提示 1.每期为一篇听力题，每篇裁剪为若干片段，每个片段重复四遍。 2.可以前两遍盲听理解，后两遍根据文字内容精听。 3.根据中英文意思，听不懂的地方多听几遍。 原文 2018.12六级第一套 Passage Two A good dose of willpower is often necessary to see any task through whether it's sticking to a spending plan or finishing a great novel. 通常良好的意志力对于完成任何任务都是必要的，无论是坚持一项支出计划还是完成一部伟大小说。 And if you want to increase that willpower, a new study suggests you just simply have to believe you have it. 如果你想增强意志力，一项新的研究表明你只需要相信你拥有它。 According to this study, what matters most is what we think about our willpower. 根据这项研究，最重要的就是我们对意志力的持有什么看法。 If we believe it's a finite resource, we act that way, we feel exhausted and need breaks between demanding mental tasks. 如果我们认为这是一种有限的资源，我们就会表现对应的举止：我们感到筋疲力尽，在高要求的脑力活动之间需要休息。 However, people who view their willpower as a limitless resource get energized instead. 然而，那些将自己的意志力视为无限资源的人却变得精力充沛。 The researchers used a psychological assessment tool to test the validity of the study. 研究人员使用心理评估工具来测试研究的有效性。 They asked 1100 Americans and 1600 Europeans to grade different statements such as after a challenging mental activity, my energy is depleted and I must rest to get it refueled again or I can focus on a mental task for long periods without feeling tired. 他们要求1100名美国人和1600名欧洲人对不同的说法进行评分，例如在经过挑战性的脑力活动之后我的能量消耗殆尽、我必须休息以再次恢复能量，或我可以长时间专注于脑力任务没有感到疲倦。 Although there was little difference between men and women overall, Americans were more likely to admit to needing breaks after completing mentally challenging tasks. 尽管男女之间整体上几乎没有什么区别，美国人更有可能承认，在完成具有挑战性的脑力任务后需要休息。 European participants on the other hand claimed they were able to keep going. 而另一方面欧洲参与者却声称他们能够继续前进。 Based on the findings, the researchers suggest that the key to boosting your willpower is to believe that you have an abundant supply of it. 根据研究结果，研究人员认为提高你的意志力的关键是相信你自己有充足的意志力。 Your feelings about your willpower affect the way you behave. But these feelings are changeable, they said. 你对意志力的感受会影响你的行为方式。但是他们说这些感觉是多变的。 Changing your beliefs about the nature of your self-control can have positive effects on character development. 改变你对自我控制本质的看法可以对人格发展产生积极影响。 This leads to healthier behaviors and perceptions of other people. 这会带来更健康的行为，也会改善对他人的看法。 问题： 12: A) A good start. B) A detailed plan. C) A strong determination. D) A scientific approach. 13: A) Most people get energized after a sufficient rest. B) Most people tend to have a finite source of energy. C) It is vital to take breaks between demanding mental tasks. D) It is most important to have confidence in one 's willpower. 14: A) They could keep on working longer. B) They could do more challenging tasks. C) They found it easier to focus on work at hand. D) They held more positive attitudes toward life. 15: A) They are part of their nature. B) They are subject to change. C) They are related to culture. D) They are beyond control.

提示 一、十个句子每个句子念两遍，念完后从头再念两遍。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.lousy 糟糕的 2.programmer 程序员 3.gorillas 猩猩 原文 101. After he had graduated from the university, he taught English for two years. 从他大学毕业以后，他教了两年的英语。 102. Why did you wake me up to tell me something that big? Now, I'll never be able to concentrate on my work! 你为什么要唤我起来，告诉我如此晴天霹雳的消息？现在你教我如何认真工作？ 103. That's the thing about people who think they hate computers. What they really hate is lousy programmers. 那些自认为讨厌电脑的人就是这么回事。他们真正讨厌的是差劲 的程序员。 104. In Thailand, bringing up the children isn't the father's responsibility; it's entirely up to the mother. 在泰国，照顾子女不是父亲的责任，而是由母亲一手包办的。 105. Gorillas cannot use their lips and tongues to speak, but they can communicate with people in other ways. 虽然猩猩不懂得开口说话，但他们能用其他方式和人类沟通。 106. If your friend reminds you kindly of your faults, take what he says not only pleasantly, but thankfully. 如果有朋友对你作出善意批评，你不止应该欣然接受，还要好好的感谢他。 107. The Japanese Parliament today officially elected Ryütarõ Hashimoto as the country's 52nd prime minister. 日本国会今天正式选举了桥本龙太郎作为全国第52届总理。 108. "What was that person saying?" "He couldn't communicate in Russian at all so I told him off in Russian." “那个人在说什么？” “他一点也无法用俄语沟通，所以我用俄语责备他。” 109. You're not entirely to blame; just then I was listening to music all along, and wasn't paying attention. 那也不能全怪你，刚才我一直在听歌，也没注意。 110. As much as 90 percent of happiness comes from elements such as attitude, life control and relationships. 高达百分之九十的快乐来自看法、生活控制、关系等因素。

