"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！ 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~" In today's Buzzword Mix, our buzzword is Situationship. Now we've just gone through Valentine's Day, did you celebrate with your significant other？Are you still single？Or are you in a situation where you are dating someone but it's not exactly a relationship. You and your partner have fun together and may even be intimate, physically and emotionally. But you haven't made a commitment to each other or even discuss the future together. 我相信很多人既不是那种婚姻爱情幸福甜蜜的状态, 也不是母胎单身, 而是有约会对象, 但是似乎就是那种若即若离, 没有确定下来的关系. Now you have the exact word in English to describe just that. 所以今天的Buzzword我们就来说说, 英文里用来形容 “友人以上, 恋人未满” 的这个词Situationship. Situationship is a combination of situation and relationship. So if you are dating someone, but when people ask you whether you are in a relationship, your answer is well, it's complicated. Then you're probably in a situationship. Let's look at the definition first, less than a relationship, but more than a casual encounter or friends with benefit, a situationship refers to a romantic relationship that is and remains undefined. 其实要说situationship它最大的特点就是还没有定性, 两个人在一起很亲密, 会做很多恋人做的事儿, 但是并没有所谓正规的名分, 也没有正式的讨论过将来. And apparently this is becoming a trend, especially in the young generation. Now if you look at the society nowadays, our expectations of relationship has changed. People are getting married later in life and many people are eager to explore relationships in a less structured way without pressure to commit as they prioritize self-knowledge and developing as individuals. 那之所以situationship会成为一个潮流, 主要是因为现代人特别是年轻人的婚恋观出现了很大的改变. 人们越来越晚婚, 而且比起感情婚姻承诺这些东西, 更愿意去考虑个人自身的发展. Especially Gen-Z, 特别是Z世代, 也就是相当于中国的95后00后, they take an especially pragmatic approach to love and sex, and subsequently aren't prioritizing establishing committed romantic relationships the same way their older peers once did. 他们对于婚恋性爱的观点倾向于更加实用主义, 用句更通俗的话来讲, 可能就是谈恋爱不如搞钱重要.

【Geek Time】-“极客”时间，和“科技宅”Brad一起聊神秘有趣的“黑科技”“高科技”“硬科技”。欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~ Hi, everyone. And welcome back to Geek Time. 欢迎回到【Geek时间】. Hi, Brad. Hey, Lulu. What are we going to talk about today？What is the top trending topic in geek world？ Good, something I found recently a lot is ChatGPT. That's all the fad in China as well. 如果大家关注, 哪怕你不是特别关注Tech的新闻, 最近应该都经常看到 ChatGPT. 怎么说呢, 就是一个聊天机器人的这么一个概念吧, to dumb it down, would you say ChatGPT is a chat bot? In its space form, you could say it's a chat bot. Let's start with the basics. Chat, we understand. But GPT. Yeah, GPT means generative pretrained transformer. That's a big word. That's a mouthful. 中文直译是生成式预训练转化模型, can we actually break it down？I mean a lot of our listeners probably don't know like me don't really know much about this. So generative, first of all, 生成式what does that mean？ Means to be able to generate something or create something So like when you talk to ChatGPT, they are able to create dialogues. All right, create new content. Pretrained obviously means it's been trained using AI technology or some relevant technology? It's a form of AI, it's been trained to perform particular tasks and one of those tasks is doing chat. But so it's basically… it's trained to generate some sort of chat. OK, and transformer? So it takes information that it has access to and transforms it into something new. I see. I actually did my own little research preparing for this topic. Just tell me if I'm understanding this correctly, it's called ChatGPT, basically it's a chat model that's using GPT-3, GPT-3, it's like a neural network what they call it. It's a neural network. It's their third generation of their current GPT model. 所以其实可以理解为是用GPT-3就是三代GPT的神经网络模型, 然后创造出来的这么一个ChatGPT, 类似于聊天机器人, 人工智能聊天的这么一个存在. But this is definitely not the first prototype for chat bots, right？There were many before, I used certain chat bots, but they were all a bit, for lack of a better word, dumb. This chat bot is something a little bit more than original chat bots. It can chat with good precision. It can write essays or scripts for a book or a movie. Wow. You can think of it as being like the ultimate fan fiction writer. 可以写同人志的那种.

