听前提示 一、每期提供10个单词，每个单词都会有2-3个例句，方便理解记忆。 二、每个单词和句子都会重复5遍，其中第2遍为慢速，有助于识别。 三、本材料的整体难度较低，可以用来听力磨耳朵和单词查漏补缺。 Day 1 1. Abandon v.抛弃，遗弃；n.放任，放纵 We have to abandon the plan. 我们不得不放弃这个计划。 He abandoned his plan to build a factory. 他放弃了建工厂的计划。 They found an abandoned car by the river. 他们在河边发现了一辆被遗弃的汽车。 He abandoned his hope of becoming a doctor. 他放弃了当医生的希望。 There are a lot of abandoned houses in this area. 这个地区有很多废弃的房子。 2. Ability n.能力，能够；才能，技能，本领 This job is beyond my ability. 这份工作超出了我的能力。 I trust his executive ability. 我相信他的执行力。 I don't have much faith in his ability. 我对他的能力不太有信心。 She has the ability to manage a business. 她有经营企业的能力。 3. Above prep.在……以上，超过 adv.高于 My bedroom is just above. 我的卧室就在上面。 Don't go above the speed limit. 不要超速行驶。 This work is above my capacity. 这工作超出了我的能力。 The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云层上方飞行。 She lives in an apartment above us. 她住在我们楼上的公寓里。 4. About adv.大约；几乎 prep.关于，对于 Don't worry about it. 别为它担心。 She is about my age. 她和我差不多大。 What is he angry about? 他为什么生气？ How do you feel about it? 你觉得怎么样？ Nobody tells me about it. 没有人告诉我这件事。 5. Able adj.能够，有能力的；聪明能干的， I'm sure I'll be able to find it. 我肯定我能找到它。 He is able to speak ten languages. 他能说十种语言。 I am able to swim across the river. 我能游过这条河。 I'm sorry that I wasn't able to call you yesterday. 我很抱歉昨天没能给你打电话。 6. Abroad adv.在国外，到国外n.外国 We go abroad every summer. 我们每年夏天都出国。 Is your uncle still abroad? 你叔叔还在国外吗？ He will go abroad in August. 他将在八月份出国。 I plan to go abroad in November. 我计划11月出国。 He's currently abroad on business. 他目前在国外出差。 7. Absence n.缺席，缺勤，不在 He was repeated absences from work. 他经常旷工。 The decision was made in my absence. 这个决定是在我不在的时候做出的。 I don't know the reason for her absence. 我不知道她缺席的原因。 He revealed the real reason for his absence. 他说出了缺席的真正原因。 8. Absent adj.缺勤的，缺席的 v.缺席，离开 Why were you absent yesterday? 你昨天为什么缺席? He is often absent from school. 他经常缺课。 He was absent because of illness. 他因病缺席。 She has been absent since last Wednesday. 她从上星期三就没来过。 How long has she been absent from school? 她缺课多久了？ 9. Absolute adj.完全的，纯粹的；绝对的 I have absolute trust in her. 我绝对信任她。 What you said is absolute nonsense. 你说的话完全是胡说八道。 I think what he says is absolute rubbish. 我认为他说的绝对是废话。 I need absolute silence when I'm working. 我工作时需要绝对的安静。 'You're wrong', she said with absolute certainty. “你错了，”她绝对肯定地说。 10. Absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；确实地 It's absolutely impossible. 这是绝对不可能的。 Yes. You're absolutely right. 是的。你是绝对正确的。 She has absolutely no enemies. 她绝对没有敌人。 That's absolutely unacceptable. 这是绝对不可接受的。 It's absolutely impossible to do so. 这是绝对不可能的。

词汇提示 1.tropical 热带的 2.dense 茂密的 3.immense 巨大的 4.circumstance 周长 5.shrubs 灌木 6.ferns 蕨类 7.erosion 侵蚀 原文 North America's Rain forest When people think of rain forests, they usually think of the tropical jungle. But heavy rain can also produce dense forests in temperate areas. Along the northwest coast of North America, there are some of the largest trees in the world. This forest runs along the Pacific Coast from Alaska down to northern California. About half of it is in British Columbia, Canada. Several species of trees grow to an immense size. Some grow up to 95 meters (312 feet) high, and 12 meters (40 feet) in circumference. They may be as much as 1,000 years old. Because the trees are so tall, the forest has various levels of growth. Small plants attach themselves to