节目列表: 谁也不能阻挡我每天念英文！！ - EarsOnMe | 发现和收听来自小宇宙的热门播客

8 Best Fruit and Veggie Skins to Eat (Part 1)

1. Tomato skin "Tomato skins are rich in the antioxidant lycopene, which helps boost collagen and protect against sun damage, leaving skin more smooth and youthful," said Wan Na Chun, a registered dietitian. 注册营养师万娜春指出，番茄皮富含抗氧化剂番茄红素，有助于补充胶原蛋白，保护皮肤免受阳光伤害，使皮肤更加光滑年轻。” Tomato skin has 2.5 times more lycopene than the pulp. When it comes to micronutrients, the skin also offers plenty, including zinc, manganese, and copper. 番茄皮中的番茄红素含量是果肉的2.5倍。番茄皮所含的锌、锰、铜等微量营养素也很丰富。 2. Kiwi skin "I love eating the whole kiwi fruit, including the fuzzy skin, as it doubles the amount of fiber and provides extradoses of essential nutrients like vitamin E, C, and polyphenols," said Michelle Routhenstein, a preventive cardiology dietitian. 预防心脏病学营养师卢森斯坦表示：“我喜欢连皮吃猕猴桃，因为猕猴桃皮所含纤维是果肉的两倍，而且可以提供维生素E、维生素C和多酚类等重要营养物质。” A 2020 study found that eating the skin of the kiwi appeared to result in lower inflammation and beneficial effects on gastrointestinal health. 2020年的一项研究发现，吃猕猴桃皮似乎可以减轻炎症，改善肠胃健康。 3. Citrus peel Eating citrus peels is considered a nutritious choice because they contain high concentrations of fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants. The peel packs more fiber than the fruit inside, which helps with digestion and promotes gut health. 吃柑橘皮被认为是一种营养丰富的选择，因为它们含有高浓度的纤维、维生素和抗氧化剂。柑橘皮所含的纤维比果肉多，有助于消化并能促进肠道健康。 Additionally, citrus peels are rich in vitamin C and various bioflavonoids, which have anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting properties. Citrus peels also possess antioxidants that help fight free radicals, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and boost skin health. 此外，柑橘皮富含维生素C和各种生物类黄酮，具有抗炎和增强免疫力的特性。柑橘皮还含有抗氧化剂，有助于对抗自由基，降低患慢性疾病的风险，并改善皮肤健康。 4. Potato skin "Potato skins are another nutritional powerhouse, containing higher levels of vitamin C, potassium, folate, magnesium, and phosphorus compared to the peeled potato," said Chrissy Arsenault, a registered dietitian. "They also provide additional fiber, contributing to gut health and satiety." 注册营养师克里斯·阿森诺介绍：“土豆皮也是营养宝库，它含有比去皮土豆更高水平的维生素C、钾、叶酸、镁和磷。土豆皮所含的纤维素也更多，有助于肠道健康和增加饱腹感。” Potato peels also contain many biofunctional compounds. A 2019 study showed that potato peel extract stimulated the synthesis of type I collagen, an effect that may have anti-aging benefits. 土豆皮还含有许多生物活性成分。2019年的一项研究表明，土豆皮提取物刺激了I型胶原蛋白的合成，可能具有抗衰老的功效。

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7个月前

Cyberbullying: One in Six Teenagers Report Harassment Online

Nearly one in six adolescents have experienced cyberbullying, an international study has found. 一项国际研究发现，近六分之一青少年遭遇过网络欺凌。 More school-aged children have reported being cyberbullied than before the pandemic, according to the report by the World Health Organization (WHO). 世界卫生组织发布的报告显示，相比疫情前，报告称遭受网络欺凌的学龄儿童人数增多了。 The study surveyed more than 279,000 young people from 44 countries and regions. 研究调查了44个国家和地区超27.9万名青少年。 In Wales, where nearly 37,000 young people were surveyed, 17% reported experiencing cyberbullying. 在威尔士，受访的近3.7万名青少年中有17%报告称正在遭受网络欺凌。 The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey suggests the proportion of adolescents who reported being cyberbullied has increased since 2018, from 12% to 15% for boys and 13% to 16%for girls. 学龄儿童健康行为的这一调查显示，遭受网络欺凌的青少年比例自2018年以来有所上升，男孩遭受网络欺凌的比例从12%上升到15%，女孩遭受网络欺凌的比例从13%上升到16%。 In England, where more than 4,200 young people were surveyed, nearly one in five (19%) reported being cyberbullied at least once or twice in the past couple of months, and 11%reported cyberbullying others. 在英格兰，超4200名受访青少年中有近五分之一（19%）报告称过去两个月遭遇过至少一次或两次网络欺凌，11%报告称对他人实施过网络欺凌。 In Scotland, where more than 4,300 young people were surveyed, 18% said they had experienced cyberbullying and 11% reported cyberbullying others. 苏格兰受访的超4300名青少年中，有18%表示自己遭遇过网络欺凌，11%报告称自己对他人实施过网络欺凌。 The report said there was an "urgent need" to educate young people, families and schools of the forms of cyberbullying and its implications. 报告指出，目前“迫切需要”对青少年及其家庭和学校针对网络欺凌的形式和影响进行教育。 Dr Hans Henri P. Kluge, WHO regional director for Europe, said, "Focusing on virtual types of peer violence is now an urgent priority to safeguard the health and wellbeing of populations of adolescents and young people, and cyberbullying must be viewed as a major issue for societies. 世界卫生组织欧洲区负责人汉斯·亨利·P·克鲁格博士表示：“为了保护年轻人群体的身心健康，现在迫切需要关注同龄人之间的网络暴力行为，网络欺凌必须被视为重要的社会问题。” "With young people spending up to six hours online every single day, even small changes in the rates of bullying and violence can have profound implications for the health and wellbeing of thousands. “现在年轻人每天上网时间可多达6小时，网络欺凌和暴力发生率的微小变化都可能对数万名年轻人的身心健康产生深远影响。” "This is both a health and a human rights issue, and we must step up to protect our children from violence and harm, both offline and online." “这既是健康问题，也是人权问题。我们必须站出来保护我们的孩子们免于遭受暴力和伤害，无论是线上还是线下。”

