提示 1.每期为一篇听力题，每篇裁剪为若干片段，每个片段重复四遍。 2.可以前两遍盲听理解，后两遍根据文字内容精听。 3.根据中英文意思，听不懂的地方多听几遍。 原文 2018.12六级第一套 recording three Today's crisis in care for older people in England has two main causes. 今天英格兰老年人护理危机有两个主要原因。 First, people are living longer with a lot more complex needs. 首先，人们的生活更长，需求更复杂。 Second, they rely on a system that has long been marked by a poor relation between national health and social-care services. Current services originate in two key measures. 其次，他们依赖的是一个长期以来以国家健康和社会保健服务之间关系不佳为特征的体系。当前的服务起源于两个关键措施。 They are the National Health Service and the 1948 National Assistance Act. 它们是国民健康服务和1948年国家援助法案。 This required local government to provide residential accommodation for older people and supervise care homes run by independent organizations. 这要求当地政府为老年人提供住宿，并监督由独立组织经营的养老院。 They also provided home and community services including meals, day centers and home helpers and other subsidized services. 他们还提供家庭和社区服务，包括膳食，日托中心和家庭佣工以及其他补贴服务。 The National Health Service was free and wholly publicly provided. 国民健康服务是免费的，并完全公开提供。 It delivered the best health-care for all. No such vision guided residential and community care though. 它为所有人提供了最好的保健服务。然而，没有提供住院引导和社区护理的构想。 The care was substantially provided by voluntary services which worked together with local authorities as they long had with eligibility based on income. 这种护理主要由志愿服务机构提供，这些服务机构长期以来与地方当局合作，其资格取决于收入。 Today, life expectancy has risen from 66 for a male at birth in 1948 to around 80 now. 今天，男性预期寿命从1948年的66岁上升到现在的80岁左右。 In addition, there is better overall health and improved medical knowledge and care. 此外，整体健康状况有所改善，医疗护理知识也有所提高。 This means an unprecedented number of people are surviving longer in conditions requiring expert support. 这意味着活得更久，需要专家支持的人的数量也空前之多。 Families provide at least as much care as they ever did. 家庭则提供了至少与以往一样多的关怀。 Even so, they can rarely without subsidized support address serious personal needs. 即便如此，他们很少能在没有补贴的条件下解决严重的个人需求。 Care for older people faced persistent criticism as these trends became apparent. 随着这些趋势变得明显，老年人的护理面临持续的批评。 From the early 1960s, local authorities were required to plan health and welfare services. 从20世纪60年代初开始，地方当局被要求规划健康和福利服务。 The aim was to enable older people to remain in their own homes for as long as possible, but this increased concern about the lack of coordination between free health and paid-for social care. 目的是让老年人尽可能长时间留在自己的家中，但这就导致了人们愈发关注免费保健和有偿社会护理之间缺乏协调的情况。 Through the 1970s, a number of measures sought to improve matters. 到了20世纪70年代，当局采取了一些措施试图改善这些问题。 However at a time of financial crisis, funding diminished and little changed. 然而，在金融危机时期，资金减少了，改善也不大。 In the 1980s, the government cut spending. Meanwhile, preference for private over public services made management even more difficult. 在20世纪80年代，政府削减开支。同时，对私人公共服务的倾斜使管理变得更加困难。 Simultaneously, the number of sick older people grew. Governments emphasized the need to improve services. 同时，患病的老年人数量增加了。政府强调需要改善服务。 They did so though while doing little to stop the erosion of available aid. Services were irregular across authorities. 然而，尽管他们这样说了，但在阻止可用援助减少方面乏善可陈。当局的服务是层次不齐的。 Unless you were prepared to pay, they were increasingly difficult to obtain for any but the most severely disabled. Why has 60 years of criticism produced so little change. 除非你准备付钱，否则除了最严重的残疾人之外，其它人越来越难获得服务。为什么60年的批评产生了如此微小的改变。 Discrimination against older people has a long history. Additionally, those affected by inadequate health and social care are too vulnerable to launch the protests that have addressed other forms of discrimination. 对老年人的歧视历史悠久。此外，卫生和社会服务不足，受此影响的人过于脆弱，无法发起抗议活动，反对那些其它形式的歧视现象。 问题： 22: A) The lack of supervision by both the national and local governments. B) The impact of the current economic crisis at home and abroad. C) The poor management of day centres and home help services. D) The poor relation between national health and social care services. 23: A) It was mainly provided by voluntary services. B) It mainly caters to the needs of the privileged. C) It called for a sufficient number of volunteers. D) It has deteriorated over the past sixty years. 24: A) Their longer lifespans. B) Fewer home helpers available. C) Their preference for private services. D) More of them suffering serious illnesses. 25: A) They are unable to pay for health services. B) They have long been discriminated against. C) They are vulnerable to illnesses and diseases. D) They have contributed a great deal to society.