the tall trees and may form a kind of garden in the air. Closer to the ground are shrubs and bushes. Along the ground are moss, ferns, berries and other plants. These old forests have developed over several thousand years. This old forest has several special features. Some of the dead tall trees remain standing and become homes for insects, birds and small animals. Trees that fall to the ground can become "nurse logs" for new plants ortrees to grow on. Trees that fall across rivers and streams can provide natural dams, which provide quiet water for animals to live in. In recent years, it has become common for logging companies to"clear-cut" this old forest. To clear-cut a forest means to go into a section of forest with heavy machinery and cut down every tree. Sometimes,these "clear-cuts" are as large as some European countries. Logging companies are doing this because it is a cheap method of logging. The problem is that when an old forest is cut, it does not grow back again. Even with replanting, companies produce a tree farm, not an old forest. The complexity of an old forest, which grew over thousands of years, is lost forever. The old forest can shelter many kinds of birds, mammals, fish and plants that replanted forest cannot. Another issue is that companies are cutting more and more old forests because they haven't done enough replanting. As long as governments have been willing to let companies cut old forests, neither logging companies nor governments have been much motivated to replant the forests. As a result, most of the old forest has been cut down and continues to be cut at a rapid rate. This situation has also worsened because new technology allows more rapid logging. Clear-cut logging results in erosion, which, in turn, damages the quality of rivers and streams. Animals like grizzly bears, elk and deer are harmed by the loss of habitat. Likewise,birds that nest in the old forest, such as bald eagles, owls, woodpeckers and various seabirds are being threatened. Recently,public interest in the old rain forests has resulted in an increase in tourism. People come to see these spectacular trees and the many plants and animals that depend on them. We hope that these unique temperate rain forests will remain for many more generations to enjoy. 翻译 北美雨林 当人们想到雨林时，他们通常会想到热带丛林。 但是大雨也可以在温带地区产生茂密的森林。 沿着北美西北海岸，有一些世界上最大的树木。 这片森林沿着太平洋海岸从阿拉斯加一直延伸到加利福尼亚北部。 其中大约一半在加拿大的不列颠哥伦比亚省。 有几种树长得很大。 有些长到95米(312英尺)高，周长12米(40英尺)。 它们可能有1000年的历史。 因为树木很高，森林有不同的生长水平。 小植物附着在高大的树上，可能在空中形成一种花园。 靠近地面的是灌木和矮树丛。 地上长着苔藓、蕨类植物、浆果和其他植物。 这些古老的森林已经发展了几千年。 这片古老的森林有几个特点。 一些死去的高大树木仍然屹立着，成为昆虫、鸟类和小动物的家园。 倒在地上的树木可以成为“看护原木”，供新植物或树木生长。 倒在河流和溪流上的树木可以形成天然水坝，为动物提供安静的水。 近年来，伐木公司“砍伐”这片古老的森林已变得司空见惯。 “砍伐森林”就是用重型机械进入一片森林，把每一棵树都砍倒。 有时，这些“完全砍伐”的土地和一些欧洲国家一样大。 伐木公司之所以这么做，是因为这是一种廉价的伐木方法。 问题是，当老森林被砍伐后，它就不会再长出来了。 即使重新种植，公司生产的也是一个树木农场，而不是一个古老的森林。 历经数千年生长的古老森林的复杂性永远消失了。 古老的森林可以庇护许多种鸟类、哺乳动物、鱼类和植物，而重新种植的森林却不能。 另一个问题是，公司正在砍伐越来越多的老森林，因为他们没有做足够的重新种植。 只要政府愿意让公司砍伐老森林，伐木公司和政府都不会有太多动力去重新种植森林。 因此，大部分的老森林已经被砍伐，并继续以快速的速度被砍伐。 由于新技术允许更快速的记录，这种情况也变得更糟。 滥砍滥伐造成水土流失，进而破坏河川水质。 像灰熊、麋鹿和鹿这样的动物受到栖息地丧失的伤害。 同样，在老森林里筑巢的鸟类，如秃鹰、猫头鹰、啄木鸟和各种海鸟也受到威胁。 最近，公众对古老雨林的兴趣导致了旅游业的增长。 人们来看这些壮观的树木和依赖它们的许多植物和动物。 我们希望这些独特的温带雨林将保留下来，让更多的世代享用。

Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe 原文 Chapter Four: A new life on an island when When day came, the sea was quiet again. I looked for our ship and, to my surprise, it was still there and still in one piece. 'I think I can swim to it,' I said to myself. So I walked down to the sea and before long, I was at the ship and was swimming round it. But how could I get on to it? In the end, I got in through a hole in the side, but it wasn't easy. There was a lot of water in the ship, but the sand under the sea was still holding the ship in one place. The back of the ship was high out of the water, and I was very thankful for this because all the ship's food was there. I was very hungry so I began to eat something at once. Then I decided to take some of it back to the shore with me. But how could I get it there? I looked around the ship, and after a few minutes, I found some long pieces of wood. I tied them together with rope. Then I got the things that I wanted from the ship. There was a big box of food - rice, and salted meat, and hard ship's bread. I also took many strong knives and other tools, the ship's sails and ropes, paper, pens, books, and seven guns. Now I needed a little sail from the ship, and then I was ready. Slowly and carefully, I went back to the shore. It was difficult to stop my things from falling into the sea, but in the end I got everything on to the shore. Now I needed somewhere to keep my things. There were some hills around me, so I decided to build myself a little house on one of them. I walked to the top of the highest hill and looked down. I was very unhappy, because I saw then that I was on an island. There were two smaller islands a few miles away, and after that, only the sea. Just the sea, for mile after mile after mile. After a time, I found a little cave in the side of a hill. In front of it, there was a good place to make a home. So, I used the ship's sails, rope, and pieces of wood, and after a lot of hard work I had a very fine tent. The cave at the back of my tent was a good place to keep my food, and so I called it my 'kitchen'. That night, I went to sleep in my new home. The next day I thought about the possible dangers on the island. Were there wild animals, and perhaps wild people too, on my island? I didn't know, but I was very afraid. So I decided to build a very strong fence. I cut down young trees and put them in the ground, in a half circle around the front of my tent. I used many of the ship's ropes too, and in the end my fence was as strong as a stone wall. Nobody could get over it, through it, or round it. Making tents and building fences is hard work. I needed many tools to help me. So I decided to go back to the ship again, and get some more things. I went back twelve times, but soon after my twelfth visit, there was another terrible storm. The next morning, when I looked out to sea, there was no ship. When I saw that, I was very unhappy. 'Why am I alive, and why are all my friends dead?' I asked myself. 'What will happen to me now, alone on this island without friends? How can I ever escape from it?' Then I told myself that I was lucky - lucky to be alive, lucky to have food and tools, lucky to be young and strong. But I knew that my island was somewhere off the coast of South America. Ships did not often come down this coast, and I said to myself, 'I'm going to be on this island for a longtime.' So, on a long piece of wood, I cut these words: I CAME HERE ON 30TH SEPTEMBER 1659 After that, I decided to make a cut for each day.

