近期，红杉中国携手人民日报健康客户端共同推出系列对谈节目”洞见产业前瞻高端系列对话”，对话由红杉中国投资人与医疗领域权威专家联袂出场，共同解密临床科研转化与医疗投资背后的故事。在本期节目中，红杉中国董事总经理徐强与北京大学第三医院骨科主任李危石教授聚焦“骨科创新，临床转化与产业赋能”这一话题展开交流。 01:35 目前，北京大学第三医院在骨科领域有哪些最新研究进展？在临床科研转化方面，北京大学第三医院看到了怎样的趋势？ 04:10 骨科的创新型医疗器械产业发展现状如何？红杉中国在此有怎样的布局？ 06:30 李教授团队在脊柱研究转化方面开创了哪两个首次？是怎样的驱动力促使了这些创新的实现？ 11:50 骨科的临床技术与器械创新，应该朝着怎样的方向发展？现阶段行业又面临着怎样的问题？ 14:55 就投资视角而言，中国国内的骨科创新水平处于怎样的阶段？国内有哪些投资案例可供参考？ 18:30 在临床科研转化方面，李教授有着怎样的经验？其中又有哪些亟待解决的问题？ 21:30 如何跨越骨科创新产品和商品之间的鸿沟？ 27:40 近年来关于手术机器人的投资与发展呈现了怎样的特点？国内手术机器人存在哪些商业化困境？ 30:45 骨科机器人的发展还有什么优化空间？ 35:15 在激烈的竞争下，企业如何更好地突围？ 40:15 医生在整个创新转化中扮演着怎样的角色？ 43:50 医疗创新生态还有哪些环节需要补足？ 47:40 投资机构如何更好地帮助医生团队保障成果转化中的应有权益？ 52:50 在建立完善的医疗创新生态链、营造良好创新环境的过程中，业界还期待得到哪些支持和帮助？

近期，纳博智造创始人兼首席科学家、中科院化学所研究员、国家杰青、长江学者宋延林教授做客「红杉Talk」，与我们分享DNA打印、自动化生物合成等前沿技术等研究和应用进展，并就实验室科研成果转化问题分享心得，共话“创新的复利”。 00:50 怎样的契机促使宋延林团队创立纳博智造？ 02:30 DNA打印的研究方向都有哪些难点？目前国内外的研究动向如何？ 03:50 纳米材料3D打印技术在其他哪些行业方向有突破性的应用？ 06:00 要实现高端生物合成，当下产学界还需要重视哪些技术壁垒的突破？ 08:50 喷墨打印技术在DNA合成领域中，相较于其他技术路径有怎样的优势？打印合成技术未来在DNA以外哪些生物应用上还有场景？ 11:35 纳博智造当前的技术壁垒和产品护城河有哪些？综合考虑技术与行业，未来纳博智造有着怎样的发展规划？ 13:24 AI和生物合成是当下的热门话题，纳博智造在这些方面有怎样的实践？从长远技术变革的角度，纳博智造会做怎样的定位？ 15:40 当前国内科研成果转化面临怎样的机遇与挑战？宋延林团队对此有哪些建议？

近期，格林微纳创始人、中科院化学研究所研究员、中科院化学所工程塑料实验室主任张军博士，格林微纳联合创始人、中科院化学研究所副研究员田卫国博士以及格林微纳CEO、中国农业大学硕士、原丹纳赫PALL微电子事业部总经理李涛作客「红杉Talk」，与我们介绍了离子液体纤维素当前在行业中的量产与应用情况，并就从科学家到创业者的转型与拓展分享心得、共话“创新的复利”。 01:05 为什么会聚焦到生物降解新材料这一方向出发创业？ 04:35 生物降解材料的必要性体现在哪些方面？ 06:20 全球范围来看，生物材料降解发展如何、痛点是什么？有什么样的技术或发展趋势？ 10:15 从技术和生产层面来看，纤维素材料有怎样的优势？ 14:50 在制备上，微纳纤维素存在什么样的瓶颈问题？从应用层面来看，微纳纤维素的应用领域有哪些？距离纤维素被大规模推广应用还有什么难题待解决？ 16:30 从学术界到产业界，再到后来成立格林微纳，转型的契机和成立公司的初心是什么？ 19:00 目前格林微纳最核心的一些解决方案是什么？核心技术平台和优势是什么？目前在这些专利上有哪些这个创新和领先性？ 22:00 目前纤维素的大规模商业化应用还有哪些亟待解决的难题？ 26:45 目前格林微纳工业化生产和量产进展如何？中间碰到了什么样的难点？ 28:20 格林微纳对未来的商业化愿景以及推广有哪些思考？ 29:30 站在技术变革和行业发展的角度上，格林微纳有哪些长期计划和短期计划？具体的下一步计划是什么？

谈恋爱时给男人花钱如流水，一谈结婚就偷偷查婚前财产保全方案？月入是老公的5倍，他却说“钱不如鱼竿香”？ 养家男人到底图啥？情绪价值还是自我感动？ 本期我们请来了一位“奇女子”萌姐——从东北英语老师转型摇滚青年，从专钓富二代到裸婚嫁给钓鱼佬开始“养男人”，她的故事堪称当代女性亲密关系“魔幻现实主义”样本。 这是一期关于金钱与爱情的极限拉扯的节目，一场关于金钱、权力与亲密关系的赤裸对话。 本期节目中，您将听到关于以下内容的讨论： * 奇女子来访姐姐说 * 年轻时为啥觉得做独立女性很难？ * 东北富二代的短剧式恋爱大法 * 吃饭摆出三部8848大显摆 * 不能再为大佬们憋屈自己的爱好 * 挨了“巴掌”才知道合不合适 * 这个委屈姐不吃了！ * 艰难北漂漂出了恨嫁心态 * 金钱观巨变：没钱有精神文明也很开心 * 闺蜜聊天从搞男人到搞钱 * 手里没多少钱咋都花在他身上？ * 激老公不如激自己 * “女养男”和“男养女”大家在膈应什么? * 花钱给男友也是在买情绪价值 * 恋爱花钱和婚姻财产是两回事 * 你会跟伴侣借钱吗？ * 财务关系背后一些隐形的权力结构 * 婚姻里的如何课题分离？ 本期鸣谢 主播 美丽、六月 嘉宾 萌姐 剪辑 美丽 配乐 Will 音乐 Galdive – Window Miss Li – Beautiful 「加入听友群」请搜索wx：galpal2021

自从教主在之前的节目中分享，自己甚至整个公司被富婆姐姐“包养”的故事后，很多听友都对这位神秘的月姐十分好奇。 而总说自己喜欢叭叭的月姐，这次也来姐姐说，和大家分享她和教主甜蜜的背后，两人是如何彼此搀扶着从泥坑中挣扎出来的故事。 起初大家看到的，总是让人羡慕的。给教主花万元的学费、送包送衣服、给教主全公司送下午茶，还有每周为她定制的排骨…… 可故事的背后，却是只有教主看到的来自月姐喊不出的挣扎：儿时情感被漠视，感受无法表达，没有情绪，憋闷在内心的“不知道是什么”的东西找不到宣泄的出口…… 当时自己还在和抑郁症挣扎的教主，看见了月姐，所以这场女孩之间的相遇，从两人的地狱模式开启，一个在前面带路，一个做支撑后盾，蹒跚着在爱里找到了方向。 如今两人凑在一起，热闹的谈论着过往，对于这份友情未来会走向何方，她们内心也冒出过纠结的小九九。 但坦诚、真挚与无条件的爱，让她们彼此坚定， 无论未来你在哪儿，我永远都在。 本期节目中，您将听到关于以下内容的讨论： * 欢迎富婆月姐！ * 整个公司被月姐包养是个什么感觉？ * 月姐：我从小习得的就是用钱表达爱 * 家人坐一起只聊家族生意 * 父母花钱把孩子的自由意志买走了 * 这套镶金的爱的公式在孩子那儿失效了？ * 孤独又喊不出的月姐被教主看到了 * 我对你的好是希望你去看更广阔的世界 * 过于爱对方也会压抑自己 * 一个当领路人一个做后盾 * 吵架不代表关系的破裂 * 长期被漠视的人被看见会不适 * 教主如何面对月姐怎么对谁都好？ * 三人的友谊真的拥挤吗？ * 成长不同频会不会散伙？ * 邀请别人进门但不能有过分期待 * 学会打开心门分发心房的钥匙 * 你需要我的时候我在 * 我的友谊之手永不撤退 本期鸣谢 主播 美丽、树儿、樱桃教主 嘉宾 月姐 剪辑 美丽 配乐 Will 音乐 HAIM – The Steps My Little Lover「Hello, Again 〜昔からある場所〜」 「加入听友群」请搜索wx：galpal2021