"英文小酒馆致力于打造沉浸式英语学习社群，无论是微信社群、有声节目、线上活动和课程，我们都全心全意为爱好英语的你带去一份专属于英语的快乐。 微信公众号: 【璐璐的英文小酒馆】 查音频节目文稿，了解广阔的世界。跟随我们的脚步，体会英语的温度。" Hi, everyone. And welcome back to happy hour, 欢迎回来酒馆. It's that time of the year, isn't it？ It's time for a Valentine's, no, anti-Valentine's Day special. 又到了一年的情人节或者说是反情人节特辑, well love it or hate it, it happens every year. Just about as soon as the calendar turns over, love is in the air; or to be more precise, in the shopping centers, restaurants, bars, on all sorts of e-commerce platforms and all over social media. Throughout early February, you can't turn around without seeing boxes of chocolate, Teddy bears holding a heart and all sorts of Valentine's Day decorations. Loved by some, loathed by others, Valentine's day is widely regarded as the ultimate day of cheesy, unapologetic romance. So whether you go all out, splurge on the luxury Valentine's Day experience for you and your sweetheart, or you prefer to go low key, just ignore the holiday together; or if you are hopelessly single. I'm sure at some point, you've wondered about the origin of Valentine's Day where did it come from？ Now I know a lot of people in China would say it's a western holiday, but where in the West and when, and most importantly how? While some may be vaguely aware that the occasion takes its place from a famous person called Valentine or Saint Valentine, they may not be acquainted with the full history of Valentine's Day. 可能有人知道西方的情人节是圣瓦伦丁节, 就是有一个人叫圣瓦伦丁. The history of Valentine's Day actually finds its roots in ancient Rome and it's not as rosy and romantic as you might want to believe. So in today's episode, let's dig deeper into the un-romantic history of Valentine's Day. So one thing to keep in mind, saint Valentine actually could refer to several people. We don't really know which saint Valentine the holiday technically celebrates. The Catholic church has records of at least three different martyrs named Valentine or Valentinos.

Hello again欢迎来到Happy Hour英文小酒馆。关注公号璐璐的英文小酒馆，加入我们的酒馆社群，邂逅更精彩更广阔的世界 Hi everyone, and welcome back to Famous Brits Under the Microscope【英伦名人八卦堂】. Hi, 安澜. Hi Lulu, hi, everyone. We haven't done this for a while. No, it's been a really long time since we last did this segment. But I thought today I want talk a little bit more about the gossip Mhm. We talk about the great people from British history So boring... You can get a bit boring. Okay. Today I want to tell you about probably one of the worst kings we ever had. It's not the great, it’s the infamous. Exactly. And this was George IV. George IV. 乔治四世, I'm really bad at history, so remind me. So George IV reigned in the early 19th century, but he was most famous for being the Prince Regent. 就是摄政王, 是不是Blackadder 里面, in Blackadder Hugh Laurie that character. He was the Prince Regent, and this was also the Time of Jane Austen. And we still talk about the regency as a time of architecture, art, literature, good manners. But it's named after somebody who was not a very nice person. And his time that was... when he had the power, when he's on the throne that was called the regency. That's right, 叫摄政时期, if you look it up in Chinese. So it starts with him being born in1762, his father and mother were the king and queen obviously. And as a child, even though he was a good student, he wasn't stupid, he was more interested in luxury, eating, drinking, and partying. He was incredibly lazy. So it's basically someone born with really not just silver spoon, was like diamond spoon. Well put it this way. He got around￡14 million a year as allowance from the king and also from parliament. ￡14 million? In today's prices, in 2022. And that was just allowance? That was just his allowance, but even with that amount of money, he was constantly in debt. He was overspending. What did he spend it on, partying? drinking? How much could he drink?

欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！ 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~ Hi everyone, and welcome back to Buzzword Mix. 欢迎回到我们的迷你双语板块【新词特饮】, 短短几分钟让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资. In today's Buzzword Mix, our buzzword is Gamification. Now I don't know if you have noticed, but nowadays whatever you do, whether you are studying or you are exercising, or you are using any sort of APP, there are always certain settings that make you feel like, am I actually playing a game？ 可能大家也注意到了, 各种各样领域的APP, 它都会有一些特别像游戏的设置, 比如说什么积分、排行、奖励, so let's talk about this word in today's Buzzword-Gamification. 所以今天的Buzzword, 我们就来聊聊「游戏化」. Gamification, obviously from the word game, gaming, is the strategic attempt to enhance systems, services, organizations, and activities by creating similar experiences to those experienced when playing games in order to motivate and engage users. 游戏化很好理解, 为了吸引参与者或者使用者提升他们的参与度和驱动力, 在非游戏的语境里加入游戏的元素和体验. This is generally accomplished through the application of game design elements and game principles in non-game contexts. 更具体的就是在非游戏的语境里加入游戏设计的元素以及游戏的一些规则. Gamification is part of a persuasive system design, and it commonly employs game design elements to improve user engagement, organizational productivity, flow, learning, crowdsourcing, knowledge retention, so on and so forth. 它可以用到的领域非常的多, 从普通的提升用户参与度粘性到知识的宣传, 提升组织内部的生产力, 工作流程, 甚至可以用在比如说政治性的宣传或者说众筹项目等等场景. Now while you think this might be a very new idea, games and game-like elements having used to educate, entertain, and engage for thousands of years. It's just that nowadays with our smartphones and apps, we're able to do it much more engaging. So here I'm going to share with you some of the most classic game elements used in Gamification. These are Points, Badges, and Leaderboards. 在各种游戏化设计里面万变不离其宗的三个大类就是积分Points, Badges 徽章, and Leaderboard排名榜. Points are used as visual identifiers of progress in sports, reward cards and video games. Badges display achievement, whether from service in the military or a gold star on school report card. Leaderboards are used across sports, sales teams, and in general life to present competitive placement. So a little bit of healthy competition and a sense of accomplishment is really what gamification is all about. 其实说来说去游戏化的根基, 除了那些花里胡哨吸引人眼球的design之外, 更多的是唤起人们的一种好胜心以及人们对于成就感的渴望.

不论是海外求学，国际旅行，接待外宾还是跨境业务洽谈中，你是否满腹干货，想做中华文化使者，但又苦于无法用英文表达？语言，不仅能让你看到更广阔的世界也能让你在更大的舞台发出自己的声音。酒馆特别板块： China Story【用英语，说中国】，双语播出，适合不同段位的你。让我们一起，讲述有趣有料的中国故事。添加luluxjg2获取全文稿哦~~ What Is Lichun? According to the traditional Chinese solar calendar, there are 24 solar terms in a year. Lichun is the first solar term. Lichun is the day when the sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 315° (i.e. 45.66 days before the spring equinox). The date of Lichun is not fixed to one Gregorian calendar date, but it always occurs on February 3rd, 4th, or 5th, mostly on February 4th. 立春，为二十四节气之首。立，是“开始”之意；春，代表着温暖、生长。 二十四节气最初是依据“斗转星移”制定，当北斗七星的斗柄指向寅位时为立春。现行是依据太阳黄经度数定节气，当太阳到达黄经315°时为立春，于每年公历2月3-5日交节。 明代作品《群芳谱》对立春解释为：“立，始建也。春气始而建立也。 干支纪元，以寅月为春正、立春为岁首，立春乃万物起始、一切更生之义也，意味着新的一个轮回已开启。在传统观念中，立春有吉祥的涵义，标志着万物闭藏的冬季已过去，开始进入风和日暖、万物生长的春季。 《史记.天官书》(The Records of the Grand Historian)：“正月旦，王者岁首，立春日，四时之始也”，立春为四时之始。 中国古代一些著作将立春的十五天分为三候：“一候东风解冻，二候蜇虫始振，三候鱼陟负冰”，说的是东风送暖，大地开始解冻。立春五日后，蜇居的虫类慢慢在洞中苏醒，再过五日，河里的冰开始溶化，鱼开始到水面上游动，此时水面上还有没完全溶解的碎冰片，如同被鱼负着一般浮在水面。 Lichun History The history of the 24 solar terms dates back three millennia. They were used for farming in China since the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), but, according to some experts, the 24 solar terms were only used for the first time in books during the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC – 9 AD). 廿四节气是上古农耕文明的产物，它在我国传统农耕社会中占有极其重要的位置。 The beginning of spring was of great significance to farmers in ancient times, as it marked the beginning of a new year’s work. Major celebrations and traditional Lichun activities were handed down by the generations. Traditional Lichun Customs There are still some traditional activities held on the day of Lichun, especially in rural areas.