提示 一、每期五个句子，均是从四六级听力真题中选取的长难句。 二、每个句子念三遍女声，一遍男声，再一遍女声。 三、如果觉得语速过快，可以在播放器上调慢语速，多听几遍。 原文 196. Thanks to the International Space Station we know quite a bit about the effects of low gravity on the human body, but NASA scientists want to learn more. 多亏了国际空间站，我们对低重力对人体的影响有了一些了解，但美国宇航局的科学家们还想了解更多。 197. According to England's Hospital Episode Statistics, children aged one to four were the most likely to need help from doctors fora foreign object in their nose. 根据英格兰医院的统计数据，1到4岁的儿童最有可能因为鼻子里的异物而需要医生的帮助。 198. Ducks are birds that feed and breed in areas where there is a lot of water, but their habitats have been shrinking in recent decades because of the droughts. 鸭子是在水资源丰富的地方觅食和繁殖的鸟类，但近几十年来，由于干早，它们的栖息地一直在缩小。 199. In 2015, two Italian companies collaborated on the construction of a similar type of spacecraft, which was the first coffee machine designed for use in space. 2015年，两家意大利公司合作建造了类似类型的太空飞船，这是第一台为应用于太空而设计的咖啡机。 200. The review concluded that on average runners live 3 years longer than non-runners, and that running does more to extend life than any other form of exercise. 该研究综述总结说，跑步者的平均寿命比非跑步者的寿命长了3年，跑步比其他任何形式的运动都更能延长寿命。

听前提示 一、三遍英文，一遍中文，再一遍英文。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 原文 81. Prices are double what they were two years ago. 价格是两年前的两倍。 82. After a couple of drinks, the guy was feeling no pain. 喝了几杯酒后，这个家伙就感觉不痛了。 83. You must be at the station by 5o'clock. 五点以前你必须在车站。 84. This is the house I lived in when I was young. 这是我年轻时候住的房子。 85. A rabbit has long ears and a short tail. 兔子长着长耳朵和短尾巴。 86. He should apologize for being rude to the guests. 他应该为自己对客人的粗鲁无礼而道歉。 87. I remember my mother teaching me the alphabet. 我记得我母亲教我认字。 88. There are not many books on these shelves. 这些书架上没有很多书。 89. A blast of cold air swept through the house. 一阵冷空气刮过整栋房子。 90. After you have read it, give the book back to me. 在你读完后，把书还给我。

词汇提示 1.mutiny 兵变 2.harsh 严厉地 3.cramped 狭窄的 4.veteran老兵 5.marine 海军陆战队员 6.commissioned 受委托的 7.turmoil 动乱的 8.complexion 肤色 9.seized 夺取 10.tyrant 暴君 11.tactful 圆滑的 12.controversy 争论 原文 Mutiny!! Mutiny is a word that has brought fear to the most powerful empires in the world. Mutiny is when soldiers and sailors refuse to obey their commanders, often killing or imprisoning them. Mutiny can spread through whole armies and navies, throwing governments into crisis. No wonder that nations have always taken harsh measures to punish mutinous leaders. The ancient Romans executed every tenth man from an army unit that had mutinied. However,one of history's most famous mutinies did not happen to a whole army or navy, it happened on a single small ship, H.M.S. Bounty. H. M.S. Bounty set sail from England in December 1787. It was a small cramped vessel, uncomfortable during a long voyage. Its goal was to sail to the South Pacific and bring back Tahitian breadfruit plants. The government hoped that breadfruit would provide a cheap food for black slaves in the British West Indies. The captain of the Bounty was William Bligh, a veteran of many voyages. His crew, however, was largely made up of inexperienced young men. There was no room on the ship for soldiers or marines, so Bligh, as the only commissioned officer, had the difficult task of maintaining order. Many of the sailors established relationships with island women. Meanwhile,the collection of breadfruit plants for the homeward voyage continued. In April 1789, Captain Bligh decided that it was time to return to England. The breadfruit plants were loaded on the deck, making the ship cramped indeed. The Bounty set sail and would no doubt have reached England again, except for the turmoil in the mind of one of its young officers. Fletcher Christian was 24 years old, of dark complexion, and from a good family. As the Bounty pulled further from Tahiti, Fletcher seemed to have decided that he didn't want to return to England. Tahiti had been an earthly paradise, and now long months of discomfort aboard ship awaited him. He was too far from Tahiti to return by himself. On April 28, 1789, some of Fletcher Christian's friends