听前提示 一、三遍英文，一遍中文，再一遍英文。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.weather 度过 2.inevitable 无法避免的 原文 101. In the U.S., you usually have to show identification in order to buy alcohol. 在美国，买酒通常需要出示身份证件。 102. Since then he had put his whole soul into his work. 从那时起，他就全身心地投入到工作中去了。 103. Until quite recently, most of the things we needed were made by hand. 直到最近，我们需要的大部分东西都是手工制作的。 104. The industrialist found a wealthy financier to help him weather the storm which was inevitable. 实业家找到了一位富有的金融家来帮助他度过这场不可避免的风暴。 105. This novel is so easy that even a child can read it. 这本小说很浅显，连小孩都能看懂。 106. The lady that is speaking to that boy is his teacher. 正在和那个男孩说话的那位女士是他的老师。 107. The engineer seeks not so much to know nature as to make use of it. 工程師与其说是想了解自然，不如说是想利用自然。 108. The children were so excited after the party that they couldn't sleep. 聚会结束后，孩子们兴奋得睡不着觉。 109. Nick can speak Portuguese very well. That's because he's been studying it for 5 years. 尼克葡萄牙语说得很好。那是因为他已经学习五年了。 110. In the car on the way home, he was making plans for the next day. 在回家的车上，他正在为第二天做计划。

词汇提示 1.forniter 边疆 2.wigwams 茅屋 3.measles 麻疹 4.smallpox 天花 5.vanish 消亡 6.canoe fleet 独木舟船队 7.sketches 素描 8.forts 堡垒 9.chief 酋长 10.tribes 部落 原文 Paul Kane, Frontier Artist Since Christopher Columbus first met American Indians in 1492, many Europeans had been fascinated by Indian life and culture. As a result, there was a demand in Europe for drawings and paintings of Native Americans. European artists who had never seen an Indian supplied most of this demand. But in the nineteenth century, several painters traveled into Indian Territory to make an authentic record of native life. One of the first artists to do this was the American painter George Catlin. In 1841, Catlin published a book of his work. Catlin's work helped inspire another important frontier artist, the Canadian Paul Kane. Paul Kane was born in Ireland in 1810. His family moved to Toronto, Ontario, Canada, when Paul was nine years old. The young boy was not very interested in school. At that time, there were still Indians living in wigwams in the Toronto area. Young Paul liked visiting the Indian village instead of going to school. Since Paul spent little time in school, he was largely a self-taught artist. He also became a surprisingly good writer,considering that he had not spent much time studying spelling or grammar. After working some years making and decorating furniture, Kane was ready to travel. He spent the years from 1836 to 1841 living and traveling in the United States. Then he traveled in Europe from 1841 to 1843, studying the great painters of the past. He was back in the U.S.A. until 1845, and then he returned to Toronto. Immediately upon his return, Kane headed into the wilderness areas around Georgian Bay, Sault Ste. Marie, and Lake Michigan. His plan was to sketch Indian life before it disappeared forever. American Indians were dying so rapidly from European diseases,such as measles and smallpox, that many people believed that they would soon vanish as a race. Their culture was threatened too. As white settlers demanded more land,Indians were being herded into small pieces of land called“reservations”. Here they could no longer practice their traditional way of life. Kane wanted to capture Native American life while it still existed. Kane returned to Toronto at the end of 1845. He had received one good piece of advice and that was if he wanted to travel into the wilderness，he would have to go with experienced people. He was able to get the support of the Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company, Sir George Simpson. In May 1846, Kane joined the annual canoe fleet of fur traders going west. Kane would travel all through the wilderness areas of western Canada and northwestern U.S.A. During this time, he made hundreds of sketches of Indian life. Although Kane faced incredible