"英文小酒馆致力于打造沉浸式英语学习社群，无论是微信社群、有声节目、线上活动和课程，我们都全心全意为爱好英语的你带去一份专属于英语的快乐。 公号: 【璐璐的英文小酒馆】 查音频节目文稿，了解广阔的世界。跟随我们的脚步，体会英语的温度。" Hi, everyone. And welcome back to Britain under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】. Hi, 安澜. Hi Lulu, hi everyone. 安澜, can I propose a topic today? Yeah, of course. You know I've been following up on the latest news in the UK, yeah. I think I know what topic you would propose. It looks a bit messy. It is very, very messy. And it's also quite difficult for people who are not British to really understand. So I thought it would be an interesting idea for us to actually talk about the government and the political system in the UK to give people just a general idea. Yeah, well, to be honest it’s confusing for us as well. But I think if you don't understand the British government and the British political system, it can get very, very confusing. So first things first, your political system is called君主立宪制, 叫constitutional monarchy. Yes, we have a monarch, we have a king. But the king's actual power isn't really that big, they have a lot of authority, they have a lot of influence, but no real political power, so political power goes to our government, our Parliament. All that I know about your government is that your government consists of two houses. 我就知道英国有上院和下院, 上院叫什么House of Lords. The House of Lords and the House of Commons. House of Commons. So there is no actual Constitution in the UK, is there? it’s not like in United States. No, unlike many countries, the UK doesn't actually have a constitution. Instead, it based on presidents. 我听过一个叫做constitutional conventions, 叫宪法惯例, 就是没有实际明文的宪法, 但是有宪法惯例. So for example, we would have one law and then the judges would decide on how to interpret that law, and then there might be another law, then another law, then another ruling, and eventually it builds up into just common practice. And this has been going on for centuries. So it's basically just referring back to how it was done before… And changing when it needs to be changed. But it wasn't always like that, was it? Like before at one time in your history, obviously, king or queen, the monarch did have actual power. Oh, yeah. I would say that was years and years and years ago because there's actually been some kind of parliament since the 13th century over 750 years ago, we had a few rather bad kings, so the nobles actually tried to limit their power. And the first attempt to doing this was the Magna Carta. Magna Carta meaning The Great Charter. The Great Charter. 中文翻译叫大宪章. The Magna Carta, which means “great charter” in Latin, was drawn up by English barons (nobles) and church leaders to limit the king’s power. In 1215 they forced the tyrannical King John to agree to the charter. The Magna Carta stated that the king must follow the law and could not simply rule as he wished. Yeah, so that was 1215, and you might hear British people talk about Magna Carta, but to be honest, not many people really understand what it was. It’s probably what you learned in history classes. But there are some very important things that were added to the Magna Carta including if you are convicted of a crime, you have the right to be judged by a jury. So let's bring it back to the actual political system. We talked about the two houses. 我们就来说说英国这个议会制度, 首先说上院 House of Lords, obviously, this consists of lords. Yes, so historically they were upper class lords, so they were the aristocracy, but nowadays it has slightly changed. There are around 700 lords and ladies, but most of them are what we call Life Peers. Life peers, I think I've heard of this翻译叫做 “终身贵族”, 听起来好像很高大上, but it actually means they are only nobleman or noble woman for their lifetime. Yeah, so they'll have the title for their lifetime, but their children won't have it. So this is the difference between what we call Hereditary Peers. 就是Life Peers实际上是不能世袭的, 像Hereditary Peers是可以父传子，子传孙这样的. Yeah 但是life peer… it's just…it’s not so elitist. The idea of having a

"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！ 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~" In today's Buzzword Mix, our buzzword is Crowd Crush. Now I know a lot of people are still in shock about the tragic incidents that happened in Seoul a few days ago. 其实关于Crowd Crush, 我第一时间就已经做了一个短视频, 但是短视频的篇幅实在有限, 很多事情都没有办法具体讲. So I thought I would devote this buzzword episode to the concept of Crowd Crush. Again, we're not a news podcast, we're not gonna comment on news. Instead, we're gonna focus on sharing information, information that hopefully you will find useful should you ever find yourself in a dangerously dense crowd. Crowd crushes are catastrophic incidents that can occur when a body of people becomes dangerously overcrowded. Crowd Crush是由于人群的密度过大所导致的灾难性事件. 如果你没有经历过那种过密的人群, 可能很难想象 at this extreme density, a crowd can start to act like fluid, sweeping individuals around without their volition. 人群密度特别大的时候, 一个人群的流动形式就很像液体. 就好像是你在海水里, 浪打过来的时候, 你基本没有办法对自己的身体有任何的控制. Such incidents can occur at large gatherings such as sporting, commercial, social, and religious events. It can happen for all sorts of reasons. And a critical factor is crowd density rather than crowd size. 造成这种Crowd Crush它的重点是人群密度, 而不是总人数. 中文里惯常会叫做 “踩踏事件”, 但英语里相关的事件你会看到三个不同的词, the first one is Crowd Collapse, 这个是指人群密度特别大, 所有的人都紧紧地挤在一起的时候. If a person falls, the support to those around is lost, while the pressure from those further out remains, causing people to fall into the void. 一个人倒下, 本来塞得满满的人群中间就会出现一个void空洞, 这个时候后面的人也会掉进空洞, causing a bigger void. And people who have fallen are at risk of being smothered by the weight of bodies on top, or be trampled. 而倒下的人就很容易会有被踩踏的危险.