嗨~好久不见。今天想和你聊聊，那些我们以为会过去的争吵。尤其是小时候，你在门缝里窥见过的或者隔着墙听到的，甚至更不幸当面见到过的，父母的争吵。 很多时候，这些瞬间就像是盖上灰尘的记忆球，可成年后的崩溃、愤怒、委屈，常常都能追溯到那个没关紧的门缝。 这期我们想聊聊，那些围绕在你成长过程中的或显性或隐性的来自父母的暴力，到底会恶成什么样？ 在做准备这期节目时，让我们非常意外和吃惊的是，在某社交平台上，“爸爸打妈妈”竟然成为一个专有词条，其下竟然有115万跟帖，每一条都触目惊心，更让人痛心的是，有的人已步入中年，看到70多岁的父母争吵，一下子又把自己拉回小时候。 带着这样的疑问和关切，我们邀请到戏剧治疗师千山鸟与我们一起深入了解家庭暴力对孩子成长的影响。 千山鸟说自己“久病成医”，一方面是因为她自幼经历家庭暴力，长大后花了好多年和好多力气才慢慢地疗愈了自己；另一方面她作为戏剧治疗师，既长期在团体和个案中帮助有着同样遭遇的人们，也一直在密切关注着家庭暴力的公共议题，会去反家暴机构做志愿者，会想做家暴题材的电影，她一直在从自己出发，试图为公众提供理论和实践层面的预防与帮助。 本期节目，我们会从千山鸟的个人故事聊起，看看那些家暴的现场怎样在一个人的内心引爆了核战，而作为置身其中的当事人，又该怎样保护好自己？解除内心不应背负的负罪感。 更重要的是，透过这个活生生的例子，我们可以看见家庭暴力中种种不对等的权力结构，也看见作为当事人的应对模式，并且借助相应的心理学知识，帮助自己更好地识别家庭暴力的边界，有意识地训练自己在日常生活中的诸多行为模式，一点一点从家庭暴力的阴影中走出来。 —— 延伸小知识 —— * 名词解释 踢猫效应：“踢猫效应”是一种情绪传导现象，指一个人在某处受到负面情绪影响后，没有直接发泄在源头上，而是将情绪向下传递，最终伤害到与事件无关、处于弱势地位的人。比如老板在会议上批评了小张；小张回到工位上语气冲地责备了助理；助理回家后，对自己的孩子发火；孩子一气之下，踢了家里的猫。猫无辜，但却成了情绪“最末端的受害者”。 * 相关建议 如果遇到家庭暴力，可通过以下方式求助： 政府热线：12338 妇联维权热线 微信小程序：家暴求助 法律援助热线：12348 本期节目中，您将听到关于以下内容的讨论： * 儿时共同的记忆：都见过父母吵/打架 * 百万帖子讨论“爸爸打妈妈”我该怎么办 * 40多岁还要经历童年阴影？ * 父母吵得再凶也会有个共识：欺负孩子 * 有些孩子会把终结自己当成解决问题的办法 * 千山鸟：愤怒冲出身体让我见车就想撞 * 你明明是个受害者为什么要背负负罪感 * 小孩不是长在家而是长在战场 * 真正的反控制是我根本听不见你在说什么 本期鸣谢 主播 美丽、树儿 嘉宾 千山鸟 剪辑 美丽 配乐 Will 音乐 James Morrison – You Give Me Something Noah Cyrus – July 「加入听友群」请搜索wx：galpal2021

本期节目，是好久不见的主播们与各位电子闺蜜们唠唠最近的生活灵感。 六月从大理的高端小区，搬到了村子里的木质小院，和邻居一起铺草坪、打山泉水、互相送饭……那些“不便利”的生活反而给了她最丰盈的快乐； 小树在代办事项堆里试着练习沙漏理论，把“忙”过成一种温柔对待自己的方式； 美丽则在一次春游的阳光里偷偷充了电，又在换季的emo中找到了和“此刻的自己”相处的新方法。 我们聊了记忆、情绪、节奏，也聊了那些不用“完成”却依旧值得珍藏的时刻。欢迎你来听，也欢迎你在评论区分享——你最近的生活，有没有一两件值得放进记忆盒子的小事？ 关于节目中主播们提到的生活日常，你也可以在「姐姐说」的小红书，查看图片哦~ —— 内容延伸 —— * 小红书指路👉🏻：「姐姐说GALPAL」 * 《不方便，但很幸福》 韩国漫画家洪渊植耗时六年创作的自传体漫画，记录其与妻子从首尔迁居竹叶山的真实经历。全书通过576页黑白漫画展现四季山居生活，既有林间散步、种地采摘的田园场景，亦直面经济压力与创作瓶颈的现实困境。该作品获2012年“今日漫画奖”与2018年“伊格纳兹奖”提名，豆瓣评分8.7分，被评价为“城市逃离者的现实样本”。 * 五月病 起源于日本。由于日本新财年新学年都是4月份开始，新人进入学校或者公司之后鼓足干劲儿工作或者学习一个月之后立刻经历4月底5月初的长达一周左右的日本黄金周假期，收假后当初的干劲儿已经消失，当初设立的目标却无法立即实现，因为理想期许和现实的差距，还有人际关系也没有达到预定状态，而产生的厌倦易疲乏的情绪问题。心情压抑、焦虑、兴趣丧失、精力不足、悲观失望、自我评价过低等，都是五月病的常见症状。 本期节目中，您将听到关于以下内容的讨论： * 姐姐说夜话，一些春夏换季的灵感 * 六月大理乡村新生活，收获睡前幸福的充盈感 * 奋斗是不是种城市病 * 待办事项20+的树儿为什么总是这么忙？ * 有些时候，“不处理”也是一种处理 * 美好记忆能不能在情绪宕机时当“充电宝” * 美丽痴迷好状态 * 拥有360个面向的你现在看到了多少个自己？ * 可以试试给自己找两个“小侍卫” * 温柔小树怒爆粗口？ 本期鸣谢 主播 美丽、六月、树儿 剪辑 美丽 配乐 Will 音乐 Maya Delilah – Gato Shaboozey – A Bar Song 「加入听友群」请搜索wx：galpal2021