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7个月前

Sad Songs Could Ease Your Pain

There is no doubt that music can soothe the soul for some, and it turns out that it could also be a temporary soother for physical pain. 毫无疑问，音乐可以安抚某些人的灵魂，但事实证明，音乐也可以暂时缓解身体的疼痛。 Listening to favorite songs could reduce people’s perception of pain, according to a new study published in the journal Frontiers in Pain Research. And the most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet and emotional experiences. 发表在《疼痛研究前沿》期刊上的一项新研究称，听喜爱的音乐能够降低人们的疼痛感。研究发现，缓解疼痛最有效的是讲述苦乐参半的感性经历的悲伤歌曲。 The small study invited 63 young adults to bring two of their favorite songs, and the only requirement was that they needed to be at least 3 minutes and 20 seconds long. One selection represented their favorite music of all time, and the other was the song they would bring with them on a desert island. The researchers also had the young adults pick one of seven songs that the team considered relaxing and were unfamiliar to the study participants. 这项小型研究邀请了63名年轻成人各选两首自己最喜爱的歌曲，唯一的要求是歌曲必须至少长达3分钟20秒。其中一首歌是他们一直以来最爱听的歌曲，另一首歌是他们会带到荒岛上听的歌曲。研究人员还让这些年轻人从7首歌中挑出一首歌曲，这7首歌是研究团队认为能让人放松而且参与者不熟悉的歌曲。 Each person underwent 7-minute blocks where they were instructed to stare at a monitor screen while listening to their favorite music, one of the seven relaxing instrumental songs(each of which lasted for 6 minutes and 40 seconds), or a scrambled version of both songs and the relaxing song chosen. The scrambled music was a noisy jumble of all three songs, cut into fragments and randomly shuffled so that they lacked their original structure. One 7-minute block had people sitting in silence. All the while, the researchers stuck a hot object — similar to the pain of a boiling hot teacup on your skin — to the participants' left inner forearms. 研究人员让每个人在7分钟时间内一边盯着监控屏幕，一边听自己最喜爱的歌曲，或7首舒缓的器乐曲中的一首（每首曲子长6分钟40秒），或他们喜爱的两首歌曲和研究人员选的舒缓乐曲剪切成小段后打乱顺序随机混合成的版本。混合版本已经完全听不出原歌的曲调。还有一个对照组是安静地坐着度过7分钟的。与此同时，研究人员将一个灼热的物体放在参与者的左前臂内侧，痛感相当于用一个滚烫的茶杯接触皮肤。 When rating their experiences, people were more likely to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing the unfamiliar relaxing song or silence. The scrambled songs did not reduce pain either, which the authors suggested was evidence of music being more than a distraction from an unpleasant experience. 在给自己的体验评级时，相比那些听自己不熟悉的舒缓歌曲或没有听歌的人，听自己喜爱的歌曲的人报告的痛感更低。听混合歌曲也不能降低痛感，研究作者指出，这一证据说明音乐起到的作用不仅仅是分散人们对不愉快体验的注意力。 After interviewing the participants about the song they brought and their rating of pain, the researchers found people who listened to bittersweet and moving songs felt less pain than when they listened to songs with calming or cheerful themes. 研究人员通过访谈了解参与者带来的歌曲以及他们的痛感评级后发现，听苦乐参半、打动人心的歌曲的参与者比那些听舒缓或欢快歌曲的人感受到的疼痛更少。 People who listened to bittersweet songs also reported more chills — the thrill and shivers you get on your skin from listening to pleasurable music. This sensation was associated with lower ratings of unpleasantness elicited by the burning pain they felt in the experiment. 听苦乐参半歌曲的人也报告称自己会有一种凉丝丝的颤栗感，那种听到悦耳歌曲时皮肤上会起疙瘩的感觉。这种感受和他们在实验中对灼痛感的评级更低有关。 "When people are listening to music they enjoy, by our measurements, it can reduce the pain that we're feeling by 10%," said Patrick Stroman, a professor of biomedical and molecular sciences at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario. 加拿大安大略省金斯顿市皇后大学生物医学和分子科学系教授帕特里克·斯特罗曼指出：“根据我们的测量，人们听喜欢的音乐可以将痛感降低10%。”