Hi everyone, and welcome to this special Halloween edition of Britain under the microscope. 欢迎来到【闲话英文】的万圣节特别版. Hi, 安澜. Hi, Lulu .Hi, everyone. Is that time of the year? Yes, so for this Halloween, I thought I'm gonna tell you something that's really scary, frightening, fairies. Fairies? Yes, fairies. Okay. I'm assuming you're not talking about like Disney versions of fairies 那种仙女. No, I’m not talking about all of those beautiful little girls with wings that fly around with magic wands, granting wishes. No, I'm talking about fairies. 但迪斯尼就是把这种小仙女小精灵都叫做 fairies. Yes, so we're talking about the true origins of fairies and a traditional idea of what is a fairy and why they are terrifying. Now you're speaking my language. For those of you who have been listening to the show, you know that I'm really into a cold…I'm really into all these supernatural things. So I know for a fact that fairies, the original meaning from medieval Britain is something probably more akin to spirits or even like little monsters. Pretty much. They were known as the little people or the hidden peoples, people were actually a little bit too scared to mention them by name. 我觉得在中文里它就不应该被翻译成仙女仙子, 因为安澜也知道中文里的“仙” is a very positive word. It means you're above people. You're superior. Yes. You're immortal. However, fairies I would say they're mischievous, they are sometimes evil. They are. To be honest, it is a bit tricky to translate the term because it's changed so much in the centuries really. 我觉得更像精怪, 你说精灵精怪可能会更合适一点. I think that would probably be the nearest translation to it. 这种山精野怪 Because they were believed to cause disease and play tricks on people, so they were sometimes good, sometimes bad. They were quite almost neutral in many cases. They are kind of… you said they like playing tricks on people, so they're like kind of tricksters. They’re basically, I would say a sort of shadow society. So they're like humans. So, as you have good people and bad people, sometimes good people turn bad, and bad people turn good. It's that same sort of idea, fairies are society that live among us. But we cannot see them. We cannot see them, I think many cultures have that idea. They might not always call them fairies but where’re they from, are they from things in nature? People… scholars aren't really sure where the idea comes from. Some people think that they are the spirits of the dead. Other people think that they are fallen angels, so they weren't good enough for heaven, but they weren't bad enough for hell. So they're stuck on earth. They're pretty much stuck on earth, but I would say they do have their origins in ancient Greece and Rome, where kind of as many societies in ancient times believed that trees, rivers, the natural world had its own spirits, a little bit like Japan nowadays. Yeah, you say Japan but actually in Chinese lores, there are also lots of stories. When there's a lot of nature, especially if you consider people in the past in ancient times, they didn't really know that much about nature, nature is largely mysterious. You hear rustling in the woods could be hidden people. Yeah. That is where the idea comes from, the creatures that could be easily offended, but they can also be helpful. You know you mentioned hidden people, right, isn't that what they call it in Iceland? 在冰岛有一个叫做什么…翻译过来也叫hidden people. Yeah. So Iceland, they believe in elves, and that's kind of somewhat similar to fairies. But I would say they all have their common roots really, so that creatures that should be, how should I say, you should be careful of offending. They have a lot of power, a lot of influences, they can do some really bad things if you make them angry. They can be very menacing. They can be. One thing I've heard of, I don't know if it's about fairies changeling. Yes. That is probably one of the sort of more terrifying aspects of the myth, where it was believed that fairies would steal babies or even adults and replace them with a fairy