Is crying good for us? What makes you cry? Being moved by a soppy or sad movie, waving a loved one off, or getting emotional after splitting up with your partner can all cause tears to roll down our faces. We all have the power to cry, but is that a good thing? When you think about it, shedding tears from your eyes is an odd thing to do. But it seems to be an automatic reaction when we get sad, upset or even when we're very happy. What triggers this reaction differs from person to person. However, the feeling is the same – your cheeks puff up, your eyes tighten and before you know it, tears are streaming down your face. Some of us may sniffle a little while others might cry like a baby – and some people suggest that it's women who cry more than men. A study in the UK in 2017 found that women admitted that they cry 72 times a year. This was, on average, more than men. Writing for the BBC, Adam Rutherford says "according to pretty much every study done, women do cry more than men, and this result has been consistent since we've been looking." But does this mean men don't get as upset or emotional as women, or are they just more embarrassed about showing their true feelings? The debate continues. One place where we experience emotional and tearful outbursts is in the workplace. This can be somewhere where emotions run high – someone might be stressed, their workload might be too much, and, as therapist, Joanna Cross told the BBC, "crying is often a build-up of frustration and undealt-with situations and it's a bit of a final straw moment." She describes how someone might start weeping when they're just asked to make a cup of tea because, "actually that's often a backlog of situations." But crying in the office or elsewhere can be cathartic: it can actually make you feel better. Maybe it dissolves or clears the negative or sad feelings you've had. Bawling your eyes out shows others how you feel, so perhaps it's a crying shame that more of us, particularly men, don't cry more often. 词汇表 soppy [ˈsɒpi] adj. 煽情的，伤感的，催泪的 split up (with) [splɪt] 分手，断绝关系，离婚 shed tears [ʃed] 流泪，落泪 odd [ɒd] adj. 奇怪的，反常的，不寻常的 puff up [pʌf] 鼓起，膨胀 stream down your face [striːm] （泪水、汗水等）顺着脸颊流下，从脸上淌落 sniffle [ˈsnɪfl] v.（尤指哭泣或感冒时） 抽鼻子；抽泣 cry like a baby 像婴儿一样大哭，放声大哭 consistent [kənˈsɪstənt] adj. 一致的，始终如一的 tearful [ˈtɪəfl] adj. 含泪的，哭泣的，流泪的 outburst [ˈaʊtbɜːst] n. （情感的）爆发，突发 emotions run high 情绪高涨，情绪波动大 workload [ˈwɜːkləʊd] n. 工作量，工作负担 build-up [ˈbɪld ʌp] n. （问题、压力等）累积，积聚，逐渐增加 undealt-with [ˌʌnˈdelt wɪð] adj. 未处理的，未解决的 final straw [strɔː] n. 最后一根稻草，使人最终崩溃的一击 weep [wiːp] v. 哭泣，流泪 backlog [ˈbæklɒɡ] n. 积压的工作，未办的事务 cathartic [kəˈθɑːtɪk] adj. 宣泄情绪的，解压的 dissolve [dɪˈzɒlv] vt. 化解，消除（情绪等） bawl your eyes out [bɔːl] 痛哭流涕，号啕大哭 it's a crying shame 真是遗憾，太可惜了；太不像话了，真不应该 📖 翻译、pdf见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