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7个月前

Anger Can Lead to Better Results When Tackling Tricky Tasks

The experiments suggest people who are angry perform better on a set of challenging tasks than those who are emotionally neutral. 一项实验表明，与平静的人相比，愤怒的人在一系列具有挑战性的任务中表现更好。 "These findings demonstrate that anger increases effort toward attaining a desired goal, frequently resulting in greater success," said Dr Heather Lench, the first author of the study. 该研究论文的第一作者希瑟·连奇博士说：“这些发现表明，愤怒让人更努力实现预期目标，从而获得更大成功。” The study, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, details how researchers at Texas A&M University conducted experiments involving more than 1,000 people, and analysed survey data from more than 1,400 people, to explore the possible impact of anger on people in various circumstances. 这项研究发表在《个性与社会心理学杂志》上。得克萨斯农工大学的研究人员对1000多人进行测试，并分析了1400多人的调查数据，以探索愤怒在各种情况下对人的潜在影响。 In one experiment, students were shown images previously found to elicit anger, desire, amusement, sadness or no particular emotion at all. Participants were subsequently asked to solve a series of anagrams. 实验中，研究人员向参与学生展示了会引发愤怒、欲望、愉快、悲伤或不会引起情绪波动的图像。随后参与者需要解字谜。 The results reveal that fora challenging set of anagrams, those who were angry did better than those inthe other possible emotional states – although no difference was seen for easy anagrams. 研究结果表明，愤怒的参与者在解答高难度字谜上的表现比处于其他情绪的人更好，但在解答简单字谜上没有差异。 The researchers say one explanation could be down to a link between anger and greater persistence, with the team finding those who were angry spent more time on the difficult set of anagrams. 研究人员表示，一种解释可能是愤怒和更持久的毅力有关，研究小组发现，那些愤怒的人花了更多的时间去解开高难度的字谜。 In another experiment, participants who were angry did better at dodging flags in a skiing video game than those who were neutral or sad, and were on a par with those who felt amusement or desire. 在另一项实验中，愤怒的参与者比平静或悲伤的参与者更善于在滑雪电子游戏中躲避旗帜，并且与快乐或兴奋的参与者不相上下。 "This pattern could indicate that general physical arousal had a benefit for game scores, as this would be greater in anger, amused, and desire conditions compared to the sad and neutral conditions," the researchers write. However, no such differences in performance was found when it came to an easier video game. 研究人员写道：“这种模式可能表明，身体进入兴奋状态可以帮助提高得分，而与悲伤和平静的情绪相比，在愤怒、快乐、渴望的情绪下身体更亢奋。”然而，在更简单的电子游戏中，并没有发现这种表现差异。 One experiment suggested being angry increased the degree to which participants cheated on tasks compared with the other emotions – except amusement – while another experiment found anger was associated with lower reaction times on a task. 一项实验表明，与除愉快之外的其他情绪相比，愤怒的参与者更容易作弊，而另一项实验发现，愤怒的参与者对任务反应时间更短。 In addition, responses to surveys around the 2016 and 2020 US general elections suggested people who were more angry about a hypothetical win for a presidential candidate they did not support were more likely to vote in the subsequent election. 此外，与2016年和2020年美国大选前后调查相呼应的是，那些会对自己支持的总统候选人败选感到更愤怒的选民，更有可能在随后的选举中投票。 "People often prefer to use positive emotions as tools more than negative and tend to see negative emotions as undesirable and maladaptive," Lench said. "Our research adds to the growing evidence that a mix of positive and negative emotions promotes wellbeing, and that using negative emotions as tools can be particularly effective in some situations." 连奇说：“人们往往更喜欢将积极情绪化作动力，并倾向于将消极情绪视为不受欢迎的不良情绪。但越来越多的证据表明，积极情绪和消极情绪共存会促进幸福感，在某些情况下，消极情绪可能发挥有效作用。”

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7个月前

Why Are American Elections Held on Tuesdays?