If you are into something creepy, this one is for you. You know that living in this world with our ever advancing technology and our understanding of the world, sometimes we can get very sure and very arrogant. We're sure of the things we know of the world we see, and for things that don't really fall into this framework, we simply disregard them. However, outside of human perception, there's a bigger world filled with the unexplained. So let me introduce the SCP foundation, a very special organization. 你知道，这个组织是干嘛的吗？ The best way is to read their mission statement. Since the beginning of mankind, we huddled in caves and around small fires, fearful of the things we didn't understand. It was more than explaining why the sun came up. It was the mystery of enormous birds with heads of men and rocks that came to life. So we called them gods and demons, begged them to spare us and prayed for salvation. In time, their numbers dwindled and ours rose, the world began to make more sense when there were fewer things to fear, yet the unexplained can never truly go away, as if the universe demands the absurd and impossible. Mankind must not go back to hide in fear. No one else would protect us, and we must stand up for ourselves. While the rest of mankind dwells in the light, we must stand in the darkness to fight it, contain it, and shield it from the ice of the public, so that others may live in a sane and normal world. According to its website, the SCP foundation is a secret organization entrusted by governments around the world to locate and contain individuals, entities, locations and objects that violate natural law.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi, there. 欢迎回到酒馆, 关注【璐璐的英文小酒馆】, 发现节目原稿和精彩好文, 逛逛全球好物, 在这里邂逅更广阔的世界. Hi everyone, and welcome back to Happy Hour. 欢迎回来酒馆Halloween Special. Now I know some of you are not really a big fan of the Horror Genre like me, but don't switch off yet, I promise you I will not scare you in this episode. And you remember last Halloween Special, we focused on all these stupid things people do in the horror films? think of today's episode as a sequel to that. So the Happy Hour Presents your survival guide in horror movies and TV shows. How many times have you screamed at the TV while watching a horror film？Yelling things like don't go down there you idiot, sell the house. Perhaps a lot of you think that if you were ever in that situation, you would definitely not be that stupid. 平时我们经常开玩笑说, 如果我们在宫斗剧里能够活到第几集; 但是咱们今天升级一下难度, 看看在恐怖剧集里你能活多久. The thing is we might think we can easily outsmart these dumb-dumbs in horror flicks. But the fact is even if you are the fastest the strongest or even the smartest, in the world of horror movies, no one is safe. In fact, your chances of survival are pretty low. One wrong move could mean a horrifying death. The good news is we've got the know-how to help you out. In the horror thriller genre, there a lot of conventions, well, cliches. 其实像我这种 “阅片无数” 的狂热爱好者, 早已经摸透了恐怖惊悚片的套路, there’re many tropes and cliches, today, you're going to learn how to survive in a horror flick. Rule No.1, be a good person, but not too good. I know that sounds a little contradictory, but it's going to help you make it out of this with your life, your sanity, and all your body parts still intact. 恐怖片看多了, 多半都能看出每个人的人设, and horror movies love to punish jerks, bad people. So if you're the mean cheerleader or the obnoxious jock, so if you're like the sexy but mean type, like to bully other people, then your days are numbered. Rude characters are usually killed off early; and the meaner you are, the more spectacularly brutal your death will be. Audiences just love to see jerks get what they deserve. So if you're mean, you know you're not gonna make it out alive. It's better to be the kind-hearted leading man or woman, because statistically you stand a much greater chance of surviving a night of terror. But here's the thing. You don't wanna be too nice or too good, because then you tend to do some pretty stupid things like helping the stranger by the roadside, taking in a poor little girl who’s looking for her mommy. Just remembered a phrase, No good deed goes unpunished. 恐怖片里做好事不一定有好报, 所以第一条铁律 “做好人, 但千万别要做没有底线的傻好人.” That would significantly improve your chance of survival. Survival Rule No.2, don't investigate. What was that strange noise out in the woods？ I'd better go check it out, alone. What？That's the dumbest thing you could possibly do. Don't go into barns, basements, graveyards, ancient burial grounds, abandoned asylum, abandoned school, abandoned hospital, abandoned everything. They are abandoned for a reason, just don't go into them; because this is guaranteed a way to get you into some really sticky bloody situation. But if you still can't resist a temptation to investigate, then remember two things. Number one, don't ever split up with your friends. 可如果你的好奇心过于旺盛, 你非要去investigate,那么就记住不要split up with your friends, 不要跟你的朋友分开. If your friends so much as suggest splitting up, you should tell them to ‘shut up’, because you know the minute you guys split up, you will face your final scene; And Number two, when you go for a quick investigation, don't ever say I'll be right back. No, you won't be right back. You will be bloody and hanging from the garage door, you know that. 所以第二条铁律, 事出反常必有妖, 千万不要好奇心过剩, 什么事都想一探究竟. Rule No.3, turn around because who or whatever it is that frightens you, it's always behind you. While hiding from deranged knife-wielding thing of evil, you might ask yourself, where is it？The answer, right behind you. 不管是神鬼妖狐还是杀人魔, 只要你找不到他, 他一定就站在你身后. Learn from tho