Did a civilisation exist on Earth before humans? Beth Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Beth. Phil And I'm Phil. Beth Phil, do you believe there's life on other planets? Phil Well, there's a lot of other planets, so yeah, I think there must be. Beth Yeah, I agree. Well, it's a question that interests American astrophysicist Adam Frank, who discussed it with his colleague Gavin Schmidt, director of NASA's Institute for Space Studies. Here, Adam recalls their conversation for BBC World Service programme CrowdScience: Adam Frank We know that there's been no other civilisation on Earth, and he stopped me and said, "How do you know that?" And my jaw just dropped down to the floor. Phil Adam's jaw dropped – an idiom for when someone looks shocked and surprised. Could there have been a technologically advanced civilisation before us, here on Earth? Beth It may sound weird but this idea has a scientific name. Here is Caroline Steel, presenter of BBC's CrowdScience, to explain: Caroline Steel The Silurian hypothesis proposes that if there was a technologically advanced civilisation hundreds of millions of years ago, we wouldn't be able to find traces of it. Phil A hypothesis is an idea which explains how something happens and can be tested to find out if it's correct. In this episode, we'll be discussing the Silurian hypothesis: the idea that a technologically advanced civilisation existed before us on Earth but vanished without leaving a trace. Beth But first, I have a question for you, Phil. Human civilisation is thousands of years old but the planet itself is much older. So, how old do scientists think the Earth is? Is it: a) 3.5 billion years, b) 4.5 billion years, or c) 5.5 billion years? Phil I'm going to guess c) 5.5 billion years. Beth OK. Well, we will find the answer out later in the programme. To believe a technologically advanced civilisation existed on Earth hundreds of millions of years ago, most people would probably want evidence. We have evidence about other species from the past, such as the dinosaurs, from fossils – the remains of prehistoric plants or animals that have been preserved in rock for a very long time. Phil But according to Adam Frank, fossils won't help prove the Silurian hypothesis, as he explains here to BBC World Service programme, CrowdScience: Adam Frank Most things are not fossilised. It's only a tiny fraction of Earth's life that has ever become fossilised. So, imagine that you have a 10,000-year-long civilisation, which is a blink of the eye for geology – that's too short to really create a lot of fossils. Beth Adam argues that only a tiny fraction – meaning a very small amount – of life on Earth has turned into fossil. Phil In geological time, even a 10,000-year-old civilisation is the blink of an eye – an idiom meaning a very short period of time. In other words, older civilisations might have existed on Earth but not for long enough to leave fossilised evidence. Beth However, not everyone is convinced by Adam's ideas. Evidence of our own civilisation, including plastics and man-made materials like concrete, is already being layered into the Earth's crust, and these are going to last a very long time. So, surely a technologically