提示 一、十个句子每个句子念两遍，念完后从头再念两遍。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.diagnosed 诊断 2.battered 破旧的 原文 131. Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery, but today is a gift. That is why it is called the "present". 昨天是历史，明天是谜团，只有今天是天赐的礼物。那就是它为什么被称作「当下」的原因。 132. People "diagnosed" with "Internet addiction" are nearly always diagnosed with other difficulties as well. 诊断患有“网络成瘾症”的人差不多总是也有其他的困难。 133. When you are cheerful, books can increase your happiness; when you are sad, books can lessen your sorrow. 开心时，书可以给你增加快乐；忧伤时，书可以给你减少哀愁。 134. Why does the phone have to ring all the time only when I'm busy? I can't get any work done because of it. 为什么电话老在我忙的时候响？我都没法干活了。 135. I don't have to go to work today and tomorrow, so I will use the opportunity to quickly finish moving it. 因为今天明天我休息，所以趁机会快点搬好它。 136. Tom's daughter pretended not to know him when he came to pick her up from school in his battered old car. 当汤姆开着他破旧的雷泽车来接女儿放学时，他的女儿假装不认识他。 137. The repairs cost a lot more than 15 dollars, of course, but I am grateful to them for finding a solution. 理所当然，修理费用比15元还要多更多，但是我非常感激他们找到了解决的办法。 138. We know very well where our developments will take us. Besides, in the team, everyone does as he pleases. 我们都清楚地知道我们的发展走向，另外，团队中每个人都有点随心所欲。 139. Everything has two sides: the good side and the bad side. Unfortunately, we usually see only one of them. 事物皆有两面：好的一面和坏的一面。不幸的是，我们往往只能看见其中的一面。 140. If there are 1000 steps between us, you only need to take one step, and I will take the other 999 to you. 如果我们之间有1000步的距离，你只要跨出第1步，我就会朝着你的方向走其余的999步。

听前提示 一、三遍英文，一遍中文，再一遍英文。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 原文 131. Some scientists predict that the world oil reserves will be used up within a century. 一些科学家预测世界石油储备将在一个世纪内耗尽。 132. The bath was not hot enough and I was unable to enjoy it. 洗澡水不够热，我没有好好享受。 133. All of us are connected with the past and the future as well as the present. 我们所有人都与过去、未来和现在联系在一起。 134 Where on earth do you suppose she is going in the dead of night? 你觉得她深更半夜究竟要去哪里？ 135. New York is one of the cities that I previously thought that I wanted to visit. 纽约是我以前想去的城市之一。 136. When it began to rain, she told her son to take in the washing. 天开始下雨时，她叫儿子把要洗的衣服收起来。 137. The past can only be known, not changed. The future can only be changed, not known. 我们只能瞭解过去，但无法改变过去。未来只能改变，不能预知。 138. A spider can produce a silky substance from tiny openings on its underside. 蜘蛛能从其腹部微小开口中产生丝一样的物质。 139. I shall graduate from middle school in one and a half years. 再过一年半我就中学毕业了。 140. Mary claimed that the handbag had been a present from her husband. 玛丽声称这个手提包是她丈夫送给她的礼物。

词汇提示 1.conquerors 征服者 2.missions 传教士 3.authorities 当局者 4.charter 许可证 5.cattle ranching 肉牛放牧 6.infuriated 激怒 7.jail 监狱 8.besieged 被包围 9.surrendered 头像 10.commander 指挥官 11.fiery 暴躁的 12.crumble 倒塌 13.raging 激烈的 14.retreated 撤退 15.bulk 主体 16.advance troop 先遣部队 17.swamp land 沼泽地 18.siesta 午睡 原文 Remember The Alamo! The first Europeans in the American Southwest were Spanish explorers and conquerors. They were followed by religious orders that set up missions to Christianize the Indians. One of these missions was San Antonio de Valero; it was founded in 1718 in what is now San Antonio, Texas. Later, the mission structure became known as The Alamo. In 1821, Moses Austin had persuaded the Spanish authorities to give him a charter to settle 200,000 acres in Texas. The elder Austin died shortly after this. Five weeks later, his son Stephen Austin traveled to San Antonioto have this charter confirmed by the Spanish governor. In 1822, Austin led 150 settlers into Texas. When Austin learned afterwards that Mexico was now independent of Spain,he journeyed to Mexico City to have his charter reconfirmed. The Mexicans appointed Austin regional