理学家结合记忆、感知和认知理论，提出了几十种可能性。一种是“分裂感知”。也许我们的大脑在完全意识到某种情况之前，会以一种快速而浅显的方式对其进行处理，然后我们就会猛然意识到自己曾经见过这种情况。另一种是“双重处理”。输入信号从大脑的两个半球进入颞叶，其中一个比另一个晚一毫秒。就在这一延迟时刻，似曾相识的感觉出现了。还有人推测这是“大脑图书管理员”海马体周围的错误造成的。 The problem with studying deja vu is that neurologists can’t very well wait around for it to happen. One solution has been to look at people with temporal lobe damage. Many find that they get chronic deja vu. Another way to study deja vu is to induce it under lab conditions. In 2012, one study used virtual reality to immerse people in different 3D environments, some of which were very similar in layout. For instance, a doctor’s waiting room and an aquarium, with furniture arranged in the same configuration. People were more likely to report deja vu when they encountered environments that had a similar layout to previous, forgotten scenes - suggesting it’s a memory phenomenon. 研究“似曾相识”现象的问题在于，神经病学家不能坐等它发生。一种解决办法是观察颞叶受损的人。许多人发现他们会长期出现“似曾相识”的感觉。另一种研究“似曾相识”的方法是在实验室条件下进行诱导。2012年，一项研究利用虚拟现实技术让人们沉浸在不同的三维环境中，其中一些环境的布局非常相似。例如，一个医生的候诊室和一个水族馆，里面的家具摆放都是一样的。当人们遇到与之前被遗忘的场景布局相似的环境时，更容易产生“似曾相识”的感觉——这表明这是一种记忆现象。 A 2014 study had very different results. Those who took part were shown a series of words with a secret common theme - words like ‘bed’, ‘pillow’, ‘nap’, ‘dream’. The linking word - ‘sleep’ - never appeared. Viewers were asked to keep note of any words beginning with S. Those who took part were later asked if any words began with S, and sure enough they said no. But many also felt that they had been shown the word ‘sleep’. For two thirds of people, this confusion was tantamount to deja vu. 2014年的一项研究得出了截然不同的结果。研究人员向参与者展示了一系列具有秘密共同主题的单词，如 “床”、“枕头”、“午睡”、“梦 ”等。而关联词 “睡眠sleep ”却从未出现过。观看者被要求记下任何以 S开头的单词。后来，观看者被问及是否有以 S开头的单词，他们果然说没有。但许多人也认为他们看到了 “睡眠sleep”这个词。对三分之二的人来说，这种混淆就相当于是“似曾相识”的感觉。 Neurologists have used this method to scan the brain during deja vu. They found that rather than being a memory error in the hippocampus, deja vu involved the frontal areas of the brain, responsible for decision-making. This led some to suggest that deja vu is a sign your brain’s memory-checking mechanisms are actually working well. But if you’re looking for something a bit more ‘out there’ to explain deja vu, try ‘quantum entanglement’. Perhaps, through the mysterious affinity of subatomic particles, deja vu might actually be a window into a parallel universe, or else a blip in time. 神经学家已经用这种方法来扫描产生“似曾相识”感觉时的大脑。他们发现，“似曾相识”并不是海马区的记忆错误，而是与负责决策的大脑额叶区有关。这导致一些人认为，“似曾相识”是大脑记忆检查机制运行良好的标志。但如果你想找点更“极端”的方式来解释“似曾相识”，不妨试试“量子纠缠”。也许，通过亚原子粒子之间神秘的亲和力，似曾相识的感觉实际上可能是进入平行宇宙的一扇窗户，或者是时间的一个小插曲。 ✔更多内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】

Fewer than 5,000 steps a day enough to boost health For years, thousands of us have been pounding the pavements, trying to reach that magic goal of 10,000 steps a day to stay fit and healthy, but new research has found that walking just half of that could also save lives. 多年来，成千上万的人不停地奔走，试图达到 “每天一万步” 这个被视为有奇妙功效的目标，从而保持身体健康，但一项新的研究发现，每天走路的步数只要达到这个数字的一半就有益于生命健康。 Researchers from the Medical University of Lodz in Poland and John Hopkins University School of Medicine in the US followed 227,000 people for seven years to complete their study. 为完成研究，波兰罗兹医科大学和美国约翰霍普金斯大学医学院的研究人员们对22.7万人进行了为期七年的跟踪调查。 What they found was that walking at least 2,300 steps a day was really good for the heart and blood vessels, and the more people walked, the more they reduced the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease. 他们发现，每天至少走2300步对心脏和血管都有很大的好处，而且走得越多，死于心血管疾病的风险就越低。 And every 1,000 steps above the 4,000 steps mark, brings down the risk of dying early by 15%. 调查还显示，当达到4000步的指标后，每多走1000步，过早死亡的风险就降低15%。 词汇表 pounding the pavements 走路 magic goal 被视为有奇妙功效的目标 complete 完成 blood vessels 血管 cardiovascular disease 心血管疾病 mark 目标，指标 brings down 降低 ✔更多内容见公众号【琐简英语】，回复“1”，可进入【打卡交流群】