【Geek Time】-“极客”时间，和“科技宅”Brad一起聊神秘有趣的“黑科技”“高科技”“硬科技”。欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~ Welcome back to Geek Time advance. This is Brad. How are you doing Lulu? Hi, Brad. So we're going to continue on with our discussion of Star Wars and Star Trek. Have you actually gone and watched any of the episodes like you were supposed to? Well, there's so many of them, so many movies and episodes of the tv series, I promise I'll try to sit down and watch them. All right. But seriously, what is the big deal? I mean last time, obviously you walked us through the two series, the two settings and all the plot lines. But you still haven't really explained why is it so important in geekdom or in geek culture. When you look at Star Trek and Star Wars, these two and then you have Doctor Who in the UK, they’re what really paved the way for people to accept sci-fi as a genre. There have been lots of sci-fi classics out there. The Time Machine, The Invisible Man, there's been lots of sci-fi literature, but it's always kind of had the stigma in the literary world where you're, it's not real literature so to say. But with the Star Trek and Star Wars, you get a lot of people who are actually looking at Star… or its science fiction as an actual genre that should be kept as an important genre in literature. I mean when I was in university, we had a class and we could choose like a particular subgenre. I chose the sci-fi when I did it because that's what I was really into, and that's something they probably wouldn't have done 20 years before that. I see. So basically these three, the three big ones, Star Trek, Star Wars, Doctor Who, they sort of kind of like brought sci-fi to the forefront, and legitimized the role of sci-fi in literary world. I mean, like, when you look at the world as it is today, we've... in the last 20, 30 years, there has been so much change when it comes to technology that people really understand the value of sci-fi and what sci-fi has been telling us. And so people are actually looking at this, ‘Okay, We should actually not just look at literature and what literature says about the world, but we should start looking at sci-fi more specifically.’ Yeah, honestly, I have to say, although I'm not like a huge fan of sci-fi, but I can certainly see the point of sci-fi. I think a lot of really like the classic sci-fi tales. They are like cautionary tales almost. They talk about humanity, scientific progress, and how… many of the ethical dilemmas in scientific development. Yeah when you look at sci-fi, if we kind of look into even if it's a Doctor Who but like we look at the way species are treated in Star Trek and Star Wars, we do see a lot of that those ethical dilemmas even when it comes to the way robots are treated in Star Trek. There was a whole episode we were deciding whether or not AI should be considered as conscious if it gets to a particular level, right? When you watch Star Trek and Star Wars, you'll see the majority of beings are humanoid in one way or another. So they behave like humans or they look kind of like humans. They'll maybe emulate a particular group of people that we might see in the world now, but like the majority of it is kind of this whole idea that most life out there will probably look like us in one way or another. They might have more arms or more legs or more eyes. Maybe they won't have ears like we know it. But they'll have some sort of body that we can understand, right? It's a very human centric perspective, isn't it? It’s like how we imagine aliens and extraterrestrial beings, this is all based on how we look. Right. And that's when it comes to what science used to think is that when you look at the building blocks of life that humans would or that animals would have to look something like us. If you look at most animals on the planet, mammals at least, mammals have really similar bone structures. When you compare them, you can kind of say, oh this is how this mammal bone structure became