administrator for his colony. Texas grew rapidly. Cotton farming and cattle ranching were profitable and attracted American settlers. By 1830, there were 16,000 Americans in Texas - four times the Spanish-Mexican population. Sam Houston had been a successful soldier and politician. He was a friend and supporter of President Andrew Jackson. However, personal problems and political difficulties led him to leave the U.S.A. for Texas. Meanwhile, the struggle for control of Mexico had been won in 1833 by Santa Ana. However, the independent thinking of the Texans infuriated Santa Ana. He had Stephen Austin thrown in jail, and sent an army into Texas. Austin was released from jail in time to organize the defense of Texas. The Mexican army was besieged inside the Alamo, and after fierce fighting, surrendered. The Mexicans were allowed to go home. Sam Houston was now elected the State's supreme commander. Not long after this, Santa Ana approached Texas with an army of 6,000 men. Houston decided not to meet Santa Ana in open battle but to wait for an advantage. He sent frontiersman Jim Bowie to the Alamo. Bowie's orders were to leave San Antonio and destroy the Alamo. When Bowie arrived, however, Texas volunteers were preparing the Alamo for a siege. Bowie and his men pitched in to help. Other volunteers came. The fiery William Travis arrived with 25 men. Then, the famous frontiersman, Davy Crockett came with a dozen Tennessee sharpshooters. When Santa Ana attacked, there were 183 Americans inside the fort. Santa Ana brought up cannon to bombard the Alamo. As the walls began to crumble, 4,000 Mexicans attacked from all four sides. The Mexicans overcame all resistance because of their large numbers,but they suffered very heavy losses. All the American defenders were killed. While the battle was raging, the Texans back at the colony declared their independence from Mexico. Sam Houston now gathered men to fight the Mexican army. At first, he retreated while waiting for a suitable opportunity. When Santa Ana's rapid advance left the bulk of the Mexican army behind, Houston prepared to fight. Santa Ana's advance troops moved into swampy land by the San Jacinto River. Houston's men attacked while the Mexicans were having their midday siesta. Their battle cry was "Remember the Alamo!". The battle was soon over. Many Mexicans were killed, but only a couple of Texans were killed. Santa Ana was a prisoner. Santa Ana readily agreed now to recognize Texas as an independent republic. Ninety years later, in 1845, Texas became the 28th State of the U.S.A. 翻译 记住阿拉莫！ 美国西南部的第一批欧洲人是西班牙探险家和征服者。 随后，宗教组织设立了传教士，将印第安人基督教化。 其中一个任务是圣安东尼奥·德瓦莱罗；它于1718年在现在的德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥市成立。 后来，任务被称为阿拉莫。 1821年，摩西·奥斯汀说服西班牙当局给他一份在德克萨斯州定居20万英亩土地的特许权。 老奥斯汀不久就去世了。 五周后，他的儿子斯蒂芬·奥斯汀前往圣安东尼奥，让西班牙总督确认这份宪章。 1822年，奥斯汀带领150名定居者进入德克萨斯州。 奥斯汀后来得知墨西哥现已独立于西班牙，于是前往墨西哥城重新确认其宪章。 墨西哥人任命奥斯汀为其殖民地的行政长官。 德克萨斯州发展迅速。 棉花种植和养牛业有利可图，吸引了美国定居者。 到1830年，德克萨斯州有16000名美国人，是西班牙裔墨西哥人口的四倍。 萨姆·休斯顿是一位成功的士兵和政治家。 他是安德鲁·杰克逊总统的朋友和支持者。 然而，个人问题和政治困难导致他离开美国前往德克萨斯州。 与此同时，1833年圣安娜赢得了对墨西哥的控制权。 然而，德克萨斯人的独立思想激怒了圣安娜。 他将斯蒂芬·奥斯汀投入监狱，并向德克萨斯州派遣了一支军队。 奥斯汀及时获释，以组织德克萨斯州的抵抗。 墨西哥军队在阿拉莫被包围，经过激烈的战斗后投降。 墨西哥人被允许回家。 萨姆·休斯顿当选为该州最高指挥官。 此后不久，圣安娜率领6000人的军队接近德克萨斯州。 休斯顿决定不在公开战中与圣安娜交锋，而是等待优势机会。 他派边锋吉姆·鲍伊去阿拉莫。 鲍伊的命令是离开圣安东尼奥，摧毁阿拉莫。 然而，当鲍伊抵达时，德克萨斯州的志愿者正在为阿拉莫的围攻做准备。 鲍伊和他的部下投入到帮助中。 其他志愿者也来了。 脾气暴躁的威廉·特拉维斯带着25个人来到这里。 然后，著名的拓荒者戴维·克罗基特带着十几名田纳西神枪手来到这里。 圣安娜袭击时，堡垒内有183名美国人。 圣安娜举起大炮轰炸阿拉莫。 随着城墙开始倒塌，4000名墨西哥人从四面八方发起攻击。 墨西哥人克服了所有阻力，因为他们的人数众多，但他们遭受了非常严重的损失。 所有的美国保卫者都被杀了。 当战斗激烈时，回到殖民地的德克萨斯人宣布脱离墨西哥独立。 山姆·休斯顿现在集结兵力与墨西哥军队作战。 起初，他在等待合适的机会时撤退了。 当圣安娜的快速推进将大部分墨西哥军队甩在身后时，休斯顿准备战斗。 圣安娜的先遣部队进入圣哈辛托河旁的沼泽地。 休斯顿的人在墨西哥人午睡时发动袭击。 他们的战斗口号是“记住阿拉莫！” 战斗很快结束了。 许多墨西哥人被杀，但只有几个德克萨斯人被杀。 圣安娜是个囚犯。 圣安娜现在欣然同意承认德克萨斯州为独立共和国。 90年后的1845年，德克萨斯州成为美国的第28个州。 文稿及音频 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”