In today's Buzzword Mix, our buzzword is Ghosting. 马上就是万圣节了, 可能大家一听今天的buzzword Ghosting就是Ghost “鬼”这个词加ing, 就会觉得璐璐是不是要开始讲什么恐怖的事情了. Actually ghosting has nothing to do with scary things. But it has everything to do with relationships. So ghosting refers to abruptly cutting off contact with someone without giving that person any warning or explanation for doing so. 没有任何预警的就突然切断联系, 其实就是中文里说的“玩消失”. So for example, if you are dating, and the person you're dating just suddenly disappears. And they cut off all the contact with you without explaining why, then we can say you have been ghosted. It's called ghosting because it involves someone essentially vanishing into thin air, disappearing as if they were a ghost. Ghosting is generally used in reference to a romantic relationship, for example, when you're dating. But it can technically refer to any scenario where contact unexpectedly stops. Ghosting这个词最开始虽然只是恋爱领域的事情, 但其实如果友人、家人甚至你面试的公司突然对你玩消失, 也有很多人会用Ghosting这个词. 玩消失, 既可以是一夜之间突然毫无征兆的发生, 也可能是在一个很漫长的过程中, the other person might start by soft ghosting 它可以逐渐的消失. Some of the early signs that someone might be ghosting you include如果出现以下的这些征兆, 你就要小心了, 可能对方要开始ghosting了. They regularly bail out on plans to get together. 比如经常会取消计划或者尽量找借口不跟你见面. They struggle to make commitments不愿意做出任何承诺. They don't like to share personal Information. They don't want you to meet their friends or family. They disappear from social media. They rarely respond to your texts or calls, your conversation with them lack depths, and they seem disinterested. 你跟他们的交流也变得非常浅层, 而且通常他们对和你聊的事以及你的生活都表现的没有什么兴趣. Those are probably some of the early warning signs that they might start ghosting you. This day and age, ghosting very often occurs on social media. It involves cutting off all social media contact without any explanation. The other person may unfriend, unfollow, or even block you on all social media platforms. 如今这个年代, 很多时候的“玩消失”都是从社交平台开始的, 他们可以对你unfriend删好友, unfollow取关, 甚至把你拉黑. They may even go so far as to deactivate or delete their social accounts to prevent all contact. 甚至有人做得更绝, 会直接删掉社交账号, 就为了让你找不到ta们. Although the behavior of ghosting has been around since the dawn of time, but the term ghosting came mainstream about 7 years ago alongside the surge in online dating. And it became an official entry in the The Merriam-Webster Dictionary in 2017. 虽然玩消失这种行为并不新鲜, 但是ghosting这个词大概也就是六七年前才开始变得火起来. 2017年正式被收入Merriam-Webster Dictionary. The reason why the term suddenly got mainstream is perhaps because online dating, all of these dating apps has simply made it way easier to ghost people, so that more people feel like they could relate or understand being ghosted or doing the ghosting. 之所以近些年来ghosting这个词突然火起来, 可能是因为现在有太多的这种左滑右滑上下滑的dating APP or social network APP, 所以很多人都经历过ghosting这种行为. Now if you have ever been ghosted in any form of relationship, one of the questions that you're going to keep asking yourself is why can't the other person just come out and say they don't want to contact me anymore. Why do they choose to ghost？ There are two primary reasons why a person would ghost another. So reason number one, it's the Easy Route. 第一个原因就是因为“玩消失” 简单粗暴. Because many people find it way easier in a short term to ghost someone than to have an awkward, uncomfortable, heart to heart conversation about why you're not interested in keeping in contact with them. The person doing the ghosting often wants to avoid confrontation or dealing with someone's hurt feelings. So they simply stop all communication, hope that you get the message and just leave them alone. Reason number two is option overload and fatigue. 第二个原因就是选择过多, 腻了就换. Especially with internet dating, this is what you see. There are so many choices. So they're quick to say, ‘OK, next’. 特别是各种交友约会的APP里, 腻了就ghosting简直是一个常态. Now the reason why we talk about ghosting is because on the surface, ghosting seems harmless. They're just disappearing, they're not shouting at you, they're not having a fight with