【Geek Time】-“极客”时间，和“科技宅”Brad一起聊神秘有趣的“黑科技”“高科技”“硬科技”。欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~ Hi, everyone. And welcome back to Geek Time, 欢迎回来【Geek时间】. Hi, Brad. Hey, Lulu. Quick question: Star Trek or Star Wars? I'm kind of in the middle. I love both. I know a lot of people when they think of Star Trek and Star Wars, there is always this divide where you're either a Trekkie or you're a Star Wars fan. But for me, I really, I love both. Now to our listeners for 70-75% women, I know this is probably a very geeky topic. Now, I know many of you watched things like Big Bang Theory or some other comedy where you constantly hear the reference to Star Wars and Star Trek. Star Wars星球大战和Star Trek 星际迷航, 这两个都成了一个梗了, 经常能在很多喜剧里面看到. Whenever they appear in comedy, it's always people who are into them, they're really, really into them. And people who are not into them, just don't get it; and they are like the “geek tag” right? That’s the geek badge of honor, almost. They are the kings of geekdom. Yeah. In these 2 episodes, we're gonna talk to Brad, a seasoned geek, 资深geek. What is the big deal about Star Wars and Star Trek? I think with Star Trek that came first. Well actually when you look at sci-fi, Doctor Who 《神秘博士》of course came before that, but Star Trek in the U.S. at least started in the 60s in a kind of in the late 60s. But it's been on TV for the majority of the time since then or in a movie format one way or the other. Star Trek was originally kind of like this show was a one-off adventure every time they were going to a new world. Like a self-contained, right? Right. A new civilization, like the whole tagline was “to boldly go where no man has gone before,” right? They have this whole idea where you could watch any episode and you wouldn't really be lost. You'd be able to understand what was going on. Nowadays, it's kind of moved into this more serial nature where you have to watch from the beginning to the end. And that's one of those things that has kind of...it’s a developing plot. Right. That's kept people more focused on the show rather than just being casual watchers. It gets people to watch it from week to week. Okay. But it's Star Trek, this whole idea is that it's about the scientific journey. There might be some things that seem really fantastical and you're like this must be magic. But the end of every episode they show you how it somehow has to do with scientific and there's a scientific reasoning behind it. That's kind of like the magic of Star Trek. This is why it's sci-fi. It’s not a fantasy, because everything is somewhat based on scientific reasoning, right? Yeah. Now, I just make you watch it sometime.

不论是海外求学，国际旅行，接待外宾还是跨境业务洽谈中，你是否满腹干货，想做中华文化使者，但又苦于无法用英文表达？语言，不仅能让你看到更广阔的世界也能让你在更大的舞台发出自己的声音。酒馆特别板块： China Story【用英语，说中国】，双语播出，适合不同段位的你。让我们一起，讲述有趣有料的中国故事。 岁寒三友 The Three Friends of Winter 时至岁末，万物冬藏。风雪之中，有几种植物挺霜而立、凌寒飘香，给寒冬增添别样的美丽，给人们带来绿色的希望。 The Three Friends of Winter is an art motif that comprises the pine, bamboo, and plum. The Chinese celebrated the pine, bamboo and plum together, as they observed that these plants do not wither as the cold days deepen into the winter season unlike many other plants. Known by the Chinese as the Three Friends of Winter, they later entered the conventions of East Asian culture and Vietnamese culture. Together they symbolize steadfastness, perseverance, and resilience. They are highly regarded in Confucianism and as such represent the scholar-gentleman's ideal. 严寒时节的三位友人，具体指松、竹、梅三种植物。