hardships during his travels,he was able to see what he wanted to see. He was able to take part in one of the last great Buffalo hunts and killed two large bison himself. Traveling west with the fur traders he visited many forts and trading posts. He saw and painted a prairie fire. He shot a grizzly bear at close range and killed several wolves that attacked his horses. He learned to travel long distances on snowshoes in winter. Finally, he arrived at the Pacific coast, where he made some fine drawings of the west coast Indians. European diseases had reached there just before Kane. Fifteen hundred Indians had died near Fort Vancouver in the summer of 1848. One wealthy chief had ruled 1,000 warriors and had ten wives, four children and eighteen slaves. Now he had only one wife, one child and two slaves. Kane had not come too soon. However, there were tribes still unaffected by western culture and western diseases. Kane also traveled widely around the Columbia River in northwestern U.S.A. Everywhere he went, he sketched Indian chiefs and scenes of native life. On his return trip, he encountered a large war party of 1,500 braves on the warpath against their traditional enemies. He was able to sketch the leading chief, Big Snake,who was later killed in single combat during the battle. When he arrived back in Toronto, Kane gave an exhibit of his sketches and watercolors. Most of the rest of his life was spent turning these drawings into finished paintings. 翻译 保罗·凯恩，边疆艺术家 自1492年克里斯托弗·哥伦布第一次见到美洲印第安人以来，许多欧洲人一直对印第安人的生活和文化着迷。 因此，欧洲对土著美国人的绘素描和绘画有需求。 从未见过印第安人的欧洲艺术家提供了大部分需求。 但在十九世纪，一些画家进入印第安人领土，真实记录当地生活。 美国画家乔治·卡特林是最早这样做的艺术家之一。 1841年，卡特林出版了一本他的著作。 卡特林的作品启发了另一位重要的边疆艺术家，加拿大的保罗·凯恩。 保罗·凯恩1810年出生于爱尔兰。 保罗九岁时，全家搬到加拿大安大略省多伦多。 这个小男孩对学校不太感兴趣。 当时，多伦多地区的维格瓦姆斯仍有印第安人居住。 年轻的保罗喜欢参观印第安人村庄而不是去上学。 由于保罗在学校的时间很少，他基本上是一个自学成才的艺术家。 他还成为了一个出人意料的好作家，尽管他没有花多少时间学习拼写或语法。 在制作和装饰家具几年后，凯恩准备旅行。 1836年至1841年，他在美国生活和旅行。 1841年至1843年，他在欧洲旅行，研究过去的伟大画家。 他回到美国直到1845年，然后回到多伦多。 凯恩一回来，就立即前往佐治亚湾附近的荒野地区，玛丽和密歇根湖。 他的计划是在印第安人永远消失之前勾勒出他们的生活。 美洲印第安人正迅速死于麻疹和天花等欧洲疾病，许多人认为他们很快就会作为一个种族消失。 他们的文化也受到了威胁。 随着白人定居者要求更多的土地，印第安人被放逐到称为“保留地”的小块土地上。 在这里，他们无法再实践他们的传统生活方式。 凯恩想抓住美洲土著人还在时的生活。 凯恩于1845年底返回多伦多。 他收到了一条很好的建议，那就是如果他想去野外旅行，他必须和有经验的人一起去。 他得到了哈德逊湾公司总裁乔治·辛普森爵士的支持。 1846年5月，凯恩加入了每年一度的皮草贸易商向西航行的独木舟船队。 凯恩将穿越加拿大西部和美国西北部的荒野地区。 在此期间，他绘制了数百幅印第安人生活的素描。 尽管凯恩在旅行中遇到了难以置信的困难，但他能够看到他想看到的东西。 他参加了最后一次大型野牛狩猎，并亲自杀死了两只大野牛。 他和毛皮商人一起向西旅行，参观了许多堡垒和贸易站。 他看到并画了一场草原大火。 他近距离射杀了一只灰熊，并杀死了几只袭击他的马的狼。 他在冬天学会了穿雪鞋长途旅行。 最后，他来到了太平洋海岸，在那里他画了一些西海岸印第安人的精美图画。 就在凯恩之前，欧洲疾病已经蔓延到了那里。 1848年夏天，1500名印度人在温哥华堡附近死亡。 一位富有的酋长曾统治着1000名战士，有十个妻子、四个孩子和十八个奴隶。 现在他只有一个妻子，一个孩子和两个奴隶。 凯恩来得不够早。 然而，仍有一些部落没有受到西方文化和西方疾病的影响。 凯恩还广泛游历了美国西北部的哥伦比亚河。 无论走到哪里，他都会勾勒出印第安酋长和当地生活的场景。 在返程途中，他遇到了一支由1500名勇士组成的大型作战队伍，他们正在与传统敌人作战。 他画出了首领大蛇的素描，大蛇后来在一场战斗中被杀。 当他回到多伦多时，凯恩展示了他的素描和水彩画。 他余生的大部分时间都在把这些画变成成品画。 文稿及音频 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”

提示 1.每期为一篇听力题，每篇裁剪为若干片段，每个片段重复四遍。 2.可以前两遍盲听理解，后两遍根据文字内容精听。 3.根据中英文意思，听不懂的地方多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.Arctic 北极 2.hovers 靠近 3.stunning 震惊 4.bizarre 反常的 5.surge 上升 6.melting 融化 7.penetrate 穿透 8.indigenous 本地的 9.ecosystems 生态系统 原文 2018.12六级第一套 Passage One During the arctic winter from October to March, the average temperature in the frozen north typically hovers around minus 20 degrees Celsius. 在10月至次年3月的北极冬季，冰冻北部的平均温度通常在零下20摄氏度左右徘徊。 But this year the Arctic is experiencing much higher temperatures. 但是今年北极正在经历更高的温度。 On February the 20th the temperature in Greenland climbed above freezing or zero degrees Celsius and it stayed there for over 24 hours. 2月20日，格陵兰岛的气温升至零摄氏度以上，并保持超过24个小时。 Then on February the 24th the temperature on Greenland's northern tip reached six degrees Celsius. 然后在2月24日，格陵兰岛北端的温度达到了6摄氏度。 Climate scientists describe the phenomenon as stunning. Weather conditions that drive this bizarre temperature surge have visited the Arctic before. 气候科学家称这种现象令人震惊。导致气温反常飙升的情况过去也曾在北极发生过。 They typically appear about once in a decade. However, the last such increase in temperature took place two years ago. 它们通常每十年发生一次。然而，上一次这样的温度升高是两年前才发生的。 