BBC随身英语｜牛奶的替代品有哪些？
英音听力｜BBC & 经济学人等
The alternatives to milk
Milk, it comes from cows, right? Well, not all the milk you see on supermarket shelves is from an udder. These days we see many plant-based alternatives to dairy, such as oat, pea and soya milk. But why would someone stop drinking their full-fat, semi-skimmed or skimmed cow's milk and trade it for one of these?
There are many reasons someone might try alternative milks. Some people believe the alternatives are healthier than milk from cows. Those with lactose intolerance or thinking about becoming vegan might start drinking alternative milks. Also, concerns about the impact of dairy farming on the environment could be a factor. Whatever the reason, there are many alternatives to dairy out there for us to consume. But what are the differences between these other options and regular cow's milk?
Soya milk is one common alternative. According to some sources, such as healthline.com, it contains a similar amount of protein to regular milk. It is also lower in calories than some cow's milk, which could be good for those on a diet, and often comes fortified with things like calcium and various vitamins. So, all good? Well, soya is a common allergen, and according to foodallergy.org, is one of the nine foods which cause the majority of allergic reactions.
Almond milk is a low-calorie, low-fat drink and is naturally lactose free and has a slight nutty taste. When unsweetened, it also has lower levels of carbohydrates and sugars than some dairy options. However, even when fortified, it doesn't provide the levels of protein seen in soya or regular milk. Then there's coconut milk, which is low in calories and may not affect people with nut allergies as much as other options, but is lacking in protein.
Whichever plant-based milk you choose, there are positives and negatives. Dieticians agree the most important thing is getting a healthy balanced diet which won't trigger any allergies and comes with all the minerals and vitamins you need. And at the end of the day, it may just come down to which one you think tastes better.
词汇表
udder [ˈʌdə(r)] （奶牛、奶羊等的）乳房
plant-based [ˌplɑːnt ˈbeɪst] 仅用植物的，植物性的
alternative [ɔːlˈtɜː(r)nətɪv] 替代品，替代物，选择余地
dairy [ˈdeəri] 乳制品；奶制的，乳品的；牛奶场
oat / pea / soya milk [əʊt][piː][ˈsɔɪə] 燕麦奶、豌豆奶、豆奶（豆浆）
full-fat / semi-skimmed / skimmed cow's milk [fʊl fæt][ˌsemi ˈskɪmd][kaʊz mɪlk] 全脂、半脱脂、全脱脂牛奶（根据脂肪含量不同分类的牛乳）
lactose intolerance [ˈlæktəʊs ɪnˈtɒlərəns] 乳糖不耐受（因缺乏乳糖酶导致无法消化乳糖而出现的不适症状）
vegan [ˈviːɡən] 纯素食者，严格的素食主义者（不食用或不使用任何动物产品）
protein [ˈprəʊtiːn] 蛋白质
on a diet [ɒn ə ˈdaɪət] 节食，控制饮食
fortify [ˈfɔː(r)tɪfaɪ] 强化，增强；（通过添加某些物质）提升营养价值
calcium [ˈkælsiəm] 钙
vitamin [ˈvɪtəmɪn] 维生素
allergen [ˈælə(r)dʒən] 过敏原，致敏原
allergic reaction [əˈlɜː(r)dʒɪk riˈækʃn] 过敏反应（身体对某种物质过敏时产生的不良反应）
almond milk [ˈɑːmənd mɪlk] 杏仁奶
low-calorie, low-fat drink [ləʊ ˈkæləri], [ləʊ fæt] 低热量、低脂肪饮品
nutty [ˈnʌti] 含坚果的，坚果口味的
unsweetened [ˌʌn'swi:tnd] 未加糖的，不甜的
carbohydrate [ˌkɑː(r)bəʊˈhaɪdreɪt] 碳水化合物，糖类食物
coconut milk [ˈkəʊkənʌt mɪlk] 椰奶，椰子汁
dietician [ˌdaɪəˈtɪʃ(ə)n] 营养师，营养学家
trigger allergies [ˈtrɪɡə(r) ˈælə(r)dʒiz] 引起过敏
mineral [ˈmɪnərəl] 矿物质
at the end of the day 最终，到头来，归根结底
come down to 归结为，取决于
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