BBC六分钟英语｜我们是否忽略了噪音的影响？
英音听力｜BBC & 经济学人等
Are we Ignoring the impact of noise?
Neil: Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.
Georgina: And I'm Georgina.
Neil: In this programme, we're talking about something that always surrounds us – noise.
Georgina: Yes, whether it's the natural sounds of birdsong, the wind blowing, or man-made noise, like traffic or music – there's always something we can hear.
Neil: Of course, there are sounds that we like to hear and then there are those sounds that really grate – annoy or irritate.
Georgina: … like the beeping sound on a reversing lorry or someone drilling a hole in the road.
Neil: Indeed. Soon we'll be looking at the language of noise and hearing about ideas for making the world a quieter place. But let's kick off with a question about the measurement of sound, which is in units called decibels.
According to a guide by the World Health Organisation, what is considered the highest level we can be safely exposed to for a maximum of eight hours? Is it a) 55 decibels, b) 85 decibels, or c) 125 decibels?
Georgina: I imagine it's quite low, so I'll go for a) 55 decibels.
Neil: Well, as always, I'll reveal the correct answer later. Now, let's sound out what people know about sound, starting with Julian Treasure, the founder of The Sound Agency. He spoke to the BBC World Service programme, People Fixing the World.
Georgina: He discussed why noise is a form of pollution. And it's bad for our health, but we don't always realise.
Julian Treasure: Sound has powerful effects on us all the time, even though most of the time we're not conscious of it because we've kind of got into the habit of suppressing our listening. There's so much noise around us in cities that we get into the habit of ignoring it. Now that's not a great thing when the noise is having a bad effect on us.
Neil: Julian makes a good point – that sounds affect us all the time, even when we don't realise. We're not conscious of it – so we're not aware of it, but it is there. It may be irritating us, but we don't stop to think what it is that's annoying us.
Georgina: As Julian also said, we get into the habit of ignoring sounds. When you get into the habit of something, you start doing something regularly without even thinking about it.
Neil: And another habit we get into is suppressing our listening – so, preventing or stopping ourselves from hearing the noises. But experts have found this isn't good for us. That noise in the background can lead to stress and mental health issues.
Georgina: Yes, we all need some peace and quiet. Of course, there are many techniques for reducing and absorbing noise. For example, trees are grown by motorways to absorb the traffic noise. At a large rock concert, acoustic screens are put up to stop the sound being heard too far away.
Neil: All sound ideas – I mean good ideas. But let's head to the world's noisiest city – Mumbai in India - where honking car horns are a big problem.
Georgina: I love the sound of that word honk – a short, loud sound – but I don't like the actual noise. The People Fixing the World programme discussed this problem and met a woman who's been working for years to try and reduce noise levels and create quiet zones.
Neil: She's Sumaira Abdul Ali from the Awaaz Foundation, and she explained why honking horns was a hard thing to control.
Sumaira Abdul Ali: Honking and noise in general in India is a medium of expression, of sadness, of happiness, of every kind. This is what I was told when I started working, that these are all Western ideas to want to control noise – Indians love noise! And it's about the noise, it's about the colour, it's about the laughter and happiness, we don't want to be like the West – you know, those kind of dull, boring people, who don't express themselves the way we do!
Georgina: I like how honking a horn isn't just for road safety – it's almost another language. People express themselves – or show how they feel – by sounding their car horn. To control this noise – to be quieter - is considered a Western idea.
Neil: But Samaira is trying to change drivers' behaviour, and after much effort, even got the police to run a campaign. If noise levels at traffic lights went over 85 decibels, the lights would remain on red for longer!
Georgina: Sounds like a good idea! There's much more about this on the BBC's Fixing the World webpage. So, Neil you just mentioned 85 decibels. Is that the answer to the question you asked earlier?
Neil: Earlier I asked, according to a guide by the World Health Organisation, what is considered the highest level we can be safely exposed to for a maximum of eight hours?
Georgina: I said 55 decibels.
Neil: Ah Well, it is actually 85 decibels, Georgina. Bad luck. The permissible time for safe listening decreases as sound levels increase.
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