This is troubling as climbing arctic temperatures combined with rapid sea ice loss are creating a new type of climate feedback loop which could accelerate Arctic warming. 这令人不安，因为不断升高的北极温度加上快速的海冰损失，正在创造一种新型的气候反馈循环，而它可以加速北极变暖。 Indeed, sea ice cover in the Arctic is melting faster than expected. Without those masses of cooling sea ice, warm air brought to the Arctic can penetrate further inland than it ever did before. 实际上，北极的海冰盖融化速度比预期的要快。如果没有大量海冰的冷却，被带到北极的暖空气可以比以前更深入地渗透到内陆。 The air can stay warmer longer too. This drives additional melting. 空气也可以保持更长时间的温暖。这会带来更多的融化。 Overall earth is warming at a rapid pace. 2014 through 2017 rank as the hottest years on record and the Arctic is warming twice as fast as any place else on earth. 整个地球正在快速变暖。2014年至2017年是有记录以来最热的年份，而北极的变暖速度是地球上任何其他地方的两倍。 This raises unique challenges for Arctic wildlife and indigenous people who depend on Arctic ecosystems to survive. 这给依赖北极生态系统生存的北极野生动物和土著居民带来了特殊的挑战。 Previously climate forecasts predicted that Arctic summer ice would disappear entirely by around 2060, but based on what scientists are seeing now the Arctic may be facing summers without ice within 20 years. 先前的气候预测估计，北极夏季冰将在2060年左右完全消失，但根据科学家现在所看到的情况，北极可能在20年内就会面临无冰的夏季。 问题： 9: What did climate scientists describe as stunning? A) The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland. B) The collapse of ice on the northern tip of Greenland. C) The unusual cold spell in the Arctic area in October. D) The rapid change of Arctic temperature within a day. 10: What does the passage say about that temperature surge in the Arctic? A) It has created a totally new climate pattern. B) It will pose a serious threat to many species. C) It typically appears about once every ten years. D) It has puzzled the climate scientists for decades. 11: What may occur in 20 years according to scientists' recent observations? A) Extinction of Arctic wildlife. B) Iceless summers in the Arctic. C) Emigration of indigenous people. D) Better understanding of ecosystems.

提示 一、十个句子每个句子念两遍，念完后从头再念两遍。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.striker 前锋 2.tackle 抢断球 3.withstand 承受 4.disheartened 灰心丧气 5.anxious 焦虑 6.Quran 古兰经 7.solely 纯粹的 原文 91. Although the accident has delayed progress by one month, we have managed to catch up with the schedule. 尽管事故使进度延迟了一个月，我们还是设法赶上了日程表。 92. Lionel Messi is one of the best strikers in the world. He has scored the most goals ever for Barcelona. 里奥·梅西是世界上最杰出的前锋之一，他是巴塞罗那进球最多的球员。 93. When Mike tried to tackle the other player, he pushed him and he was given a yellow card and a warning. 当迈克试图铲球的时候，他用手推了对方球员一把，结果得到了黄牌警告。 94. Because all of the teams in the Premier League are really strong, the goal difference is usually small. 因为在甲级联赛中，所有队伍都很有实力，净胜球差异很小。 95. At what age will I be able to withstand what now hurts me so easily, makes me disheartened and anxious? 到了多少岁之后，我才能变得不会轻易地被某些东西伤害，沮丧，彷徨失措呢。 96. Europe, with its four distinct seasons, is the most suitable environment for the human race to live in. 欧洲的四季分明，是最适合人类居住的环境。 97. This science fiction story seems interesting. Will you lend it to me when you have finished reading it? 这个科幻故事似乎很有趣。你看完的时候能不能借给我？ 98. Tom wanted to be able to read the original Quran and solely for that reason he started learning Arabic. 汤姆是为了能够看懂古兰经的原文才去开始学习阿拉伯语的。 99. If you'd listen a little more carefully to what the teacher says, you'd probably be able to understand. 假如你在老师讲课的时候再集中一点去听讲的话，你应该就能弄明白了。 100. The official languages of the United Nations are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. 联合国的正式语言是阿拉伯文，中文，英文，法文，俄文，和西班牙文。

听前提示 一、三遍英文，一遍中文，再一遍英文。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.polite 礼貌 2.Siberian 西伯利亚 3.cheating 作弊 原文 91. To know a language is one thing, and to teach it is another. 会一门语言是一回事，教一门语言是另一回事。 92. On arriving at the station, I called a friend of mine. 一到车站，我就给一个朋友打了电话。 93. Whichever way you may take, you can get to the station in about ten minutes. 不管你走哪条路，都可以在十分钟内到达车站。 94. Please pick me up by car in front of the hotel. 请开车到酒店前面来接我。 95. Working part-time at a supermarket, I found that some customers were polite whereas others weren't. 我在一家超市做兼职，发现有些顾客很有礼貌，而有些则不然。 96. I want to study abroad, even if my parents are against it. 尽管父母反对，我也想出国留学。 97. The Siberian Railway is at once the longest and best-known railway in the world. 西伯利亚是世界上最长、最著名的铁路。 98. Once you've got into a bad habit, it can be difficult to get out of it. 一旦你养成了坏习惯，就很难改掉。 99. I may as well go out than stay at home. 我宁愿出去也不愿呆在家里。 100. The teacher had her eye on me because she thought I was cheating. 老师盯着我，因为她认为我在作弊。