Ever wonder why Americans always vote in federal elections (and many state, and local elections) on Tuesdays? There are a few reasons—including a little something to do with the horse and buggy. 你是否曾好奇过为什么美国的大选（还有很多州和地方的选举）总是在星期二举行？这里有几个原因，还有一个原因和马车有点关系。 Between 1788 and 1845,states decided their own voting dates. In 2012, Senate historian Don Ritchie told NPR that strategy resulted in chaos, a "crazy quilt of elections" held all across the country at different times to pick the electors—the white, male property owners who would cast their votes for president on the first Wednesday of December. 1788年至1845年间，美国各州自行决定自己的选举日。2012年，参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇告诉美国国家公共电台，这一策略导致了混乱，美国各地选出选举人的时间不同，选举活动就像“用一条碎布缝成的被单一样”。那时的选举人都是拥有不动产的白人男性，他们将在12月的第一个星期三投票选举总统。 In 1792, a law was passed mandating that state elections be held within a 34-day period before that day, so most elections took place in November. (Society was mostly agrarian; in November, the harvest was finished but winter hadn’t yet hit, making it the perfect time to vote.) 1792年美国通过了一条法律，规定州选举必须在12月第一个星期三之前的34天内举行，因此大部分州选举都在11月举行。（当时美国社会以农耕为主，11月秋收已经结束但冬天还未到来，正好适合开展选举活动。） The glacial pace of presidential elections wasn't a huge issue in the late 18th and early 19th centuries—communication was slow, so results took weeks to announce anyway—but with the advent of the railroad and telegraph, Congress decided it was time to standardize a date. 在18世纪末和19世纪初，大选进展缓慢不是什么大问题，因为那时的通讯很慢，大选结果出来了也要过上几周才能通知到各方，但是在铁路和电报面世后，美国国会决定是时候统一选举日了。 Monday was out, because it would require people to travel to the polls by buggy on the Sunday Sabbath. Wednesday was also not an option, because it was market day, and farmers wouldn't be able to make it to the polls. So it was decided that Tuesday would be the day that Americans would vote in elections, and in 1845, Congress passed a law that presidential elections would be held on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November. 星期一被排除了，因为这样人们可能得在安息日乘坐马车赶往投票处。星期三也不行，因为星期三是赶集日，农民无法在这天去投票。因此就决定让美国民众在星期二这天进行大选投票。1845年，美国国会通过了一项法律，规定11月第一个星期一后的星期二为总统大选日。

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7个月前

Why and How to Cut down Our Screen Time

More than a quarter of the respondents have to enlarge the font size on their mobile phones so they can read it clearly and half confess they're forced to zoom in on images to see them clearly. Meanwhile, 28% regularly squint at the screen – all of which are tell-tale signs of presbyopia. 超过四分之一的受访者表示，必须放大手机字体大小才能看清楚，一半受访者表示不得不放大图像才能看清楚。28%的受访者经常斜视屏幕——以上表现都是老花眼的明显特征。 "Our eyes are not designed to be fixed on a single object for a long period of time, especially smaller format laptops, tablets or smart devices. They may feel uncomfortable, sore, tired and even start to itch or burn. In rare cases, dry eyes syndrome can lead to more serious eye issues," says Giles Edmonds, clinical services director at Specsavers. Specsavers临床服务总监吉尔斯·埃德蒙兹表示：“我们的眼睛并不适合长时间盯着某个物体，尤其是较小尺寸的笔记本电脑、平板电脑或智能设备。这可能引起眼睛不适、疼痛、疲劳，甚至发痒或灼痛。极端情况下，干眼症会导致更严重的眼部问题。” Dry eye syndrome is a condition where the eyes do not make enough tears, or the tears evaporate too quickly. If appropriate measures aren't taken, this may lead to conjunctivitis or inflammation of the cornea. 干眼症的表现为眼睛无法分泌足够的眼泪，或者眼泪蒸发得太快。如果不采取适当的措施，可能会导致结膜炎或角膜炎。 The good news is that there are some simple solutions to prevent eye strain and irritation, and preserve your eye health overall. 好消息是，一些做法可以预防眼睛疲劳和炎症，保护眼睛健康。 1. Rest your eyes: Follow the 20 ：20 ：20 rule, looking up from your screen every 20 minutes and look at something 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. Looking into the distance helps relax the focusing muscles of your eyes, which in turn reduces eye fatigue. 让眼睛得到休息：遵循20 ： 20 ：20原则，每20分钟从屏幕上抬起头来，看着20英尺（约6米）外的东西至少20秒。眺望远方有助于放松眼睛的聚焦肌肉，从而缓解眼疲劳 2. Adjust your workstation: Change your screen settings to ensure that the brightness and contrast are balanced correctly, as well as making fonts larger. Also, be mindful of how your workstation is positioned. Adjust your screen so it is 15-20 degrees below eye level and around 50-70cmaway from the eyes and make sure your room is properly lit to avoid squinting. 改变工作环境：更改屏幕设置以确保亮度和对比度合适，并放大字体。此外，还要注意电脑的位置，调整屏幕，使其低于眼睛水平15-20度，距离眼睛50-70厘米左右，并确保房间光线充足，避免斜视 3. Reduce glare: Reflections on your computer screen can cause glare and lead to eye strain. Try reducing this by attaching an anti-glare screen to your monitor or laptop to avoid external light shining onto the screen. Glasses wearers can also have lenses treated with an anti-glare coating. 减少眩光：电脑屏幕上的反射会导致眩光并引起视觉疲劳。可以在显示器或笔记本电脑上安装防眩光屏幕来缓解这种情况，以免外部光线照射到屏幕上。佩戴眼镜的人也可以在镜片上涂上防眩光涂层