提示 1.每期为一篇听力题，每篇裁剪为若干片段，每个片段重复四遍。 2.可以前两遍盲听理解，后两遍根据文字内容精听。 3.根据中英文意思，听不懂的地方多听几遍。 原文 2018.12六级第一套 recording two We've talked recently about the importance of sustainable energy. 我们最近谈到了可持续能源的重要性。 We've also talked about the different theories on how that can be done. 我们还谈到了如何做到这一点的一些不同理论。 So far, our discussions have all been theoretical. Now I have a practical question for you all. 到目前为止，我们的讨论都是理论上的。现在我有一个实际的问题给大家。 Can you run a 140, 000 kilogram train on just the steam generated by solar power? 你可以用太阳能产生的蒸汽来运行14万公斤的火车吗？ Well, one engineer, Tim Casselman, believes it's possible. And his home city of Sacramento, California should see the technology's first test as part of the upgrading of its rail yard. 一位工程师Tim Casselman认为这是可能的。他的家乡加利福尼亚州萨克拉门托市作为其铁路场地升级的一部分，应该见证这项技术的第一次测试。 Casselman, who is an inventor and self-proclaimed steam visionary, is campaigning for a new steam train that runs without any fire and could run on an existing 10 kilometer line drawing tourist and perhaps offering city commuters a green alternative to their cars. Casselman是一位发明家，也是一位自称蒸汽梦想家的人，他正在推行一种新式蒸汽列车——无需火烧，并且可以在现有的10公里线路上行驶运载游客，或许也可以为城市上班族提供一种个人汽车的绿色替代品。 Casselman wants to build an array of solar magnifying mirrors at one end of the line to collect and focus heat onto water filled tubes. Casselman希望在生产线的一端建造一系列太阳能放大镜，以便将热量聚集到充满水的管子上。 This would generate steam that could be used to fill tanks on a small steam train without the use of fire. 这将产生蒸汽，可用于在不使用火的情况下，填充在小型蒸汽火车上的储罐上。 Supplying power to trains in this way would offer the shortest distance from well to wheels he says with the least amount of energy lost. 他说，以这种方式为火车提供动力，将使得气井到车轮的距离最短，从而能量消耗最少。 According to Harry Valentijn, a Canadian engineer who is researching modern steam technology, a special tank measuring 2 by 10 meters could store over 750 kilowatt hours of energy as high pressure steam enough to pull a two car train for an hour or so. 根据正在研究现代蒸汽技术的加拿大工程师Harry Valentijn所说，一个2米宽10米长的特殊水箱可储存超过750千瓦时的能量，高压蒸汽足以拉动两个车厢的火车一小时左右。 Energy to drive a steam locomotive can be stored in other materials besides water. 驱动蒸汽机车的能量可以存储在除水之外的其他材料中。 for example, a team at Tohoku University in Japan has studied materials that can store large amounts of heat when heated. 例如，日本东北大学的一个团队已经研究了可以在加热时储存大量热量的材料。 These materials turn from a solid into a liquid absorbing energy as they change phase. 这些材料吸收能量时发生相变，从固体变成液体。 The liquid is maintained above its melting point until steam is required at which point the liquid is allowed to turn back into a solid releasing its stored energy. 液体保持在其熔点以上，到需要蒸汽时，液体可以变回固体释放其储存的能量。 Another team at Nagoya University in Japan has tested calcium compound as an energy storage material. 日本名古屋大学的另一个团队已经测试了钙化合物作为储能材料。 Heating this chemical compound drives off carbon dioxide gas leaving calcium oxide. 加热这种化合物会驱除二氧化碳气体，留下氧化钙。 The gas can be stored under pressure in a tank to recover the energy. The gas is fed back over the calcium oxide. 气体可以在压力下储存在储罐中以回收能量。气体被氧化钙反作用。 In theory says Valentijn this can create a high enough temperature to generate superheated steam. Valentjn说，理论上这个过程可以产生足够高的温度来产生过热蒸汽。 问题： 19: A) The engineering problems with solar power. B) The generation of steam with the latest technology. C) The importance of exploring new energy sources. D) The theoretical aspects of sustainable energy. 20: A) The engineering problems with solar power. B) The generation of steam with the latest technology. C) The importance of exploring new energy sources. D) The theoretical aspects of sustainable energy. 21: A) Build a thank for keeping calcium oxide. B) Find a new material for storing energy. C) Recover super-heated steam. D) Collect carbon dioxide gas.