"英文小酒馆致力于打造沉浸式英语学习社群，无论是微信社群、有声节目、线上活动和课程，我们都全心全意为爱好英语的你带去一份专属于英语的快乐。搜公号: 【璐璐的英文小酒馆】 查音频节目文稿，了解广阔的世界。跟随我们的脚步，体会英语的温度。" Hi everyone, and welcome back to Britain under the Microscope.欢迎回到【闲话英伦】. Hello 安澜. Hi. Lulu. Hi, everyone. Actually. Today let's make it a special edition. Instead of talking about UK in general, let's talk about you. Are you getting scared? Well. A little bit. Yeah. Actually, it's because sometimes when I'm interacting with our audience, with our followers, they kind of ask so what did Anlan major in? What’s his major when he was in university？ 因为大家都知道, 我是一直读语言上来的, 很多人都会问, 说安澜在大学里学的是什么？ Actually, I know for a fact that you studied something called Classics. Yes. That's right. 翻译成什么古典或者经典什么, 这个东西是一个很特殊的学科, and I thought we can talk about that today. OK. Goody. I can hear the excitement in your voice. It's a subject that I really, really loved. This is what I studied for my BA, and my MA, I studied Chinese; but I always remember my BA and this was certainly something that I really love studying, despite the fact that, let's face it, it doesn't really get you many jobs. We can talk about the career prospects of this major in a bit. OK. But first things first, what is Classics？ Classics is, I would say, western subject. It's the study of classical languages. Classical languages here means? Ancient Greek and Latin. Ancient Greek and Latin. So it's not even modern Greek. No, no, ancient Greek. Dead languages. Well, dead-ish. But it's also the study of philosophy, art, history, and lots of other subjects all related to the ancient world, particularly Greece and Rome. I see. So is that like, I don't know, I'm trying to relate to my experience, my own experience. So I don't know is that like a history major or what is it？ It's an arts subject. So that's why I've got a BA in arts. It's partly history, but it's also languages and philosophy as well, and archaeology. 一个generally文科的东西. Yes. That's right. Now I don't know if it's just a stereotype of mind or not. Is this the sort of thing that when people hear, they go like kind of like a fancy subject, because it's not very practical. Shall we say就是听上去很高大上的, 不是那种说毕业了就能找工作, 而是那种感觉好像有钱人学的东西. I think you’re a bit too nice to me when you say oh people go Wow, you study Classics. In my experience, most of them say why？ I've met people when they hear others are studying Classics or things like that, or like art history subjects like that, they go they must be rich, they must have rich parents. All I can say to you and all of our listeners that is completely not true. But do they have that kind of perception in… or stereotype in the UK as well？ To a certain extent, yes. That's because ancient Greek and Latin is mostly taught at private schools. But the thing is, it's important to know that Classics and in particular, ancient Greek and Latin and the history and philosophy was the basis of education for centuries. So all educated people were expected to learn Latin and Greek. I think even nowadays in the UK, people, let's just say from a probably class wise, more upper class or upper-middle class people, they were probably at some point in their education learned the Classics. Yes, but you can also learn the Classics at state school as well, in particular history. I went to a state school. State school就是公立学校呗. Yeah, just an ordinary state school. I started learning Latin when I was at college, before I went to university, then I started learning Latin and Greek in more depth when I was at university. But you mentioned this is the basis of education like with all educated people being expected to learn for a long time. That was the tradition. That was the tradition. Medieval times, the renaissance, renaissance literally means rebirth, and we call it the renaissance because scholars started to find more Latin and Greek works, and that led to what is called humanism. 就是Renaissance是文艺复兴期, Humanism是人文主义 so that is closely linked with the study of cl

Welcome back to Geek Time. This is Geek Time advanced. Hi lulu. Hi Brad. We're gonna get into the more advanced ideas of quantum computing, and we're gonna talk about something that Einstein was talking about, he referred to it as spooky action and when you think about spooky, it's kind of a scary idea, maybe not like really, really scary, but something that's spooky is kind of… it’s creepy. 中文里把这个翻译成 “鬼魅效应”或者 “幽灵效应”。 