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7个月前

The Autumn Equinox

When the sunlight almost directly strikes the earth's equator, usually between September 22nd and September 24th each year, we usher in the Autumn Equinox, or Qiufen in Chinese, which is one of the 24 solar terms in China. 每年公历9月22至24日，太阳几乎直射地球赤道时，便是中国的二十四节气之一——秋分。 In traditional Chinese Solar Terms, autumn refers to the 90 days between Beginning of Autumn and Frost's Descent, and Qiufen is right in the middle of the 90days, making it the most autumn-like day of the year. 在中国的二十四节气中，从立秋到霜降的九十天，是传统意义上的秋天，而秋分正处在这九十天的中间，是一年中秋意最浓的时节。 In most parts of China, Autumn Equinox witnesses the days when the temperature drops, the rainy season ends, the cold breeze gently blows, and the sky becomes crystal clear. 秋分时节我国大部分地区，气温下降，雨季结束，凉风习习，天空常是万里无云。 Traditionally, Autumn Equinox marks the end of the autumn harvest and winter store and the start of spring plowing and summer weeding. 传统意义上，秋分既是秋收冬藏的终点，更是春耕夏种的起点。 After the end of the Autumn Equinox, the spot of the direct sunlight continues to move southward, and the northern hemisphere will have shorter daytime and longer nighttime. As a result, the temperature gets cooler, and the cold winter draws near. 秋分过后，太阳直射点继续由赤道向南半球推移，北半球白昼越来越短，黑夜越来越长。天气逐渐转凉，寒冬也慢慢降临。 In ancient China, which attached great importance to agriculture, Autumn Equinox had a high status in the 24 Solar Terms. Naturally, ancient Chinese also endowed it with many cultural meanings. 在重视农耕的古代中国，秋分被视为一个非常重要的节气。相应的，它也被赋予了很多文化内涵。 Autumn Equinox used to be the moon worshipping day. Ancient Chinese emperors had customs to worship the sun on Spring Equinox, the earth on Summer Solstice, the moon on Autumn Equinox, and the heaven on Winter Solstice. 秋分曾是传统的“祭月节”，古代帝王有春分祭日、夏至祭地、秋分祭月、冬至祭天的习俗。 The custom of worshipping the moon was later moved to the Mid-Autumn Festival when the moon was rounder. 祭月的习俗后来被挪到了月亮更圆的中秋节。 Since2018, China has celebrated the Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival on Autumn Equinox. 从2018年起，中国将每年的秋分设立为“中国农民丰收节”。 For a country with thousands of years of agricultural civilization, the festival expresses the Chinese people’s philosophy of following natural laws and their respect for thousands of years of farming civilization. 对于有着数千年农业文明的中国而言，这一节日的设立极具仪式感，体现了中国人顺应自然规律的理念和对数千年农耕文明深深的敬意。

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7个月前

Some Ultra-processed Foods Are Good for Your Health

Some ultra-processed foods increase the risk of developing cancer, heart disease and diabetes – but others are good for you, new research into the demonised foodstuffs suggests. 对被妖魔化的超加工食品的新研究显示，有些超加工食品会增加患癌症、心脏病和糖尿病的风险，但另外一些超加工食品却对人体健康有益。 A major new internationalstudy has found that regular consumption of meat products – such as sausages – and sugary drinks make itmore likely that someone will get those diseases. 一项新的大型国际研究发现，定期摄入香肠等肉制品和含糖饮料会让人更容易患上这些疾病。 But bread and cereals actually reduce someone's risk of them – because they contain fibre – despite also being ultra-processed foods (UPF), the same researchers also concluded, in findings published in The Lancet. 但是在这项发表在《柳叶刀》上的研究报告中，研究人员也得出结论称，面包和麦片尽管也是超加工食品，但实际上却能降低人们患上这些疾病的风险，因为它们含有纤维。 Similarly, sauces, spreads and condiments are also bad for human health, but not as much as animal products and soft drinks. 同样，沙拉、蘸酱和调料也对人体健康有害，但不像肉制品和软饮料的危害那么大。 However, several other major types of UPF previously seen as harmful: sweets and desserts, ready meals, savoury snacks and plant-based alternatives to meat products also got the all-clear. They are "not associated with risk of multimorbidity", said the authors. 其他几大类先前被认为有害的超加工食品：糖果、甜点、即食餐、零食和植物性肉类替代品也被解除了警报。研究作者表示，这些食品“与多重病症的风险没有关联”。 Experts said the findings showed that regarding all UPF products as bad for health is unwise and unwarranted. 专家指出，这些研究结果显示，认为所有超加工食品都有害健康是不明智的，也是没有根据的。 Like several other recent research projects, the new study did conclude that UPF harms human health and makes it more likely that someone who consumes a lot of it would suffer a potentially fatal event, such as a heart attack or stroke. However, it also gives a more detailed picture of exactly which UPF products do and do not heighten that risk. 和其他几个最近的研究项目一样，新研究也得出结论称，超加工食品对人体健康有害，摄入大量超加工食品会增加猝死风险，比如心脏病发作或中风。然而，新研究也更详细地指出哪些超加工食品会加重风险，哪些超加工食品不会。 The latest study is based on an analysis of the dietary history of, and illnesses experienced by, 266,666 people in seven European countries, including the UK. 这项最新研究是基于对266666人的饮食史和患过的疾病资料的分析，这些研究对象来自包括英国在内的7个欧洲国家。 The authors said, "In this multinational European prospective cohort study, we found that higher consumption of UPF was associated with a higher risk of multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases." 研究作者称：“在这项欧洲跨国前瞻性队列研究中，我们发现摄入更多超加工食品会增加患癌症和心血管代谢疾病等多重病症的风险。” People keen to lower their risk should replace some but not all UPF in their diet with "similar but less processed foods … for the prevention of cancer and cardiometabolic multimorbidity" or follow the Mediterranean diet, they said. 他们表示，为了“预防癌症和心血管代谢多重病症”，想要降低患病风险的人应该用“加工较少的类似食品”换掉饮食中的一些超加工食品，但不是全部换掉，或是采用地中海饮食模式。 Multimorbidity is when someone has at least two life-shortening diseases at the same time, such as cancer and heart disease. 多重病症指的是某人同时患有至少两种缩短寿命的疾病，比如癌症和心脏病。 Heinz Freisling, a co-author of the paper and expert at the World Health Organization's cancer research agency IARC, which also collaborated on the study, said, "Our study emphasises that it is not necessary to completely avoid ultra-processed foods; rather, their consumption should be limited, and preference be given to fresh or minimally processed foods." 该研究报告的合著者、世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构的专家海因茨·弗雷斯令表示：“我们的研究强调，没必要完全不吃超加工食品，而应该少吃超加工食品，多吃新鲜或加工少的食品。”国际癌症研究机构也参与了这项研究。