提示 一、十个句子每个句子念两遍，念完后从头再念两遍。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.chain 连环 2.pupil 学生 3.homosexuals 同性恋者 4.commoners 平民 5.merchants 商人 6.stroll 散步 原文 121. This robot does whatever I say. That's a big help when I'm too tired to do anything. Not too likely, huh? 我叫这个机器人做甚么，它就做甚么。我累得不想动的时候，它就很帮得上忙。-这种事不太可能吧？ 122. For example, if a chain-smoking teacher cautions a pupil for smoking, that warning is self-contradictory. 举例说，如果一个老师警告学生不要吸烟，但自己却每天吸个不停，那么这个警告就是自相矛盾的了。 123. Over the last hundred years, there have been twenty-seven recorded deaths from spider bites in Australia. 过去一百多年，澳大利亚共有二十七例蜘蛛咬人致死的记录。 124. The audio feature is only available in some sentences in Chinese, Dutch, French, German and Shanghainese. 音频功能仅适用在某些语言的句子中，如中文，荷兰语，法语，德语和上海话。 125. Because of the change in Canadian marriage laws, many American homosexuals came to Canada to get married. 由于加拿大婚姻法的改变，所以很多美国同性恋者去了加拿大结婚。 126. The more cheese, the more holes. The more holes, the less cheese. Thus: The more cheese, the less cheese. 越多奶酪越多洞。洞越多则奶酪越少。因此：奶酪越多就越少奶酪。 127. The term "hutong", originally meaning "water well", came from the Mongolian language about 700 years ago. “胡同”这个词，本意是“水井”，来源于700年前的蒙古语。 128. Farther from the palace and to its north and south were the commoners, merchants, artisans, and laborers. 远离宫殿的北方及南方是平民、商人、工艺师傅和工人。 129. On the one hand I called you to invite you to dinner, on the other to tell you my son is getting married. 我打电话给你，一方面是想请你吃饭，另一方面是想告诉你我儿子要结婚了。 130. When I first came to Beijing, I loved to stroll everywhere, but Beijing was not like what I had imagined. 我先来北京时，就去哪里都爱逛街，可是北京跟我想象的不一样。

听前提示 一、三遍英文，一遍中文，再一遍英文。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.cassette tapes 盒式磁带 2.compact disks 光盘 3.circumstances 情况 原文 121. Those brothers are both over6 feet in height. That's indeed tall. 那兄弟几人身高都超过了6英尺。这确实是高。 122. It's a strange story, but every word of it is true. 这个故事很奇怪，但每句话都是真的。 123. Cassette tapes seem to have given way to compact disks in popularity. 盒式磁带似乎已经让位于流行的光盘。 124. The woman to whom you were talking is my sister. 和你聊天的那个女人是我姐姐。 125. May Day is also a festival day for the workers in the world. 劳动节也是全世界劳动人民的节日。 126. Mike and I had a hamburger this afternoon and we talk. 迈克和我今天下午吃了汉堡，我们聊了聊。 127. If it were not for air and water, nothing could live. 如果没有空气和水，万物将无法生存。 128. It was so hot that she felt like eating ice cream. 天气太热了，她想吃冰淇淋。 129. We hope you will understand the difficult circumstances we're working under. 我们希望你能理解我们工作面临的困难情况。 130. As I was at a loss what to do, I asked my teacher for advice. 当我不知所措时，我会向老师寻求建议。

词汇提示 1.huts 小屋 2.beads 珠子 3.interior 内陆 4.companions 伙伴 5.dragged 拖拉 6.clubs 棍棒 7.plot 阴谋 原文 Pocahontas and John Smith In 1606, King James of England approved the establishment of two colonies along the eastern coast of America. The northern colony in Maine lasted only a year. The southern one at Jamestown in Virginia became England's first permanent settlement in America In 1607, the Virginia Company sent 104 settlers to Virginia. The settlers lived in tents all summer. By September, more than 60 were dead because they lacked good food or water. The leaders of the colony were not energetic and did little to make the settlers find food. One member of the company, Captain John Smith, was determined that the colony would survive. Smith pressured the colonists to build huts, a storehouse, and a church. He made daring trips to Indian villages, demanding that they give the settlers food in return for beads and copper. He threatened settlers who were trying to leave the colony and go back to England. On one of his trips to the interior, Indians attacked John Smith. They killed his two companions but captured him alive. He was taken first to the local chief. This chief was impressed by Smith's compass and spared his life. His captors dragged Smith from village to village. He finally arrived at the town belonging to Powhatan. Powhatan was the great chief for all of the tribes in that region. Powhatan and his advisors talked about what to do with Smith. Suddenly, Smith was dragged forward, and his head was pushed against a stone. The warriors raised their clubs to kill Smith. Then Pocahontas, who was Powhatan's twelve-year-old daughter, begged for his life. Her words had no effect, so Pocahontas ran to Smith. She took his head in her arms and laid her own head against his head. Smith was released and went back to