伴随着ChatGPT与DeepSeek的大热，各行各业都逐渐接入了AI，这其中生命科学与医疗行业，无疑是与AI绑定最深的行业之一。毕竟从50年前开始，在那个人工智能领域刚刚出现的时期，就已经有不少科学家在尝试把AI应用到医疗服务行业了，甚至他们考虑的问题，比我们今天思考的还要超前一些……

加听友群微信：bio_kiwi

时间点：

02:08 AI×生物系列介绍

05:07 今天的医院里AI深入到什么程度了？

16:48 1970年一篇思考AI应用到医疗的未来的文章

29:23 费根鲍姆等人开发的DENDRAL与MYCIN系统

59:17 迈尔斯等人开发的INTERNIST-1系统

73:19 中国最早的专家系统

相关图片：

《卫生健康行业人工智能应用场景参考指引》中提到的AI应用：

最早的商用计算机之一IBM701：

费根鲍姆（计算机前）正在调试DENDRAL系统：

DENDRAL系统负责人2006年合影（左一布坎南、左三费根鲍姆、左四莱德伯格）：

MYCIN系统在1979年评估的结果，在实习医生与医学生中排名第一：

涉及BGM：

《焦点访谈》节目开头

aqua - 坂本龙一

George Benson - Thunder Walk

参考资料：

焦点访谈丨辅助诊断、AI问答、健康管理……AI正重塑医疗服务链条

content-static.cctvnews.cctv.com

《卫生健康行业人工智能应用场景参考指引》www.nhc.gov.cn

Hirani R, Noruzi K, Khuram H, et al. Artificial intelligence and healthcare: a journey through history, present innovations, and future possibilities[J]. Life, 2024, 14(5): 557.

Kaul V, Enslin S, Gross S A. History of artificial intelligence in medicine[J]. Gastrointestinal endoscopy, 2020, 92(4): 807-812.

Reddy S. Use of artificial intelligence in healthcare delivery[J]. eHealth-making health care smarter, 2018: 81-97.

Sutton R T, Pincock D, Baumgart D C, et al. An overview of clinical decision support systems: benefits, risks, and strategies for success[J]. NPJ digital medicine, 2020, 3(1): 17.

Schwartz W B. Medicine and the computer: the promise and problems of change[M]//Use and impact of computers in clinical medicine. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1970: 321-335.

Kassirer J P. William B. Schwartz, MD, 1923-2009[J]. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 2009, 53(6): A27-A29.

Buchanan B G, Shortliffe E H. Rule based expert systems: the mycin experiments of the stanford heuristic programming project (the Addison-Wesley series in artificial intelligence)[M]. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., 1984.

Buchanan B G. Oral history interview with Bruce G. Buchanan[J]. 1991.

Feigenbaum E A. Oral history interview with Edward Feigenbaum[J]. 1989.

McCorduck P. The Scientific Life of Edward A. Feigenbaum[J]. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 2022, 44(1): 123-128.

Victor L Y, Fagan L M, Wraith S M, et al. Antimicrobial selection by a computer: a blinded evaluation by infectious diseases experts[J]. Jama, 1979, 242(12): 1279-1282.

Miller R A, Pople Jr H E, Myers J D. Internist-I, an experimental computer-based diagnostic consultant for general internal medicine[M]//Computer-assisted medical decision making. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1985: 139-158.

Miller R A. A history of the INTERNIST-1 and Quick Medical Reference (QMR) computer-assisted diagnosis projects, with lessons learned[J]. Yearbook of medical informatics, 2010, 19(01): 121-136.

“关幼波肝病诊疗程序”诞生始末：www.bjzhongyi.com

Kulikowski C A. Beginnings of artificial intelligence in medicine (AIM): computational artifice assisting scientific inquiry and clinical art–with reflections on present aim challenges[J]. Yearbook of medical informatics, 2019, 28(01): 249-256.