在中国传统文化中，有些植物因其自然属性而被赋予某种人文蕴涵。松、竹四季常青，历冬不凋；梅花凌霜傲雪，美丽绽放。三者都不怕严寒，在严寒中展现自身的生命力和自然美，宛如在严寒中相伴生长的好友，故被世人合称为“岁寒三友”。在历代文人骚客的不尽吟咏之中，被赋予顽强刚毅、坚韧不拔、高洁坚贞等精神品格，点亮了中国人的精神世界。 When the famous intellectual Su Shi' was exile to Hubei. With help from a friend, he built a small residence on a parcel of land. Not only did he grow crops on the land, he also planted pine trees, bamboos and plum trees. 北宋大文豪苏东坡遭到权臣排挤，被贬至黄州(今湖北省黄冈县)。为了解决经济困难，苏东坡自己开垦了一片荒地，种植稻、麦、桑、枣等农作物。不久，他又在院子里种上松、柏、梅、竹等花木。 When his friend visited him and asked Su whether he felt too lonely and isolated in the winter with no one around. 一次，朋友来看望他，见他的居所冷清萧瑟，便打趣地问他坐卧起居，满眼看见的都是雪，是不是太寂寞，太冷清？ Su laughed that said:“风泉两部乐，松竹三益友。” how can I be lonely when everyday I enjoy the symphony of the breeze and babbling spring and the companionship of my three friends of winter; 清风吹拂和泉水淙淙的声音就是两曲优美的音乐，枝叶常青的松柏、经历寒冬而不雕谢的竹子和傲雪绽放的梅花，便是相伴严冬最好的朋友。

不论是海外求学，国际旅行，接待外宾还是跨境业务洽谈中，你是否满腹干货，想做中华文化使者，但又苦于无法用英文表达？语言，不仅能让你看到更广阔的世界也能让你在更大的舞台发出自己的声音。酒馆特别板块： China Story【用英语，说中国】，双语播出，适合不同段位的你。让我们一起，讲述有趣有料的中国故事。 中国古人如何保暖的？ Temperature adjustable room daubed with pepper mash During the Qin (221-206 BC) and Han (206 BC-220) dynasties, temperature adjustable rooms emerged in royal families. Royal court had larger and well-equipped rooms, with fireplaces and "Fire walls" that were attached to the stove. They were basically the rudimentary forms of radiator and kang bed-stove. 秦朝时，在贵族以及皇宫内又出现了“壁炉”和“火墙”等用以取暖。壁炉里主要是用烧炭来御寒，并且将出烟孔放在室外，避免炭烟中毒。另外在秦兴乐宫遗址中还发现了火墙的做法，即用两块筒瓦相扣，做成管道包在墙的内侧，与灶相连通，已经具备了火炕、暖气的雏形。 Imperial palaces such as Changle Palace and Weiyang Palace in Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 24) had temperature adjustable halls. It is said that the "temperature adjustable hall" was built with pepper mash daubed on the wall, embroidery tapestries hung on the wall and a thick carpet paved on the ground. Windshield screens and wild goose feather-made curtains were also used to keep cool air outside. 汉武帝时建立了一座温室殿，位于前殿之北，冬天时供皇帝居住，在殿内设有各种防寒保暖的特殊设备，《西京杂记》记载：“温室殿以花椒和泥涂壁， 壁面披挂锦绣，以香桂为主， 设火齐云母屏风，有鸿羽帐，地上铺着西域毛毯。”未央宫温室殿是公卿朝臣议政的重要殿所。 Back in the days, only the empress’s palace was built with pepper mash on the wall, hence the name “椒房殿”(The palace of pepper houses) . For a long time, only the empress or the most favored concubines could enjoy this special privilege, making 椒房 the symbol of power in the inner palace. 而皇后的宫殿则主要通过花椒和泥涂抹来取暖，被称为“椒房殿”。当然，到后来，“椒房”几乎成了皇后的代称，成为后宫女权的象征。 Ground heating system During the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1912）dynasties, a ground heating system was used indoors, which was built by concreting circular flue underground. The charcoal fire smoke would flow through channels to the whole room and raise the temperature indoors. The ground heating system enabled the room heat up evenly and mildly. As the fiery pit and smoke jack was set outdoors, the heating method was safe, clean and practical. The ground heating system wasn't invented by Ming and Qing dynasty people. It emerged as early as Wei and Jin dynasties (AD 220-420). The historical record shows that the northeast part of China had used fire pits to keep warm during that time, which functioned similarly as a ground heating system.