Jamestown. Soon after Smith returned, one hundred new settlers from England arrived. It was a very cold winter, and in January, Jamestown was accidentally set on fire. The settlers suffered from cold and hunger the rest of the winter. Every four or five days, Pocahontas and her attendants came. They brought food for the hungry settlers. Even so, half of them died. In the summer, John Smith explored that part of the coast of America. He made a map that would be very valuable for future sailors and settlers. On his return, Smith was elected leader of the colony at Jamestown. However, some settlers did not like having to follow rules. Some encouraged the Indians to try to kill Smith. Chief Powhatan agreed. He also refused to supply food to the colony, hoping to starve them out. Pocahontas warned Smith about the plot against his life. Smith had to fight off several attempts to kill him. Finally, the colony seemed to be growing, and the Indians became peaceful. But in late 1609, Smith was injured in an explosion and returned to England. Pocahontas remained a friend to the colony. She married John Rolfe, one of the settlers. In 1616, she traveled to England with her husband and son. There she saw John Smith once again. She was so surprised to see him that she was unable to speak for several days. Pocahontas had believed that Smith was dead. The following year she died and was buried in England. Pocahontas' love for Smith, and Smith's determination to fight for the colony, had saved Jamestown and given the English their first colony in America. 翻译 波卡洪塔斯和约翰·史密斯 1606年，英国国王詹姆斯批准在美国东海岸建立两个殖民地。 缅因州的北方殖民地只持续了一年。 弗吉尼亚州詹姆斯敦的南部定居点成为英国在美国的第一个永久定居点 1607年，弗吉尼亚公司向弗吉尼亚州派遣了104名定居者。 定居者整个夏天都住在帐篷里。 截至9月，已有60多人因缺乏优质食物或水而死亡。 殖民地的领导人精力不足，几乎没有让定居者找到食物。 该公司的一名成员，约翰·史密斯上尉，决定该殖民地将继续生存下去。 史密斯推动殖民者建造小屋、仓库和教堂。 他大胆前往印第安人村庄，要求他们给定居者食物，用来交换珠子和铜。 他威胁那些试图离开殖民地回到英国的定居者。 在他一次内陆旅行中，印第安人袭击了约翰·史密斯。 他们杀死了他的两个同伴，活捉了他。 他首先被带到当地的酋长那里。 这位酋长对史密斯的思想印象深刻，因此饶了他一命。 抓捕他的人把史密斯从一个村庄拖到另一个村庄。 他终于到达了波瓦坦镇。 波瓦坦是该地区所有部落的伟大首领。 波瓦坦和他的顾问们讨论了如何处理史密斯。 突然，史密斯被向前拖，他的头被推到了一块石头上。 战士们举起棍棒要杀死史密斯。 波瓦坦12岁的女儿波卡洪塔斯向波瓦坦乞求生命。 波卡洪塔斯的话没有效果，所以她跑向史密斯。 她把他的头抱在怀里，把自己的头靠在他的头上。 史密斯被释放，回到詹姆斯敦。 史密斯回国后不久，100名来自英国的新定居者抵达。 那是一个非常寒冷的冬天，一月份，詹姆斯敦意外起火。 定居者在冬天剩下的时间里忍受着寒冷和饥饿。 每隔四五天，波卡洪塔斯和她的随从就会来。 他们为饥饿的定居者带来了食物。 即便如此，他们中的一半还是死了。 夏天，约翰·史密斯探索了美国海岸的那一部分。 他绘制了一幅地图，对未来的水手和定居者来说非常有价值。 史密斯一回来就被选为詹姆斯敦殖民地的领袖。 然而，一些定居者不喜欢遵守规则。 一些人鼓励印第安人尝试杀死史密斯。 波瓦坦酋长表示同意。 他还拒绝向殖民地提供食物，希望把他们饿死。 波卡洪塔斯警告史密斯，这是针对他生命的阴谋。 史密斯击退了几次杀害他的企图。 最后，殖民地扩张了，印第安人变得和平。 但在1609年末，史密斯在一次爆炸中受伤并返回英国。 波卡洪塔斯仍然是殖民地的朋友。 她嫁给了定居者之一约翰·罗尔夫。 1616年，她与丈夫和儿子前往英国。 在那里，她再次见到了约翰·史密斯。 她见到他非常惊讶，好几天都不能说话了。 波卡洪塔斯相信史密斯已经死了。 第二年，她去世，葬在英国。 波卡洪塔斯对史密斯的爱，以及史密斯为殖民地而战的决心，拯救了詹姆斯敦，并且成英国人在美国的第一个殖民地。 文稿及音频 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”

提示 1.每期为一篇听力题，每篇裁剪为若干片段，每个片段重复四遍。 2.可以前两遍盲听理解，后两遍根据文字内容精听。 3.根据中英文意思，听不懂的地方多听几遍。 原文 2018.12六级第一套 recording one Here is my baby niece Sarah. Her mum is a doctor and her dad is a lawyer. 这是我的小侄女莎拉。她的妈妈是医生，她的父亲是律师。 By the time Sarah goes to college the jobs her parents do are going to look dramatically different. 当莎拉上大学的时候，她父母的工作发生了巨大的变化。 In 2013, researchers at Oxford University did a study on the future of work. 2013年，牛津大学的研究人员对未来的工作进行了研究。 They concluded that almost one in every two jobs has a high risk of being automated by machines. 他们的结论是，几乎每两个工作中就有一个被机器自动化替代的高风险。 Machine learning is the technology that's responsible for most of this disruption. 机器学习就是造成这种混乱的原因。 It's the most powerful branch of artificial intelligence. 它是人工智能最强大的分支。 It allows machines to learn from data and copy some of the things that humans can do. 它允许机器从数据中学习并复制人类可以做的一些事情。 My company, Kaggle, operates on the cutting edge of machine learning. 我的公司，Kaggle，在机器学习的最前沿运作。 We bring together hundreds of thousands of experts to solve important problems for industry and academia. 我们汇聚了数十万的专家来为工业界和学术界解决重大问题。 This gives us a unique perspective on what machines can do, what they can't do and what jobs they might automate or threaten. 这为我们提供了一个独特的视角，可以了解机器可以做什么，不能做什么以及可以自动化或威胁哪些工作。 Machine learning started making its way into industry in the early 90s. It started with relatively simple tasks. 机器学习在90年代初开始进入工业领域。它从相对简单的任务开始的。 It started with things like assessing credit risk from loan applications, sorting the mail by reading handwritten zip codes. 它是从例如评估贷款申请的信用风险、阅读手写的邮政编码对邮件进行分类等开始的。 Over the past few years, we have made dramatic breakthroughs. 过去几年，我们取得了重大突破。 