advanced civilisation from prehistory would have left similar marks. Phil Well, here's Adam Frank again, answering these objections on BBC World Service programme, CrowdScience: Adam Frank What happens is somebody else will pick up on their work, either affirming it and showing new evidence for it or pushing back on it, and once you get to, like, 20, 30 or 40 papers, then you have a consensus. You're like, "OK. We've really, really looked at this and now we know." Beth Adam welcomes new evidence, even evidence which contradicts his ideas, as part of the scientific method needed to prove a hypothesis right or wrong. It's how scientists form a consensus – meaning a general agreement – about the issue. Phil Personally, I think the idea of prehistoric civilisations on Earth is so mysterious, it's OK to keep an open mind. Now, isn't it time you revealed the answer to your question, Beth? Beth I think it is. I asked you, "How old do scientists think the Earth is?" You said, "5.5 billion years," and I'm afraid you were wrong, Phil. It's 4.5 billion years. OK. Let's recap the vocabulary we've learnt, starting with the idiom my jaw dropped, which is used to say someone looks very shocked and surprised. Phil A hypothesis is a suggestion that's proposed to explain something, which can then be tested to see if it's true. Beth Fossils are the remains of prehistoric plants or animals that have been preserved in rock for a very long time. Phil A tiny fraction of something is a very small amount of it. Beth The idiom the blink of an eye means a very short period of time. Phil And finally, a consensus is a general agreement. 📝字数限制，词汇表、翻译及pdf见公众号【琐简英语】，回复1可加入【打卡交流群】

Can weather really affect our mood? Now, beyond the obvious inconvenience of getting caught in a downpour, many people believe that bad weather directly affects their mood and health. And some people are more sensitive than others. These individuals are known as weather sensitive. How do you distinguish between weather-sensitive people and the rest of the population? Experts say that weather sensitivity refers to physical or psychological sensitivity to weather changes. For example, studies from Canada and Germany have shown that fluctuations in humidity, temperature and atmospheric pressure can trigger migraines, fatigue, joint pain, dizziness, and even depression in weather-sensitive people. However, these reactions vary widely and depend on the individual. They seem to be most prominent in people with adrenal gland or thyroid fragility. Grumbling about the bad weather is a long-standing British pastime, but in reality, weather-sensitive individuals make up only a small fraction of the population, estimated between 2 and 4%. This chronic condition has well-defined symptoms and is partly explained by a decrease in the secretion of happy hormone serotonin. Are you saying that for most people the weather