seized control of the ship. Captain Bligh and eighteen sailors who supported him were put in a small open boat with limited food and water. Meanwhile,Christian and his 24 followers sailed back to Tahiti. Eventually,Fletcher Christian would sail the Bounty to the uninhabited Pitcairn Islands,far to the south of the shipping lanes. Meanwhile,Bligh and his loyal followers sailed in their open boat almost the width of the Pacific Ocean. They suffered from thirst, hunger and sickness, as well as hostile natives. Finally,they reached Timor in Indonesia in June and eventually made their way to the capital, Batavia. When they returned to England, Captain Bligh was first greeted as a hero. Soon,however, public attitudes changed. The legend began that Bligh was a cruel tyrant who had caused the mutiny by harsh treatment of his men. Although Bligh had a temper, and was not very tactful, this does not appear to be the whole story. In fact, it is the controversy over who is to blame for the mutiny - Bligh or Christian -that has kept the story alive for more than 200 years. 翻译 兵变! ! 叛变这个词让世界上最强大的帝国感到恐惧。 兵变是指士兵和水手拒绝服从他们的指挥官，通常会杀死或监禁他们。 兵变可以蔓延到整个陆军和海军，使政府陷入危机。 难怪各国总是采取严厉措施惩罚叛变的领导人。 古罗马人每十个叛变的士兵中就有一个被处死。 然而，历史上最著名的兵变之一并没有发生在整个陆军或海军身上，它发生在一艘小船上，英国皇家海军舰艇“赏金”号。 1787年12月，英国军舰“赏金”号从英国启航。 这是一艘窄小的船，在长途航行中很不舒服。 它的目标是航行到南太平洋，带回大溪地的面包果。 政府希望面包果能为英属西印度群岛的黑奴提供一种廉价的食物。 “赏金”号的船长是威廉·布莱，他参加过多次航行。 然而，他的船员大多是没有经验的年轻人。 船上没有士兵或海军陆战队员的位置，所以布莱作为唯一的军官，承担着维持秩序的艰巨任务。 许多水手与岛上的妇女建立了关系。 与此同时，为返航收集面包果的工作仍在继续。 1789年4月，布莱船长决定是时候回到英国了。 面包果栽在甲板上，把船挤得很挤。 “赏金”号启航了，如果不是船上一位年轻军官脑子里的混乱，它无疑又要到达英国了。 弗莱彻·克里斯蒂安24岁，肤色黝黑，出身名门。 随着“赏金号”离塔希提岛越来越远，弗莱彻似乎已经决定不回英国了。 塔希提岛曾经是人间天堂，现在等待他的是船上漫长数月的不适。 他离塔希提岛太远了，不可能一个人回去。 1789年4月28日，弗莱彻·克里斯蒂安的一些朋友控制了这艘船。 布莱船长和支持他的18名水手被安置在一艘小船上，食物和水都很有限。 与此同时，克里斯蒂安和他的24名追随者乘船返回塔希提岛。 最终，弗莱彻·克里斯蒂安将“赏金”号驶向无人居住的皮特凯恩群岛，那里离航道很远。 与此同时，布莱和他的忠实追随者们驾着他们的敞舱船航行了几乎整个太平洋。 他们饱受干渴、饥饿和疾病的折磨，还有充满敌意的当地人。 最后，他们在六月到达了印度尼西亚的帝汶岛，并最终到达了首都巴达维亚。 当他们回到英国时，布莱船长首先受到了英雄般的欢迎。 然而，公众的态度很快就改变了。 传说布莱是一个残酷的暴君，他残酷地对待他的部下，引起了这场兵变。 虽然布莱脾气暴躁，而且不太圆滑，但这似乎并不是事情的全部。 事实上，是关于谁应该为兵变负责的争论——布莱还是克里斯蒂安——使这个故事流传了200多年。

Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe 词汇提示 1.shipwreck 沉船 原文 ChapterThree: The storm and the shipwreck. Istayed in Brazil and worked hard for some years. By thenI was rich .... but also bored. Oneday some friends came to me and said, 'We're going to Africa to do business.Why don't you come with us? We'll all be rich after this journey!' Howstupid I was! I had an easy, comfortable life in Brazil, but, of course, Iagreed. Andso, in 1659, I went to sea again. Atfirst, all went well, but then there was a terrible storm. Fortwelve days the wind and the rain didn't stop. Welost three men in the sea, and soon the ship had holes in its sides. We'reall going to die this time. I said to myself. Thenone morning, one of the sailors saw land, but the next minute, our ship hitsome sand just under the sea. Theship could not move and we were really in danger now. Thesea was trying to break the ship into pieces, and we had very little time. Quickly,we put a boat into the sea and got off the ship. Butthe sea was very rough and our little boat could not live for long in that wildwater. Halfan hour later, the angry sea turned our boat over and we were all in the water. Ilooked round for my friends, but I could see nobody. I wasalone. Thatday I was lucky, and the sea carried me to the shore. Icould not see the land, only mountains of water all around me. Thensuddenly I felt the ground under my feet. Anothermountain of water came pushed me up the beach, and I fell on the wet sand Atfirst, I was very thankful to be alive. Slowly,I got to my feet and went higher up the shore. Fromthere, I looked out to sea. Icould see our ship, but it was wrecked and there was nobody near it. Therewas nobody in the water. Allmy friends were dead. I wasalive, but in a strange wild country, with no food, no water, and no gun. Itwas dark now and I was tired. I wasafraid to sleep on the shore. Perhapsthere were wild animals there. So Iwent up into a tree and I stayed there all night.