Yes, it is really spooky. Is it because Einstein thought it’s something that is beyond human imagination? Is it that sort of idea? Yeah, essentially, when we look at spooky action, like a spooky action at a distance, there's this idea of quantum entanglement. What that means is you have like two particles, electrons or something like that, and they're entangled quantumly, which means that they're always going to be the same. It doesn't matter how far apart you get those two particles, they're always going to be connected, and they're always going to be the same. So like if you were to use them as a way to transmit data, because they would always be the same, you could essentially transmit data at faster than the speed of light, which is something that according to Einstein wasn't possible, right, he was looking for a way ‘can we travel faster than light?’ People just like it's not possible, but like there's this idea of quantum entanglement which allows us to do this. Basically, you have these two particles even if they're separated by like one is on earth and one is somewhere in space. We could transmit data between these two particles because they're connected somehow. I see. So like perhaps it could be used in space exploration like space stations or spaceships…and then… Yeah. And then data can be transferred instantaneously. Yeah, so like for example, if we wanted to send a message to the Mars, it would take a long time, it's not going to get there instantaneously like when we talk at a long distance, it might take a second or two for that to travel. And so there might be like some sort of echo or time lapse between our conversation on the phone, but when we're looking at this, like if we had two quantum entangled particles, one on a space station and one on earth, we could instantaneously talk to each other. There wouldn't be any gap in between. Wow. So basically maybe with quantum entanglement in the future talking to Mars or transferring things to Mars would be easier, would take less time than just air dropping it from one of my computers to another computer.

"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！ 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~" In today's Buzzword Mix, our Buzzword is Zero Waste. Hearing this expression, you know that it has something to do with environment and sustainable living. 今天咱们就来聊聊和环保以及可持续生活方式有关的Zero Waste, 零废弃的概念. Now it sounds simple, but it's not as simple as your parents telling you don't waste food or don't waste money. It is actually a set of principles focused on waste prevention that encourages redesigning resource life cycles so that all products are reused. 零废弃的这个概念, 它是基于 waste prevention, 最大程度地避免废弃, 避免浪费所建立的一系列的准则. It encourages redesigning resource life cycles. 它关注的是重新设计各种资源的生命周期, so that all products are reused. The goal is to avoid sending trash to landfills, incinerators, or the ocean. 现在我们很多的废弃物、垃圾, 最终会到要么是landfill 垃圾填埋场, incinerator焚化炉, 或者直接排到海洋; 零废弃就是为了避免这些传统的垃圾处理方式. The Zero Waste International Alliance (ZWIA) has an even more detailed definition. 零废弃国际联盟, 它对于零废弃的定义就是The conservation of all resources by means of responsible production, consumption, reuse and recovery of all products, packaging and materials. 通过负责任的生产、消费, 所有产品的重复使用和回收, 负责任的包装设计和材料选择来实现资源的保护和节约. Without burning them and without discharges to land, water or air that threatened the environment or human health. 避免对废弃物进行焚烧, 或者是向土地、水源和空气中排放可能会破坏环境或威胁人类健康的物质. Zero waste examines the entire life cycle of a product or material, highlighting inefficiencies and unsustainable production and consumption practices. 零废弃最大的一个特点就是, 它不只是针对一件产品, 它关注的是每一个产品或者材料的全生命周期, 生产消费各种操作中不够节能环保, 不够可持续的部分。

【Geek Time】-“极客”时间，和“科技宅”Brad一起聊神秘有趣的“黑科技”“高科技”“硬科技”。欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~ Hi everyone, and welcome back to Geek Time. Hi Brad. Hey Lulu. So what are we gonna talk about today? Well, I thought we’ll talk about quantum computing. It seems to be something that a lot of people are talking about these days. Yeah, I think most people have heard of it, but honestly like if you ask me to translate, I know quantum computing is量子计算。 However, I have no idea what it actually means, so it'd be a very good crash course for me. All right, so since a lot of people don't really… they might know few basic things about computing and what that is. Before we can talk about quantum computing, we really have to understand what computing is. And when you think about all the computers we've had for since the birth of computers, there has been really this idea of binary numbers. Two states often on… 二进制就是zero and one. Exactly. So that is what we call the basic bit of computing, but most computers run off of not just using a single bit, like you might have like 8 bits which is referred to as a byte. And when you have like two states, you have 2×2×2, but it's two to the 8th power, and that has 256 different states, 000001 like that. Byte就是字节。 