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7个月前

Loss of Slow-wave Sleep May Increase Your Risk of Dementia

Loss of slow-wave sleep as you age may increase your risk of developing dementia, according to a new study. 新研究发现，随着年龄增长，慢波睡眠时间的减少可能会增加患痴呆症的风险。 "We found that aging was associated with a decline in the amount of the deepest stages of sleep, known as slow wave sleep,” said Matthew P. Pase, senior author of the study published Monday in the journal JAMA Neurology, via email. Pase is an associate professor of psychology and neurology at Monash University in Australia. 该研究的资深作者、澳大利亚莫纳什大学心理学与神经学副教授马修·P·帕赛在电子邮件中说：“我们发现，随着年龄增长，深睡眠（也就是所谓的慢波睡眠）时间会逐渐减少。”该研究10月30日发表在期刊《美国医学会杂志—神经病学》上。 "We then found that persons with greater declines in slow wave sleep over time had a higher risk of getting dementia over the next 17 years of follow-up,” said Pase via email. 帕赛在电邮中说：“我们还发现，慢波睡眠时间随年龄增长减少幅度更大的人群，未来17年患痴呆症的风险更高。” Slow-wave sleep is the third stage of sleep, which is important for brain health. During this stage, the body removes unwanted, or potentially harmful, materials from the brain — including beta-amyloid protein, a hallmark sign of Alzheimer's disease. 慢波睡眠是睡眠的第三个阶段，对大脑健康非常重要。在这一阶段的睡眠中，人体会从大脑中移除不想要的或可能有害的物质，包括β-淀粉样蛋白，这种物质是阿尔茨海默病的一个标志性特征。 For the brain, this deep sleep is thought to be the most restorative, said Dr. Richard Isaacson, director of research at the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases in Florida, via email. 美国佛罗里达州神经退行性疾病研究所的研究部主任理查德·艾萨克森博士在电邮中表示，深睡眠阶段是最有助于大脑恢复的。 The authors wanted to know whether chronic reductions in slow-wave sleep over time are linked with dementia risk in humans and vice versa — whether dementia-related processes in the brain may contribute to getting less of this type of sleep. 研究作者们想知道，慢波睡眠时间的长期减少长远来看是否会增加人们患痴呆症的风险，反之，大脑中与痴呆症相关的进行性退化是否会导致慢波睡眠时间减少。 "Results suggest that chronic declines in slow-wave sleep, rather than individual differences at any given time, are important for predicting dementia risk.” Pase said. 帕赛表示：“研究表明，相比在任何特定时间的个体差异，慢波睡眠时间长期减少对于预测痴呆风险很重要。” The researchers studied 346 people who were aged 69 on average and had participated in the Framingham Heart Study and completed two overnight sleep studies — one between 1995 to 1998 and the second between1998 to 2001 — during which their sleep was monitored. Launched by the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in1948, the Framingham Heart Study identifies common factors contributing to cardiovascular disease. 研究人员调查了参与过弗雷明汉心脏研究的平均年龄69岁的346个人，分别在1995年至1998年间以及1998年至2001年间完成了两项夜间睡眠研究，在这期间对他们的睡眠进行了监测。美国国家心肺和血液研究所1948年发起的弗雷明汉心脏研究查明了导致心血管疾病的常见因素。 The authors also investigated whether any changes in the amount of slow-wave sleep that participants got was associated with developing dementia up to 17 years after they completed the sleep studies. 研究作者还调查了参与者慢波睡眠时间的任何变化是否与完成睡眠研究17年后患痴呆症有关。 By that time, 52participants had been diagnosed with dementia. Each percentage decrease in slow-wave sleep per year was linked with a 27% increased risk of developing dementia and a 32% higher risk of Alzheimer's disease dementia. The rate of slow-wave sleep loss accelerated from age 60, peaked from age 75 to 80 and slowed afterward. 研究结束17年内，已有52名参与者确诊了痴呆症。慢波睡眠时间每年每减少1%，患痴呆症的风险就增加27%，患阿尔茨海默病的风险就增加32%。慢波睡眠时间减少速度从60岁起加快，在75岁至80岁期间达到顶峰，之后又逐渐变慢。 Those who experienced declines in this deep sleep were more likely to have cardiovascular disease, take medications that affect sleep and carry a gene that makes people more at risk for Alzheimer’s (the APOE ε4 allele). 深睡眠减少的人群更可能患上心血管疾病，以及服用影响睡眠的药物，携带阿尔茨海默病高风险基因APOE ε4 allele的人也更可能出现深睡眠减少。 "This is an important study yet again showing the impact of quality of sleep on a person's risk of cognitive decline and dementia,” Isaacson said. “It's important to not only pay attention to the total amount a person is sleeping each night, but also monitor sleep quality as best as possible.” 艾萨克森表示：“这项重要研究再次表明了睡眠质量对于一个人患上认知衰退和痴呆症风险的影响。我们不光要注意一个人每夜睡眠的总时长，也要尽可能监测睡眠质量。”