提示 一、每期五个句子，均是从四六级听力真题中选取的长难句。 二、每个句子念三遍女声，一遍男声，再一遍女声。 三、如果觉得语速过快，可以在播放器上调慢语速，多听几遍。 原文 191. To that end, they have been studying how other species deal with low gravity, specifically focusing on mice. The results are both interesting and humorous. 为此，他们一直在研究其他物种如何应对低重力，尤其是老鼠。结果既有趣又搞笑。 192. The 77-pound giant pearl that he had kept hidden in his rundown wooden house was the biggest pearl in the world, which was valued at 76 million pounds. 他藏在破旧的木屋里的这颗重77磅的巨型珍珠是世界上最大的珍珠，价值7600万英镑。 193. The most annoying one for Cafe owners must truly be those, usually only two of them, who occupy a table for six with their laptops and paperwork. 对咖啡厅老板来说，最令人讨厌的肯定是那种一般就两个人，却要用笔记本和资料独占一张六人桌的顾客。 194. Some applaud the policy as fair, because it rewards both individuals who maintain a healthy weight and those who are working towards achieving it. 一些人称赞这项政策很公平，因为它既奖励了那些保持健康体重的人，也奖励了那些正在为健康体重努力的人。 195. Christine also believes the video obtained from the shop shows the dog being stolen by a man before driving off in a car, which had been waiting nearby. 克里斯蒂娜还认为，从商店获得的视频显示，一名男子偷走她的狗后驾车离开，这辆车一直在附近等候。

听前提示 一、三遍英文，一遍中文，再一遍英文。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 原文 71. We were astonished to hear what had happened. 我们听到所发生的事，感到很惊讶。 72. I have to go shopping. I'll be back in an hour. 我该去买东西了，我一小时后回来。 73. He said he was tired, so he would go home early. 他说他累了，所以他想早点回家。 74. The man sitting next to me spoke to me. 坐在我旁边的男人跟我说话了。 75. He is going to be a doctor when he grows up. 他长大了会成为一名医生。 76. They awarded her first prize at the flower show. 他们在花展上授予了她一等奖。 77. The end does not always justify the means. 为了正当目的并非总是可以不择手段. 78. He couldn't stand the bitterness of the coffee. 他受不了咖啡的苦味。 79. I knocked on the door, but nobody answered. 我敲门，但是没有人回应。 80. Judging from the look of the sky, it may rain this afternoon. 从天色上判断，今天下午可能会下雨。

词汇提示 1.scarce 稀缺的 2.stumps 树桩 3.log cabin 原木小屋 4.wagon 马车 5.prairie 草原 6.hauled 拖 7.creek 小溪 8.skunk 臭鼬 9.malaria 疟疾 原文 Little House on the Prairie Much of the history of North America is about how Europeans moved westward from the Atlantic Coast towards the Pacific. The first settlements began around 1600, and it was a long time before the Europeans settled the interior. By the late 18th century, however, good farm land along the East Coast was becoming scarce. As the population increased, people began thinking about all the native Indian lands. Further inland, families were quite large in pioneer days, and the oldest son usually inherited the family farm. This meant that other sons and daughters would have to move away when their parents died. Often the sons would want to begin their own farm and start their own family, but if there was no farmland available, or if it was too expensive to buy, they were out of luck. One option was to move west, where land was free or very cheap. Sometimes the whole family might move if their old farm was no longer productive. Sometimes the old farm was on poor soil, or too much farming had exhausted the soil. Perhaps better land could be had further west. There were other reasons for moving west. Pioneer settlers depended on wild birds, fish and wild animals for food, furs and skins for clothing and trading, and trees for building materials. These things had become scarce in old settled areas out west. There were lots of animals to hunt for food, and animal skins could be traded for supplies. It seemed that it