词汇提示 1.pamphlets 手册 2.circulated 流通 3.dispatch 电讯 4.illustration 插图 5.pioneer 先驱 6.sensational 轰动的 7.imitated 模仿 8.gossip 八卦 9.horoscope 星座 原文 Newspapers All the great cities in the world now have newspapers. But newspapers, as we know them today, are not that old. The very first newspapers began long after the invention of printing. They started in Europe in the 1600s, and were usually only a couple of pages long. For a long time, newspapers were not very common. Governments didn't want public discussion of their policies and decisions. Often they closed down papers, or taxed them heavily. The "Stamp Tax" on newspapers and pamphlets was one of the causes of the American Revolution. Newspapers began to grow in size when they discovered advertising as a source of income. Nowadays, advertising is the main revenue source for most newspapers. As newspapers became more widely circulated, they could ask for more money for their advertisements. By the late eighteenth century, newspapers were in common use in Europe. The 1800s and early 1900s was the golden age of newspapers. Improvements in transportation, communication and printing processes made it easier to collect news from near and far and to publish papers more quickly and more cheaply. The Weekly Dispatch and the Times, both of London, England, were leading newspapers through much of the 1800s. The Times was one of the first papers to include illustrations. It was the first newspaper to use a steam engine to turn the presses. When the tax on newspapers was reduced in 1836, the Times was able to increase its size considerably. In 1840, it began to use the telegraph to collect news stories. In 1855 the tax on newspapers was finally lifted. The Times made its greatest reputation during the Crimean War between Britain and Russia. British armies, fighting in Russia's Crimean Peninsula, were not only unsuccessful in the war, but were suffering severely from illnesses. The Times sent out the world's first war correspondent, William Howard Russell, in 1854. His reports from the battle lines had a powerful effect on the British public. A War Fund was organized to help the soldiers Russell forced the government to accept the offer of Florence Nightingale to organize nurses to travel to Crimea. A photographer, Roger Fenton, sent back photos from the war, which were published in the Times. Meanwhile in America, a more popular approach to newspapers had developed. The newspaper had spread west with the pioneers, and nearly every little settlement had its own paper. American newspapers were cheaper and livelier than British ones. They were aimed at the average person, rather than the governing class. Examples of the new style of editing and publishing were Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst. Hearst, especially, employed sensational and emotional writing, which aimed at stirring up the public to action. Hearst is sometimes accused of starting the Spanish-American War of 1898 with his over-heated editorials. Nonetheless, his methods were successful in raising circulation and were widely imitated. The modern newspaper contains more than hard news. In fact, news may be a fairly small part of it. Advertisements, gossip, show business, photos of celebrities, sports, stock market prices,horoscopes, comic strips, weather reports and much more are found in its pages. The modern newspaper is a total entertainment package. A question for the future is whether electronic newspapers will replace paper newspapers. 翻译 报纸 世界上所有的大城市现在都有报纸。 但报纸，正如我们今天所知，并没有那么古老。 最早的报纸是在印刷术发明很久之后开始的。 它们始于17世纪的欧洲，通常只有几页长。 在很长一段时间里，报纸并不常见。 政府不希望公众讨论他们的政策和决定。 他们经常关闭报纸，或对其征收重税。 