Machine learning is now capable of far, far more complex tasks. In 2012, Kaggle challenged its community to build a program that could grade high school essays. 机器学习现在能够完成更复杂的任务。2012年，Kaggle向其社区发起挑战，建立一个可以评价高中论文的程序。 The winning programs were able to match the grades given by human teachers. 获胜程序给出的成绩能够与人类教师的相匹配。 Now given the right data, machines are going to outperform humans at tasks like this. 现在给出正确的数据，机器在这样的任务表现上将胜过人类。 A teacher might read 10,000 essays over a 40-year career. A machine can read millions of essays within minutes. 在40年的职业生涯中，老师可能会阅读10，000篇论文。一台机器可以在几分钟内阅读数百万篇论文。 We have no chance of competing against machines on frequent high-volume tasks, but there are things we can do that machines cannot. 我们没有机会在频繁的大容量任务中与机器竞争，但仍然有一些我们可以做而机器无法做到的事情。 Where machines have made very little progress is in tackling novel situations. 机器在处理新情况方面取得的进步很小。 Machines can't handle things they haven't seen many times before. 机器无法处理之前没有反复见过的事情。 The fundamental limitation of machine learning is that it needs to learn from large volumes of past data. 机器学习的基本限制是它需要从大量过去的数据中学习。 But humans don't. We have the ability to connect seemingly different threads to solve problems we've never seen before. 但是人类没有这种限制。我们有能力连接看似不同的线索来解决我们以前从未见过的问题。 问题： 16: A) About half of current jobs might be automated. B) The jobs of doctors and lawyers would be threatened. C) The job market is becoming somewhat unpredictable. D) Machine learning would prove disruptive by 2013. 17: A) They are widely applicable for massive open online courses. B) They are now being used by numerous high school teachers. C) They could read as many as 10,000 essays in a single minute. D) They could grade high-school essays just like human teachers. 18 A) It needs instructions throughout the process. B) It does poorly on frequent, high-volume tasks. C) It has to rely on huge amounts of previous data. D) It is slow when it comes to tracking novel things.

提示 一、十个句子每个句子念两遍，念完后从头再念两遍。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.detect 探测 2.vibrations 震动 3.skull 颅骨 4.pale 灰白的 5.sack 解雇 6.superstitions 迷信 原文 111. If you have hope, then you'll certainly find happiness, and will become a role model for others as well. 如果你怀抱希望，那么你一定会找到幸福，而且也会成为其他人的榜样。 112. Instead, they detect sounds through their tongues and feel vibrations through sense organs in the skull. 相反，他们通过舌头来侦测声音，并通过头骨内的感觉器官来感受震动。 113. According to one study, Amazon's sales go down by 1% for every 100-millisecond lag in its loading times. 有研究称，打开速度每慢100毫秒，Amazon的销售额就下降1%。 114. By switching your lover from 3D to 2D, you may successfully reduce all social-interaction-related costs. 把恋人从3D换成2D可以有效地降低交际所需的费用。 115. In July of 2015, the highest temperature in the capital city of Iraq, Baghdad, was 51.1 degrees Celsius. 在2015年七月，伊拉克首都巴格达出现摄氏51.1度的高温。 116. Your face looks pale. Are you OK? Maybe it would be better if you went to the hospital, don't you think? 脸色这么差不要紧吗？要不还是去一趟医院比较好吧？ 117. I got the sack but I've a little saved up, so for the time being I won't be troubled by living expenses. 虽然我被公司解雇了，但是我还有点存款，所以目前不用担心生计问题。 118. In the past, Turks felt like foreigners on this street because so many international tourists were here. 以前，土耳其人在这条街上感觉就像外国人，因为这里的国际游客太多了。 119. There's not a lot of time left until the meeting starts. Let's go inside and have a look at who's there. 会议很快就开始了，我们进去看看有谁来了。 120. Superstitions derive from the inability of men to acknowledge that coincidences are merely coincidences. 迷信之所以存在，是因为人无法接受巧合只是巧合而已。

听前提示 一、三遍英文，一遍中文，再一遍英文。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.sake 目的 2.sufficient 满足 3.benevolent 仁慈的 4.mow 修剪 5.brink 边缘 原文 111. Students are supposed to turn in reports at the end of the school year. 学生应该在学年结束时提交报告。 112. To give up smoking is not easy, but you should for the sake of your health. 戒烟是不容易，但为了你的健康著想，你应该戒烟。 113. To begin with, the funds are not sufficient for running a grocery store. 首先，这笔资金不足以经管一家雑货店。 114. The paint on the seat on which you are sitting is still wet. 你坐的座位上的油漆还没干。 115. It was obvious that the driver had not been careful enough. 很明显，司机不够小心。 116. He got angry because he thought (that) everyone was trying to make a fool of him. 他生气了，因为他认为每个人都想愚弄他。 117. He was a benevolent old man who volunteered to mow his neighbors' lawns for free. 他是一个仁慈的老人，自愿免费为邻居修剪草坪。 118. We've talked over this matter in detail for half an hour already. Let's finish it off. 这件事我们已经详细地讨论了半个小时了，我们把它做完吧。 119. When we were on the brink of starvation, they saved our lives. 当我们快饿死的时候，他们救了我们的命 120. If she should come to Japan, Jane would be very happy. 如果她来日本，简会很高兴的。