关注【璐璐的英文小酒馆】+小助手【luluxjg2】获取全文稿 不论是海外求学，国际旅行，接待外宾还是跨境业务洽谈中，你是否满腹干货，想做中华文化使者，但又苦于无法用英文表达？语言，不仅能让你看到更广阔的世界也能让你在更大的舞台发出自己的声音。酒馆特别板块： China Story【用英语，说中国】，双语播出，适合不同段位的你。让我们一起，讲述有趣有料的中国故事。 The four cuisines we talked about in the previous episode were the four major cuisines of China before the Qing Dynasty, which is why they are collectively known as the Four Great Traditions of Chinese Cuisine (Lu, Chuan, Yue, and Su). Think of the next four cuisines as the newcomers, established around the end of Qing Dynasty to form the major eight. 5. MIN (FUJIAN) CUISINE (闽菜): Min Cuisine is from the southeastern coastal province of Fujian. It features the best that both land and sea have to offer. Like most of the cuisines on this list, there are several sub-styles. In the capital city of Fuzhou, the food is light and fresh. Farther from the coast, in western Fujian, there are more meat than seafood dishes. In southern Fujian, you’ll find Hokkien cuisine, which has influenced (through migration) the cuisines of Southeast Asia and Taiwan. There is also Putian cuisine, which has a focus on seafood. 由于福建人民经常往来于海上，于是饮食习俗也逐渐形成带有开放特色的一种独特的菜系。闽菜以烹制山珍海味而著称，在色香味形俱佳的基础上，尤以“香”、“味”见长，其清鲜、和醇、荤香、不腻的风格特色，以及汤路广泛的特点，在烹坛园地中独具一席。 福州菜淡爽清鲜，讲究汤提鲜，擅长各类山珍海味；闽南菜（厦门、漳州、泉州一带）讲究佐料调味，重鲜香。故此闽菜形成三大特色，一长于红糟调味，二长于制汤，三长于使用糖醋。 In many parts of Fujian, a meal is not a meal without a soup. Their most esteemed soup—also perhaps the most famous soup in China—has a very unusual name. “Buddha/Monk Jumps Over the Wall” (佛跳墙). The name suggests that it’s so tantalizing that a monk would break all restraint and jump over the monastery wall to have a taste! It takes a few days to make this soup, with several very expensive ingredients from both land and sea. Some include jinhua ham, chicken, pork, mushrooms, fresh bamboo shoots, abalone, sea cucumber, dried scallops, and dried fish maw. With all these extravagant ingredients, you can expect to pay an arm and a leg for a bowl. The broth is clear, but the flavor is equally delicate, rich, and powerful. 佛跳墙通常选用***、海参、鱼唇、牦牛皮胶、杏鲍菇、蹄筋、花菇、墨鱼、瑶柱、鹌鹑蛋等汇聚到一起，加入高汤和福建老酒，文火煨制而成。成菜后，软嫩柔润，浓郁荤香，又荤而不腻，味中有味。 Fujian cuisine also uses rice wine to make “drunken” dishes, fermented rice wine to make brines, and fermented red yeast rice sauce to braise.

关注【璐璐的英文小酒馆】+小助手【luluxjg2】获取全文稿 Year of the Bunny 癸卯兔年-水兔-黑兔 Year of the Water Rabbit 根据天干地支推算出，2023年属于癸卯年，癸属水，卯为兔，故有了“水兔年”的说法。同时，在五行当中，白色-金、青色-木、黑色-水、红色-火、黄色-土，因此，“水兔年”也被唤作“黑兔年”。 Rabbit, Hare Rabbit and Hare are two species in the same family. Get to know Rabbit: • The large = Flemish Giant （up to 13kg） • The small = Netherland dwarf rabbit (between 0.5 – 1.13kg) • A baby rabbit is called a kit/kittens, a female is called a doe and a male is called a buck. • Rabbits are very social creatures that live in groups. They live in warrens – a series of tunnels and rooms that they dig underground. • Their teeth NEVER stop growing! Instead they’re gradually worn down as the rabbit chews on grasses, wildflowers and vegetables – meaning they never get too long Rabbit symbolism Rabbits almost always symbolize prosperity, abundance, good luck, and fertility. 1. In most European cultures, rabbits are springtime animals, symbolic of fruitfulness and renewal. 2. The connection between rabbits and spring is also found in Japanese culture. 3. Rabbits are the luckiest of the Zodiac animals in China, according to Chinese astrology, rabbits are predicted to be gentle, quiet, elegant, and alert as well as quick, skillful, kind, patient, and very responsible, faithful . 4. In the U.S., rabbits are symbolic of cleverness, devotion to self-improvement, and good luck. But they are primarily seen as trickster animals by Native American cultures. 5. Many Central American peoples see rabbits as symbols of fertility, Aztec mythology associates rabbits with drunkenness and promiscuity. Terms of endearment Honey bunny Snuggle bunny Dust bunny Gym bunny Snow bunny Beach bunny Idioms related to bunny Rabbit food Breed like rabbits Pull a rabbit out of the hat pull a rabbit out of (one's)/the hat Down the rabbit hole As mad as a March hare Famous rabbits in arts Alice in Wonderland（The White Rabbit） 【爱丽丝梦游仙境】里的白兔先生 Peter Rabbit 【彼得兔】 Bambi (Thumper) 【小鹿斑比】里头的Thumper Bugs Bunny 【兔八哥】 Zootopia （Judy Hopps）【疯狂动物城】里头的兔子朱迪 和兔兔有关的成语 发奋强，扬眉气，飞猛进，前似锦 辞旧岁，跃新程