报纸和小册子上的“印花税”是美国革命的原因之一。 当报纸发现广告是一种收入来源时，它们的规模开始扩大。 如今，广告是大多数报纸的主要收入来源。 随着报纸的传播越来越广泛，他们可以为广告索要更多的钱。 到了十八世纪末，报纸在欧洲已普遍使用。 19世纪和20世纪初是报纸的黄金时代。 运输、通信和印刷流程的改进使从远近收集新闻变得更加容易，并以更快、更低廉的价格发表论文。 英国伦敦的《周报》和《泰晤士报》在19世纪的大部分时间里都是领先的报纸。 《泰晤士报》是最早刊登插图的报纸之一。 这是第一家使用蒸汽机转动印刷机的报纸。 1836年，当报纸税降低时，《泰晤士报》得以大幅扩大其规模。 1840年，它开始使用电报收集新闻报道。 1855年，报纸税终于取消了。 《泰晤士报》在英国和俄罗斯之间的克里米亚战争中享有盛誉。 在俄罗斯克里米亚半岛作战的英国军队不仅在战争中失败，而且还患有严重的疾病。 1854年，《泰晤士报》派出了世界第一任战地记者威廉·霍华德·罗素。 他在前线的报道对英国公众产生了巨大的影响。 一个战争基金被组织了来帮助士兵 拉塞尔迫使政府接受弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔组织护士前往克里米亚的提议。 摄影师罗杰·芬顿（RogerFenton）发回了《泰晤士报》上刊登的战争照片。 与此同时，在美国，一种更受欢迎的报业方式已经形成。 报纸随着拓荒者向西传播，几乎每个小定居点都有自己的报纸。 美国报纸比英国报纸更便宜、更生动。 他们的目标是普通人，而不是统治阶级。 约瑟夫·普利策（JosephPulitzer）和威廉·伦道夫·赫斯特（WilliamRandolphHearst）就是这种新编辑出版风格的例子。 赫斯特尤其采用了耸人听闻和情绪化的写作，旨在激起公众的行动。 赫斯特有时被指控以其过于激烈的社论发动1898年的美西战争。 尽管如此，他的方法成功地提高了发行量，并被广泛模仿。 现代报纸包含的不仅仅是硬新闻。 事实上，新闻可能只是其中相当小的一部分。 广告、八卦、演艺事业、名人照片、体育、股市价格、星座、连环漫画、天气预报等等都可以在其页面上找到。 现代报纸是一个完全的娱乐包。 未来的问题是电子报纸是否会取代纸质报纸。 文稿及音频 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”

提示 1.每期为一篇听力题，每篇裁剪为若干片段，每个片段重复四遍。 2.可以前两遍盲听理解，后两遍根据文字内容精听。 3.根据中英文意思，听不懂的地方多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.dissertation 论文 2.aesthetics 美学 3.adhere 遵守 4.assigned 指定的 5.philosopher 哲学家 6.biography 传记 7.parameters 参数 8.cumulative 积累的 9.manifest 表现出来 原文 2018.12六级第一套 Conversation Two Hi professor. I was hoping I could have a moment of your time if you're not too busy. 教授，如果您不是太忙，我希望占用一点您的时间。 I'm having some problems getting started on my dissertation and I was hoping you could give me some advice on how to begin. 我在开始学位论文时遇到了一些问题，我希望你能就如何开始给我一些建议。 Sure. I have quite a few students though. So can you remind me what your topic is? 当然可以。不过我有过不少学生。那你能否告诉我下你的主题是什么？ The general topic I chose is aesthetics, but that's as far as I've got, I don't really know where to go from there. 我选择的大方向是美学，但就我所知，我真的不知道往哪里写。 Yeah, that's much too large a topic. You really need to narrow it down in order to make it more accessible. Otherwise you'll be writing a book. 是的，这个话题太大了。为了更容易完成，你真的需要缩小范围。否则你就是在写一本书。 Exactly. That's what I wanted to ask you about. I was hoping it would be possible for me to change topics. I'm really more interested in nature than beauty. 确实。这就是我想问你的问题。我希望我能够换个话题。我真的对大自然的兴趣要比美学大。 I'm afraid you have to adhere to the assigned topic. Still, If you're interested in nature, then that certainly can be worked into your dissertation. 恐怕你必须遵守指定的主题。而且，如果你对大自然感兴趣，那么这肯定可以写进你的论文。 We've talked about Hume before in class right. Oh yeah, he's the philosopher who wrote about where our ideas of beauty come from. 我们在课前谈到过休谟。 哦，是的，他是哲学家，他写过我们关于美的想法来自于哪里。 Exactly. I suggest you go to the library and get a copy of his biography. Start from there. But remember to stick to the parameters of the assignment. 完全正确。我建议你去图书馆看一本他的传记。从那里出发，不过要记得遵照作业要求来写。 This paper is a large part of your cumulative grade. So make sure to follow the instructions. 这篇论文占你总成绩的比重很大。所以，确保遵循说明。 If you take a look at his biography, You can get a good idea of how his life experiences manifest themselves in his theories of beauty. 如果你看看他的传记，你可以很好地了解他的生活经历如何在他的美学理论中表现出来。 Specifically the way he looked towards nature as the origin of what we find beautiful. 特别是他把自然看作是我们发现美丽的起源的方式。 Great. Thanks for taking the time to answer my questions, Professor. I'll let you get back to class now. If there's anything else you need, please come see me in my office any time. 太好了。教授，感谢您抽出宝贵时间回答我的问题。我就不打扰您上课了。 如果你还需要其他任何东西，请随时来我办公室找我。 问题： 5:What is the man's problem? A) He is too busy to finish his assignment in time. B) He does not know what kind of topic to write on. C) He does not understand the professor's instructions. D) He has no idea how to proceed with his dissertation. 6:what does the professor think of the man's topic? A) It is too broad. B) It is a bit outdated. C) It is challenging. D) It is interesting. 7: What's the man really more interested in? A) Biography. B) Nature. C) Philosophy. 8: What does the professor say the man has to do? A) Improve his cumulative grade. B) Develop his reading ability. C) Stick to the topic assigned. D) List the parameters first.