So an eight bit string is a bite and has, like you said, 256 different values. Yeah, right, and then you go from like bits to bytes and then bytes to kilobytes, which is a kilobyte is 1,024, not exactly 1,000, a lot of people think it's 1,000, but it's really 1,024, because that's 2x2x2x2x2… to the 10th power. I see. And so kilobytes to megabytes to gigabytes, and nowadays most people can store a terabyte in their computer, something in the terabytes. Yeah, 就是我们存储的时候说一个T一个G, so these are terabytes, gigabytes. Now before we get into like quantum computing, we're just gonna look at an example really quick of 2 bits. All Right And if you have 2bits, there's really four possibilities which could be 00, 01,10, and 11. If you like think of them as numbers, they would be like 0, 1, 2, and 3. But when we look at them as a bit format, it would be 00, 01, 10, and 11. Now when we get into quantum computing, we don't have bits as we do in computing, we have what's called a qubit or a quantum bit, but a quantum bit allows them to have both states at the same time, so rather than having a 0 or a 1, it can be 01, or like somewhere in between that, the 2 bits that we’re looking at could be 00, 01, 10, or 11, so there's four different states if we have 2bits. Now when we go into quantum computing, we have a qubit and a qubit is similar to a bit. But rather than having two possible states, it can occur with both states at the same time, or like somewhere in between those two states. And when we get into like two qubits, we have those four that 00, 01, 10, and 11. We can have all four of those states occurring all at once. So it's not just one, it's all of them. So in my very basic understanding is that quantum computing, this qubit, 量子位it's called, all of these four states to exist at the same time. So it doesn't have to be one or the other. Right, and so it allows for that and even mixing of states which allows the computers to like quantify things in much faster speeds, much… like much larger degrees, and so basically it allows it to grow exponentially faster. When you have a regular computer, it grows exponentially, but it's 2×2×2, like every bit you add, you have an exponential growth of two, but when you have a quantum computer, it’s like 4x4x4, it can just goes up so much faster. I see. You're looking at that or so. So it's much higher or more effective computing power? Right, so when you kind of think about this, a lot of computing can be seen as something when we look in cryptography as an example. Cryptography is about making… this is about encryption and decryption，就是密码和解码。对吧? Right, and so when you look at current methods like what we use on our current computers, basically their e

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi everyone, and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope.欢迎回来【闲话英伦】Hi, 安澜. Hi, Lulu. Hi, everyone. What are we going to talk about today？ I thought, since we’ve discussed about the Queen and her passing, I think it might be a good opportunity to discuss about our new King, King Charles III. Actually, at the end of that episode, you promised me that we're going to talk about King Charles III. Well, it's a big topic. So there's lots that we can discuss about this. Um. Honestly, this is… the whole idea of monarch这种君主制, it's still very, very foreign to me because we don't have a monarch anymore. And your monarch is a constitutional monarch, 君主立宪制. That's right. Let's start, first of all, what the king actually does or what the British monarch actually does. So first of all, the important role is that they are the head of state for the UK. Head of state. I see, Prime Minister is the head of government, and the King now is the head of state. Yeah, same as pretty much every other country that they have a head of state. It's normally the president in many countries, but in the UK, it is the King or Queen. So he is the head of state of the UK, and also his other role is the head of the commonwealth. So, basically, the old empire that's the left over…the old empire. Well. Many of the countries were part of the British Empire. There’re also some countries that weren't part of the British Empire. They've also joined. It's around 56 countries around the world with around 2.5 billion people. That's actually quite surprising. It's quite a large organization, and he is the King of 14 of those countries like… Canada, Australia, New Zealand. Yeah. But you say that he is the King of these countries, but these countries they have their own head of government and all that. King himself doesn't really hold a lot of real power, that's like my understanding of it.