has no impact at all on their mood then? Despite popular belief, no study has definitively proven that weather affects our mood. The real explanation is likely a simple one. Bad weather tends to make us go out less, thereby leading to us having less social interactions and being less physically active. Staying indoors all day can lead to feelings of sadness and gloom, which can become a vicious circle and self-fulfilling prophecy. You might notice a correlation between rainy weather and feeling down and mistake it for causation. That kind of observation can easily bias our perception, causing us to ignore other positive or negative personal context which might be affecting our well-being. What's the best way to deal with feeling down in bad weather then? Ultimately, it's not the weather itself, but the light that has a direct impact on our bodies. Light regulates our biological and seasonal clocks, helping our brain adjust serotonin levels in response to changes. A lack of serotonin can lead to anxiety, mood swings, insomnia and other issues. In other words, to boost your serotonin levels, make sure to get outside and get some fresh air. Even if the weather isn't ideal, you still need to expose yourself to sunlight. It's also important to go out, see friends, exercise and generally enjoy yourself as far as possible, even when it's raining. There you have it. 词汇表 downpour [ˈdaʊnpɔː(r)] n. 倾盆大雨，暴雨 weather-sensitive people 天气敏感人群（对天气变化反应更敏感的人群） weather sensitivity [sensəˈtɪvəti] 天气敏感性（对天气变化产生的生理或心理敏感反应） fluctuation [ˌflʌktʃuˈeɪʃn] n. 波动，起伏 atmospheric pressure [ˌætməsˈferɪk] 气压，大气压力 migraine [ˈmiːɡreɪn] n. 偏头痛 joint pain [dʒɔɪnt] 关节疼痛 dizziness [ˈdɪzinəs] n. 头晕，眩晕 prominent [ˈprɒmɪnənt] adj. 显著的，突出的 adrenal gland [əˈdriːnl ɡlænd] 肾上腺 thyroid [ˈθaɪrɔɪd] n. 甲状腺；adj. 甲状腺的 fragility [frəˈdʒɪləti] n. 脆弱，虚弱 grumble about [ˈɡrʌmbl] 抱怨，发牢骚 long-standing adj. 长期存在的，由来已久的 pastime [ˈpɑːstaɪm] n. 消遣，娱乐 a small fraction of ['frækʃ(ə)n] 一小部分的，少量的 chronic condition [ˈkrɒnɪk] 慢性病，慢性病状 well-defined [ˌwel dɪˈfaɪnd] adj. 定义明确的，清晰的 secretion [sɪˈkriːʃ(ə)n] n. 分泌；分泌物 happy hormone [ˈhɔːməʊnz] 快乐激素（指能让人产生愉悦感的激素，如多巴胺、血清素，催产素，内啡肽） serotonin [ˌserəˈtəʊnɪn] n. 血清素（一种神经递质，与情绪调节密切相关） physically active [ˈfɪzɪkli] 身体活跃的，积极运动的 gloom [ɡluːm] n. 忧郁，沮丧；昏暗 vicious circle [ˈvɪʃəs] 恶性循环 self-fulfilling prophecy [ˌself fʊlˈfɪlɪŋ ˈprɒfəsi] 自我实现的预言（个人预期引发相应行为，使预期成真的现象） correlation [ˌkɒrəˈleɪʃn] n. 相互关系，关联 causation [kɔːˈzeɪʃn] n. 因果关系，起因 bias one's perception [ˈbaɪəs][pəˈsepʃn] 使认知产生偏差，扭曲认知 biological clock [ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl] 生物钟，生理钟 seasonal clock [ˈsiːzənl] 季节钟（调节季节性生理变化的机制） mood swing [muːd swɪŋ] 情绪波动，情绪起伏 insomnia [ɪnˈsɒmniə] n. 失眠（症） expose oneself to [ɪkˈspəʊz] 使自己暴露于，使自己接触（光线、环境等） 🪴翻译和pdf见公众号【琐简英语】，回复"1"可进入【打卡交流群】