提示 一、十个句子每个句子念两遍，念完后从头再念两遍。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.have a bone to pick 挑毛病 2.essence 本质 3.carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 4.fuel 燃料 5.plum 李 6.blossoms 花 原文 81. If you have a bone to pick with a person, tell it to his face instead of saying things behind his back. 如果你们之间有问题，应该当面告诉他，不要在背后说他。 82. The amount of time someone is willing to spend on something may communicate how important it is to him. 从一个人在某件事上肯花多少时间，就能看出这件事对这个人有多重要。 83. That 'Ayumi' kid, only 13 but has performed in movies and theatres as a child actor since she was five. 那个叫做Ayumi的孩子，你别看她才十三岁，她五岁的时候就成了童星，在电影和舞台剧中演出了。 84. People who want to share their religious views with you almost never want you to share yours with them. 想要跟你分享他们宗教信仰的人几乎从不愿你跟他们分享你的。 85. Time is of the essence, Paul. If you don't tell her how you feel now, you'll never have another chance. 时间就是生命，保罗。如果你不告诉她你现在的感觉，你永远不会有第二次机会。 86. Carbon dioxide is a gas that is produced every time a fuel such as coal, oil, or natural gas is burned. 二氧化碳是燃烧煤、石油或天然气这样的燃料时会产生的气体。 87. In fact, love is the only genuinely precious thing in life; it's also the only thing worthy of pursuit. 其实爱情是人生唯一的、真正珍贵的；也是唯一的、真正值得追求的东西。 88. Country girls like to cut red paper into peach and plum blossoms and paste them onto doors and windows. 农村的女孩喜欢把红色的纸裁减成桃和李的花及贴在门窗上。 89. This is an example of confusing two things that have a common cause with one thing that causes another. 这显然是将属并列关系的两件事误解成为因果关系了。 90. Since all tasks have been completed without delay, we are ready to start the next phase of development. 既然所有的任务都按时完成了，我们已经准备好开始下一阶段的开发了。

听前提示 一、三遍英文，一遍中文，再一遍英文。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.to the tune of 达到...之多 2.with regard to 关于 3.at the sight of 看见...时 4.malicious 恶毒 5.gossip 谣言 原文 81. I had to pay the bill to the tune of ten dollars. 我不得不付了十美元的账单。 82. If it's not too much trouble, I would like some help. 如果不太麻烦的话，我想请你帮个忙。 83. I must keep a secret with regard to the fact. 关于这一事实，我必须保守秘密。 84. Feeling the house shake, I ran out into the yard at the back of the house. 感觉到房子在摇晃，我跑到房子后面的院子里。 85. Should he be given another chance, he would do his best. 如果再给他一次机会，他会尽最大努力。 86. You have to study hard to catch up with your class. 你必须努力学习才能赶上班里的其他人。 87. The girl began to cry at the sight of a dog. 那女孩一看见狗就哭了起来。 88. Malicious gossip spreads like wildfire. I guess that's why they say bad news travels fast. 恶意的流言蜚语如野火般蔓延。我想这就是为什么他们说坏事传千里。 89. One sunny day in April, I went out for a walk. 四月里的一天，天气晴朗，我出去散步。 90. It will be done a week from today, that is, on May 3. 从今天起一个星期，也就是5月3日，能够完成。

词汇提示 1.forts 要塞 2.rows 一行 3.vine 葡萄藤 4.mild 暖和的 5.humid 湿润的 6.flourish 茂盛的 7.shrubs 乔木 8.perfume 香气 9.enthusiasts 爱好者 10.marina 码头 11.wagon 马车 12.hectic 忙碌 原文 Niagara-on-the-Lake Niagara-on-the-Lake is a little town at the mouth of the Niagara River. It is only twelve miles north of Niagara Falls. It used to be true that very few tourists would bother to travel from the Falls down to Niagara-on-the-Lake. Nowadays, however, the little town itself is a major tourist attraction. The town has a remarkable history. The area played an important role in both the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. As a result, the little town has two forts, Fort George and Fort Mississauga. When Fort George was reconstructed for the public in the 1930s, Niagara-on-the-Lake got its first big tourist attraction. Because Niagara-on-the-Lake was the first capital