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7个月前

Do You Sleep Enough?

Chinese residents sleep less than 7 hours per night, according to the 2024 Chinese National Healthy Sleep White Paper, released on March 16th by the Chinese Sleep Research Society. 中国睡眠研究会3月16日发布的《2024中国国民健康睡眠白皮书》显示，中国居民每晚睡眠时间不足7小时。 The report said that Chinese residents go to bed on average after midnight, with an average sleep duration of 6.75 hours per night. 报告称，居民平均在零点后入睡，夜间睡眠平均时长为6.75小时。 The report was based on a survey of over 10,000 people, including students, office workers and retired employees. 该报告基于对10000多人的调查，其中包括学生、上班族和退休人员。 The report showed that 28 percent of respondents sleep less than 6 hours and 64 percent have poor sleep quality. 报告显示，28%的人群夜间睡眠时长不超过6小时，64%的人睡眠质量欠佳。 Most people have experienced sleep disturbances such as nocturnal awakenings, early awakenings, having trouble falling asleep and nocturnal urination, the report said. 大多数人都曾有过睡眠困扰，主要的睡眠困扰有：夜醒、早醒、入睡困难、夜间如厕。 The report also found that 59 percent of respondents suffer from insomnia while only 19 percent have no sleep disorders. 报告还发现，59%的人存在失眠症状，完全无睡眠障碍人群仅占19%。 Only 29 percent of respondents go to bed before 11 pm while 47 percent go to bed after midnight and 13 percent do so after 2 am. Among them, thepost-00s generation has an average bedtime of 00:33 am while the pre-1970s has an average bedtime of 23:02 pm. 仅有29%的被调查人群在23:00前入睡，47%的人群在零点后入睡，13%的人群在凌晨2:00后入睡。这其中，“00后”平均入睡时间为00:33，“70前”入睡时间为23:02。 Pre- and post-1970s retired people often suffer from nocturnal awakening, early awakening and nocturnal urination while the post-00s and post-90s generations have trouble falling asleep. “70前”及“70后”的已退休人员常被夜醒、早醒、夜间如厕困扰，“00后”和“90后”的年轻人则困扰于入睡困难。 In terms of university students, 56percent use their smartphones for more than 8 hours every day. 51 percent go to bed after 00:00 am and 19 percent do so after 2:00 am. 针对大学生群体，调查显示，56%的大学生每天使用手机超过8小时，且有51%的人在零点后入睡，更有19%的人入睡超过凌晨2:00。 The sleep duration of office workers on non-working days is 33 minutes longer than that of working days. 上班族群体在非工作日夜间睡眠比工作日平均多33分钟。 The report also showed a correlation between a person's lifestyle and the quality of their sleep. 本次发布的报告还揭示了睡眠与生活方式之间的关系。 People who exercise regularly (monthly exercise frequency ≥10 times) tend to go to bed and wake up early, with an average bedtime of 23:56pm and wake-up time of 7:26 am. Compared with those with monthly exercise frequency ≤ 3times, their sleep duration is nearly 14 minutes shorter. 数据显示，热爱运动的人群(月运动频次≥10次)偏向于早睡早起，平均23:56入睡，7:26起床，与月运动频次≤3次的人相比，他们的睡眠时间短了近14分钟。 In addition, the sleep duration of people who drink is 27 minutes shorter than that of non-drinkers. As the frequency of alcohol consumption increases, the sleep quality declines. 饮酒人群比不饮酒人群平均每晚少睡27分钟。饮酒频次越高，睡眠质量越低。