词汇提示 1.plains 草原 2.buckskin 鹿皮 3.spear 矛 4.bow 弓 5.tame 驯服 6.creep up 爬过去 7.stamped 受惊 8.trample 踩踏 9.steep cliff 陡峭的悬崖 10.bullets 子弹 11.slain 杀死 12.teepees 圆锥形帐篷 13.nomadic 游牧的 14.rituals 仪式性的 15.warfare 战争 原文 Plains Indians The best known picture of an American Indian is a warrior in buckskin, riding a horse, wearing a headdress of eagle feathers and carrying a spear, or bow and arrow. This is a picture of a Plains Indian, and it appears in many Hollywood westerns and on the American five-cent piece. There were many tribes of Plains Indians for the Northern American prairies or plains stretch from the northern forest of western Canada down to the States of Oklahoma and Texas in southern U.S.A. It is interesting that our image of the Plains Indian is only true for the last couple hundred years. It was not until the 1600s that Plains Indians began to ride horses. There were no horses in America until Spanish soldiers brought them in the 1500s and 1600s. Some of these horses escaped and ran wild on the prairies of America. It was these wild horses that the Plains Indians learned to tame. Before they had horses, the Indians hunted buffalo on foot. Buffalo were huge bison, or wild cattle, which traveled in very large herds. A big herd might have millions of buffalo. It was difficult to cross the prairie because these animals blocked your way. The Plains Indians had various ways of killing buffalo. Before they had horses, Indian hunters would quietly creep up close to the herd; then they would fire their arrows together. There was always the danger that the herd would stampede and trample the hunters. Another method was to drive the buffalo over a steep cliff. There are a number of places on the plains where this was done. Once the Plains Indians had horses, they preferred to hunt buffalo on horseback. When the tribes started to use guns, they could kill many buffalo. Artist Paul Kane describes a buffalo hunt in the Red River Valley in 1846. The hunters carried their bullets in their mouths so that they could shoot faster. They would ride right into the herd, shooting at close quarters. They would drop an article of clothes on the slain buffalo to mark it for themselves. Then they would continue the hunt. After the hunt, the Indians would skin the animals,and the women would dry the meat and store it in fat. A single hunt might kill more than 30,000 buffalo. The Plains Indians received nearly everything they needed from the buffalo. Of course, they used buffalo meat for food. They also used the buffalo skins for clothing, blankets, and the covering of their teepees. These teepees were cone-shaped tents, which were easy to put up and take down. Plains Indians were nomadic, and followed the animals they hunted. Since these animals were plentiful, Plains Indians usually led a comfortable life. They developed complex religions and social rituals,as well as specialized societies or clubs. There were also rituals and customs for hunting and warfare. Many Plains Indians fought hard against the settlement of the Great Plains. The American government discouraged the hunting of buffalo,because without the buffalo the Plains Indians would not be able to fight. With the buffalo disappearing, the Plains Indians had to give up fighting and move into government-sponsored reservations. 翻译 大平原印第安人 最著名的美国印第安人照片是一位身穿鹿皮的战士，骑着马，头戴鹰羽毛的头饰，手持长矛或弓箭。 这是一张平原印第安人的照片，它出现在许多好莱坞西部片和美国五美分纸币上。 美国北部大草原有许多平原印第安人部落，从加拿大西部的北部森林一直延伸到美国南部的俄克拉荷马州和得克萨斯州。 有趣的是，我们对平原印第安人的印象只有在过去的几百年里才是真实的。 直到17世纪，平原印第安人才开始骑马。 直到16世纪和16世纪西班牙士兵把马带来，美国才有马。 其中一些马逃跑了，在美国大草原上狂奔。 平原印第安人学会驯服的正是这些野马。 在有马之前，印第安人步行猎杀水牛。 水牛是巨大的野牛，它们成群结队地迁徙。 一个大群可能有数百万头水牛。 穿越大草原很困难，因为这些动物挡住了你的路。 平原印第安人有各种杀死水牛的方法。 在他们有马之前，印度猎人会悄悄地靠近马群；然后他们会一起射箭。 牧群总是有踩踏和践踏猎人的危险。 另一种方法是把水牛赶出陡峭的悬崖。 平原上有许多这样的地方。 一旦平原印第安人有了马，他们就喜欢骑马猎杀水牛。 当部落开始使用枪支时，他们可以杀死许多水牛。 艺术家保罗·凯恩（PaulKane）描述了1846年在红河谷（Red River Valley）狩猎水牛的情景。 猎人们把子弹叼在嘴里，以便能射得更快。 他们会骑马进入牛群，近距离射击。 他们会把一件衣服扔在被杀的水牛身上为自己做标记。 然后他们会继续狩猎。 狩猎结束后，印第安人会剥动物的皮，女人们会把肉弄干并储存在脂肪中。 一次狩猎可能杀死30000多头水牛。 平原印第安人几乎从水牛那里得到了他们所需要的一切。 当然，他们用水牛肉做食物。 他们还用水牛皮做衣服、毯子和圆锥形帐篷的覆盖物。 这些圆锥形帐篷很容易搭建和拆除。 平原印第安人是游牧民族，他们追踪他们猎杀的动物。 由于这些动物数量众多，平原印第安人通常过着舒适的生活。 他们发展了复杂的宗教和社会仪式，以及专门的社团或俱乐部。 还有狩猎和战争的仪式和习俗。 许多平原印第安人奋力反抗大平原的定居。 美国政府不鼓励猎杀水牛，没有水牛平原印第安人就无法战斗。 随着水牛的消失，平原印第安人不得不放弃战斗，搬到政府资助的保留地。 文稿及音频 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”