Is breakfast the most important meal of the day? Georgie Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Georgie. Phil And I'm Phil. Did you have any breakfast today, Georgie, or did you skip it? Georgie I did have some breakfast. On the way to the office, I got myself a pastry and a coffee. What about you? Phil I had a big bowl of porridge, but it was at six o'clock this morning so I'm hungry again now. And you might soon be hungry as well because we're going to talk about breakfast. How important is it? Let's start by hearing from Professor Alexandra Johnstone, a nutrition scientist who spoke to Ruth Alexander, host of BBC World Service programme The Food Chain. Professor Alexandra Johnstone I am supporting the meme 'breakfast like a king and dine like a pauper'. Ruth Alexander For you then, breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Professor Alexandra Johnstone I agree. So, it's really important, particularly for people who are trying to maintain a healthy weight and people who are trying to lose weight. Phil Alexandra says that you should 'breakfast like a king and dine like a pauper'. Pauper is an old-fashioned word for a very poor person. The expression means have a big breakfast and a small dinner. Georgie We're going to find out some of the reasons that Alexandra and other experts recommend doing this. But first I have a question for you, Phil. According to a recent survey, which of the following is the most popular breakfast in the UK? Is it: a) eggs, b) toast, or c) cereal? Phil Well, I think people like to keep it simple so I'm going to say toast. Georgie OK. Well, we'll find out the answer later in the programme. Let's hear some reasons for why we should breakfast like a king or queen. Courtney Peterson, who researches eating behaviours, explains how the time of day affects how our bodies process food, on BBC World Service programme The Food Chain: Courtney Peterson And so, if you can eat a large breakfast in the morning, and/or I would even say a large lunch in the morning, your body's going to be better at metabolising that food. And what that means is your body's going to actually… your blood sugar levels won't spike as high, you might burn slightly more fat, you might burn slightly more calories from eating earlier in the day. Whereas if you had… if you eat most of your food later in the day, your metabolism is actually slower later in the day. So, for instance, if you ate the same, I don't know, bowl of ice cream in the morning, the afternoon and the evening, your blood sugar levels will spike significantly higher in the afternoon and the evening. Phil We heard the noun metabolism. This is a word that refers to the chemical processes in your body, and we most often use it to talk about those that convert food into energy. And we also heard had the verb form – metabolise. Georgie Courtney talked about blood sugar levels spiking. A spike is a sharp, pointed shape. If you see it on a line graph, it means that something has increased very