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7个月前

Customs of the Mid-Autumn Festival

Worshiping the moon/祭月 Since ancient times, in some areas of Guangdong, people have followed the custom of worshiping the "moon god" on the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival. 自古以来，在广东部分地区，人们都有在中秋晚上拜祭月神的习俗。 As one of the important rituals of the Mid-Autumn Festival, the custom of worshiping the moon has continued from ancient times until today. It has gradually evolved into a folk activity to appreciate and praise the moon. These days, it has become an activity for modern people to show their desire for a family reunion and hope for a better life. 祭月作为中秋节重要的祭礼之一，从古代延续至今，逐渐演化为民间的赏月、颂月活动，同时也成为现代人渴望团聚、寄托对生活美好愿望的主要形态。 Eating mooncakes/吃月饼 Eating mooncakes is an important custom during the Mid-Autumn Festival. Mooncakes were originally used as offerings to worship the "moon god". Later, people gradually regarded eating mooncakes with their family as a symbol of family unity. 吃月饼是中秋节的重要习俗。月饼最初是用来祭奉月神的供品，后来家人们一起品尝月饼成了团圆的一大象征。 Due to different diet customs in different places, there are various types of mooncakes, including traditional flavors of five kernels, egg yolk, jujube paste, sweet bean paste and so on. Today, people have created new types of ice cream, durian mooncakes and more unique delicacies. 因各地的饮食习俗不同，月饼的种类五花八门，包括传统的五仁、蛋黄、枣泥、豆沙等口味。如今，还演变出了冰激凌、榴莲月饼等等。 Although the flavors are changing, the meaning of a family reunion remains embodied in mooncakes. The Chinese customs of eating mooncakes and their expectation for are union during the Mid-Autumn Festival remain the same. 虽然月饼的口味在变，但团圆的寓意一直未曾改变。中国人吃月饼的习俗和对中秋团圆的期盼也从未改变。

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7个月前

The Legend of the Mid-Autumn Festival

The Mid-Autumn Festival, which falls on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month, is a grand traditional festival in China. 每年农历八月十五的中秋节是中国盛大的传统节日。 A full moon is a symbol that reflects people’s wishes for a family reunion. 圆圆的月亮寄托了人们对家庭圆满的愿望。 In ancient times, the moon was always viewed as the symbol of brightness, purity and goodness by scholars, and it made people happy. Moreover, people regarded the moon as a testimony of heaven to human affairs. This kind of harmony between man and nature is a unique emotion shared by Chinese people, and is also the origin of the Mid-Autumn Festival. 在古代文人眼中，月亮是光明、纯洁和美好的象征，带给人们美好的感受。人们将月亮看作上天对人事的见证。这种人与自然的和谐是中国人特有的情感，也是中秋节的起源。 According to legend, in ancient times, ten suns appeared in the sky at the same time. Being exposed to the scorching sunlight and the searing heat was unbearable for humans. Then a hero named Houyi emerged. He shot down nine suns, creating balance on Earth. 相传，在远古时代，天上同时出现了十个太阳。暴晒和高温使得民不聊生。有一名叫后羿的英雄出现，射下了九个太阳，拯救了世界。 Therefore, the Queen Mother gave him the Immortal Pill as a reward. Chang'e, the wife of Houyi, ate the elixir by mistake and became a fairy. She had to fly to the moon and cannot go back to the earth. 因此，王母娘娘赐予他不死神丹以示嘉奖。嫦娥，后羿的妻子，因误食神丹而羽化成仙。她只得飞向月亮，自此不能下凡。 Feeling immense sorrow and longing for his wife, Houyi set up an altar and offered sacrifices to the moon every year on the day of the full moon, hoping that Chang'e could see his devotion and eventually return to him. The villagers, moved by Houyi's story, also began to celebrate this day by gathering together, enjoying the bright moon, eating mooncakes, and sharing stories of reunion and love. 后羿因为思念妻子，每年在月圆之日都会设立祭坛，向月亮献祭，希望嫦娥能看到他的忠诚，最终回到他身边。村民们被后羿的故事所感动，也开始在这一天庆祝，他们聚在一起，欣赏明亮的月亮，品尝月饼，并分享团圆和爱的故事。 Over time, this custom evolved into the Mid-Autumn Festival we celebrate today. Families come together, breaking bread and mooncakes, under the glow of the full moon, to express their wishes for harmony, prosperity, and unity. Children delight in lanterns and playing games, while adults reminisce about the past and cherish the present moments with loved ones. 随着时间的推移，这一习俗逐渐演变成我们今天庆祝的中秋节。家人们聚在一起，在明亮的月光下共享美食和月饼，表达他们对和谐、繁荣和团结的祝愿。孩子们喜欢提着灯笼和玩游戏，而大人们则回忆过去，珍惜与亲人共度的时光。 The Mid-Autumn Festival is not just about the moon and mooncakes; it's a celebration of family bonds, cultural heritage, and the beauty of nature. It serves as a reminder that no matter how far apart we may be physically, our hearts and spirits can always be united by the shared memories and traditions that bind us together. 中秋节不仅仅关乎月亮和月饼；它是对家庭纽带、文化遗产和自然之美的庆祝。它提醒我们，无论我们在身体上相隔多远，我们都可以通过共同的记忆和传统将心灵联系在一起。

2分钟

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7个月前