"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！ 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~" Hi everyone, and welcome back to Buzzword Mix. 欢迎回到我们的迷你双语板块【新词特饮】，短短几分钟让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资. In today's Buzzword Mix, our buzzword is Hangry. You’ve heard it right, not hungry, not angry, hangry. It's a combination of hungry and angry. So you probably can guess the meaning of hangry. Have you ever noticed that when you're really hungry, your tummy is rumbling. You are more likely to get angry, to lash out at unsuspecting loved ones or even innocent bystanders? 不知道你们有没有注意到, 当你饿着肚子的时候, 就很容易对身边的人发这种无名火. And this sudden, irrational rage is often referred to as “hanger”, a combo of hunger and anger. If you have hanger, you are hangry. 中文我觉得可以翻译成“饿到生气”. Now personally I have experienced that. For a period of time, I was having this no carb diet, and I was hungry all the time; and I had the worst temper, I would get angry for no particular reasons. 我个人可是体验过 hangry的感觉. 原来有段时间去做这种断碳饮食, 然后经常会饿, 然后脾气特别臭. Now you might think this is just a meme, a joke. 很多人可能觉得这个hangry就是一个梗. But actually now the experts are saying it is a very real thing. And the explanation they offer is when you haven't eaten for a while, the level of sugar glucose in your blood decreases. 当你饥饿到一定程度的时候, 你的血糖就会降低. When your blood sugar gets too low, it triggers a cascade of hormones, 这个时候就会触发你身体里的很多激素出现改变, including cortisol皮质醇, this is a stress hormone这是一个压力激素, and adrenaline 肾上腺素. And these hormones are released into your bloodstream to raise and rebalance your blood sugar. 因为血糖过低促使这些激素的分泌. Some of these hormones are related to anger and aggression. 而这些激素跟生气、攻击性都会有关. To be more specific, there are parts of our brains that help us control our emotions and regulate our behaviors. But if we have very low glucose level or blood sugar, this means the higher brain functions are not working as well as they could be. So there may be a breakdown in those higher brain functions that help us modulate primitive responses, therefore we start lashing out. 说得更具体一点, 其实就是我们的大脑负责管控情绪和行为的部分, 这些更高级的功能, 它需要血糖值达到一定的程度才能够正常运行; 而过度饥饿, 血糖值过低的时候, 这些大脑的高级功能就容易出现问题, 于是我们就会出现情绪失控的状态. Essentially, it's not just our bodies that run on food, it's our brains. When we don't have the critical glucose at the needed levels, mechanisms of self-control over aggression break down. 我们吃下去的东西不光是维持我们肢体的运行, 同样也在供给我们的脑, 而当血糖达不到我们的大脑所需要的量的时候, 我们对于自己aggression攻击性和愤怒的自控能力就会开始出现消减. So, when you’re hangry, you’re not just more prone to snap at somebody because you’re hungry on a physical level, you’re actually hungry on a cerebral level in your brains; And the deprivation is causing your reactive filters to blur if not shut down completely. 所以当我们说我们hangry饿到生气的时候, 不光是说饿着肚子觉得很生气, 而更多的是大脑出现了饥饿, 而这种饥饿让我们降低了这种自控能力, 开始出现了更加原始的攻击性行为。 And interestingly, researchers have also documented the hangry phenomenon in relationships. 其实有研究就表明饿到生气的现象也会影响亲密关系. A study on married couples found that the lower the participants' blood sugar level, the angrier and more aggressive they felt toward their partners. 在夫妻相处之间, 当一方的血糖值越低, 他们就会对自己的伴侣展现更多的愤怒和攻击性.