rapidly. We often use the noun spike to mean a sudden increase in a value that is being measured. The verb spike means to suddenly increase. Phil We've heard that eating earlier in the day can be healthier for us. Now, people often don't eat breakfast, sometimes because they don't have time and sometimes because they are trying to save money. Let's hear again from Professor Alexandra Johnstone, talking to BBC World Service's The Food Chain. Professor Alexandra Johnstone Now, breakfast skipping is interesting because my own work would tend to suggest – and that sort of observational, large-scale, epidemiological studies would also support this – that people who have a regular breakfast are actually leaner. And my own work would tend to suggest that having your largest meal of the day in the morning period gives you a much better appetite control, which then means it's much easier to control food intake later in the day. Georgie Alexandra starts by mentioning 'breakfast skipping'. If you skip something, then you don't do it. Bad students might skip lessons – they don't go to them. If you skip a meal, it means that you don't eat it. Phil We also heard that people who have a regular breakfast are leaner. If someone is lean, then they're not fat. Georgie And one of the reasons given why people might be leaner is that they have better appetite control. Appetite control is where your brain decides how much you should eat. Phil Thanks, Georgie. Now, I think it's time that we heard the answer to your question. Georgie Yes, it is. OK. I asked, "According to a recent survey, what is the most popular breakfast in the UK?" Phil And I said, "Toast." 📝 字数限制，完整文本、翻译及pdf见公众号【琐简英语】，回复1可加入【打卡交流群】

上一期发布之后，评论区好多小伙伴被燃起了跑步热情，但一瞬间的热血沸腾容易，让这把火持续烧起来却很难。 一旦开始，就会遇到各种各样的坎儿： 太累了，下雨了，生病了， 别人太厉害了，自己太菜了， 瓶颈期了，不进步了， 心累了，没动力了...... 一个不小心，火苗就灭了， 就回到原来的惯性里去了， 时间长了，连自己都不相信自己了。 这一期，跑步进度不同的主播和嘉宾们，就来跟你分享下她们遇到的那些「坚持不下去了」的时刻。 同时主创们还想用亲身经历告诉你，这些在各种事情上无数次拦住大家的障碍，其实都有办法解决！ 欢迎来听！ 本期主播： * 郭婷婷：杏师（因为之前是研究杏仁核的），暂停实验室创始人。录制时已经跑步三个月，超擅长寻找各种正反馈。 * 王偲偲：暂停实验室主创研究员。录制时跑步一个多月，有自己寻找正反馈的方法。 * 宋灰棕：暂停实验室编辑。录制时跑步三次，负反馈敏感，易放弃体质。 * 果苗：暂停实验剪辑。上期发布时首次跑十公里，想知道到底怎么能找到正反馈。 Timeline * 02:15 一跑身体就受不了，两次就想放弃了怎么办？ * 12:54 不相信自己跑几次就能感到轻松，怎么办？ * 19:27 不喜欢竞争和人际评价，阻碍了动力怎么办？ * 31:17 一瞬间的火苗总是燃不了多久，怎么办？ * 39:50 这次运动，会只是心血来潮的一阵风吗？ * 56:28 跑步不见得要一直坚持，但「人生实验」得一直做！ * 1:04:29 不觉得自己的小成果了不起，庆祝不起来怎么办？ * 1:10:25 总是犹豫，不确定要不要投入怎么办？ * 1:21:18 做不容易的事情，如何找到持续的正反馈？ * 1:24:06 正反馈一定等于好的感受吗？ 本期提到的暂停实验室练习计划： * 有效努力·健康生活版：有效努力是一个帮你实现生活中重要目标的练习计划。健康生活版则聚焦于规律作息、运动习惯建立和健康饮食的目标达成，帮助你提升精力，增加生命力和对生活的掌控感。 本期提到的书和影视作品： * 《超越百岁》：长寿的科学与艺术 制作团队： * 主播 | 郭婷婷、王偲偲、宋灰棕 * 嘉宾 | 果苗 * 策划、剪辑 | 宋灰棕 * 后期 | 果苗 * 录音 | 法布 * 插画｜阿清 * 音乐 | One Day You Will Grow Up by Mocha Music 收听方式：小宇宙｜喜马拉雅｜网易云音乐｜QQ音乐｜Spotify｜Apple Podcast｜Pocket Casts｜RSS：https://feed.xyzfm.space/aevvmucbrb9e 关注我们：如果你想直接体验大脑健身，用科学的训练助力自己的效率、表现全面提升，改善情绪困扰，重获健康睡眠/饮食习惯，可以微信搜索关注公众号：暂停实验室，后台回复「小宇宙」，加入练习吧！