of Ontario, it has many significant "firsts." There was the first parliament in the province, the first legal society, the first library, the first newspaper, the first museum building, and many more "firsts." Besides its history, the town, which is bordered by Lake Ontario and the Niagara River, has beautiful scenery. On a summer's day, visitors can watch the sailboats going out the river to the lake. On the landside, Niagara is part of the fruit belt of Ontario. Peaches, pears, apples, cherries and strawberries grow here in abundance. There are also long rows of vines, and winemaking has recently become a major industry. The mild humid climate allows plants to flourish. The trees, especially the oaks, grow to remarkable heights. Flowering trees and shrubs perfume the air in the spring. Gardens are often spectacular for much of the year. Because of this, Niagara-on-the-Lake attracts many painters and photographers. Many of the private homes also have a long history, and great care is taken to keep them looking their best. The biggest single attraction is the Shaw Festival Theatre. The Festival was founded in 1962 by a group of Shaw enthusiasts. Early productions were often held in the historic Court House on the main street, and plays still take place there. In 1973, however, a new 861 seat Shaw Theatre was built at the south end of town. Since then, traffic to Niagara- on-the-Lake has been steady all through the long summer season. In 1996, Niagara-on-the-Lake was voted "the prettiest town in Canada. Partly, it is the scale of things that makes the old town so attractive. The old town is only about eight blocks long by eight blocks wide. It has a population of little more than 1,000 people. Nonetheless, there is a lot for people to do and see. There are many interesting shops, old hotels, bookstores, art galleries, museums, a golf course, a marina, historic churches and cemeteries, several parks, three theatres and lots of restaurants. Because it is small, Niagara-on-the-Lake is a good place to walk around or bicycle around. There are also horse and wagon rides. Although the main street can be hectic in tourist season,one doesn't have to go far off the main street to get in touch with an older slower time. Most of the downtown buildings haven't changed much since the days of Queen Victoria,and tourists can still imagine that they are back in the days before computers and television. 翻译 湖上的尼亚加拉 湖上的尼亚加拉是尼亚加拉河口的一个小镇。 它离尼亚加拉大瀑布以北只有十二英里。 过去确实很少有游客愿意从瀑布到尼亚加拉湖。 然而，如今，这个小镇本身就是一个主要的旅游景点。 这个城镇有着非凡的历史。 该地区在美国独立战争和1812年战争中都发挥了重要作用。 因此，这个小镇有两座堡垒，乔治堡和米西索加堡。 20世纪30年代，乔治堡为公众重建时，湖边的尼亚加拉成为第一个大型旅游景点。 因为湖边的尼亚加拉是安大略省的首府，所以它有许多重要的“第一” 该省有第一个议会、第一个法律协会、第一个图书馆、第一份报纸、第一座博物馆大楼，还有更多的“第一” 除了历史之外，这个与安大略湖和尼亚加拉河接壤的小镇风景秀丽。 在夏天的一天，游客们可以看到帆船从河中驶向湖边。 在陆地上，尼亚加拉是安大略省水果带的一部分。 这里盛产桃子、梨、苹果、樱桃和草莓。 这里还有长长的葡萄藤，酿酒业最近已成为一个主要行业。 温和潮湿的气候使植物生长旺盛。 树木，尤其是橡树，长得很高。 开花的树木和灌木在春天的空气中散发出芬芳。 一年中的大部分时间里，花园都很壮观。 正因为如此，湖上的尼亚加拉吸引了许多画家和摄影师。 许多私人住宅也有着悠久的历史，我们非常小心地让它们保持最佳状态。 最大的单一景点是肖氏节日剧院。 这个节日是由一群萧伯纳迷于1962年创立的。 早期的演出通常在大街上的历史悠久的法院举行，戏剧仍在那里上演。 然而，1973年，一座拥有861个座位的新肖剧院在小镇南端建成。 从那时起，尼亚加拉湖的交通在漫长的夏季一直保持稳定。 1996年，尼亚加拉湖被评为“加拿大最美丽的城镇”。 在一定程度上，正是事物的规模使这座古城如此吸引人。 这座古城只有八个街区长，八个街区宽。 它的人口略多于1000人。 尽管如此，人们仍有很多事情要做和看。 这里有许多有趣的商店、老旅馆、书店、美术馆、博物馆、高尔夫球场、码头、历史悠久的教堂和墓地、几个公园、三个剧院和许多餐馆。 因为尼亚加拉湖很小，所以它是一个散步或骑自行车的好地方。 还有骑马和马车。 虽然在旅游旺季，主街可能会很繁忙，但人们不必离开主街太远，就可以接触到较旧的较慢时间。 自维多利亚女王时代以来，市中心的大多数建筑都没有太大变化，游客仍然可以想象他们回到了电脑和电视之前的时代。 文稿及音频 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”