was easier to make a living on the frontier. Of course, there were some problems regarding moving west. Various American Indian tribes, who might fight to defend their land, occupied the land. Then the land needed to be cleared of trees and stumps before it could be planted. Log cabin and other buildings had to be built. A well had to be dug or a spring of water found. Settlers might also suffer because there were no doctors or teachers or stores available. These things, though, often did follow closely behind the first Settlers. Series of little house books, written by Laura Ingles Wilder tells the story of her pioneer family, the Angles family moved many times while Laura was a little girl. She was born in Wisconsin in 1867; her family moved next year to Missouri; then they moved to Kansas in 1869; the Ingalls moved back to Wisconsin in 1871;they moved to Minnesota in 1874; her family went to Iowa in 1876; then back to Minnesota in 1877. Finally, they move to dismiss South Dakota in 1879, and there the family remained. All these moves were typical for a pioneer family, always on the lookout for better land and other opportunities. But all these moves involved very hard work, all of which seemed all lost when the family had to move again. For example, when Laura's parents moved to the Kansas Prairie in 1869, they had many hardships. The family put all their belongings in a covered wagon, which measured four feet by ten feet. Two horses pulled it, and the family dog followed along. Laura and her sister Mary were very little girls. The family and their wagon were nearly washed away trying to cross a small river. They traveled through wild, tall grass where there were no roads. Laura's father built a house on the open prairie with logs he had hauled from the creek bottoms. One of the nearby settlers helped him. They also built a log stable for the horses. That was a good thing, because the next night, their little house was surrounded by a pack of 50 large wolves. They formed a large circle around the house and howled all night. One day, while Laura's father was away, two Indians visited the house. They wanted Laura's mother to feed them, and stood silent while the food was cooking. The Indians wore only fresh skunk skins as clothing. After the Indians had eaten all the food, they left. The following spring, there was a large gathering of Indian tribes. Most of them wanted to fight the settlers. For many nights, the sounds of Indian drums frightened the settlers. One tribe opposed the plan, and finally the gathering broke up and the Indians went away. Many other problems faced to the Ingos family. These included bad weather, prairie grass, fires and malaria. The worst part was having to leave their new homes. The government decided that Laura's family was living on Indian land and would have to move. So the covered wagon was packed again, and the family traveled north. Such experiences were not unusual for pioneers in the 19th century. 翻译 草原上的小房子 北美的大部分历史都是关于欧洲人如何从大西洋海岸向西迁移到太平洋。 第一个定居点大约在1600年开始，在欧洲人定居内陆之前有很长一段时间。 然而，到了18世纪晚期，东海岸的良田变得稀少了。 随着人口的增长，人们开始考虑所有印第安原住民的土地。 在更远的内陆地区，拓荒者时代的家庭规模很大，长子通常会继承家族的农场。 这意味着当他们的父母去世时，其他的儿子和女儿将不得不搬走。 通常，儿子们会想要开始自己的农场，建立自己的家庭，但如果没有可用的农田，或者如果购买土地太贵，他们就不走运了。 一个选择是搬到西部，那里的土地是免费或非常便宜的。 有时，如果他们的旧农场不再多产，整个家庭可能会搬家。 有时，老农场的土壤很贫瘠，或者过度的耕种已经耗尽了土壤。 也许更西部的地方有更好的土地。 迁往西部还有其他原因。 拓荒者以野生鸟类、鱼类和野生动物为食，以毛皮和毛皮为衣和贸易，以树木为建筑材料。 这些东西在西部古老的定居地区已经变得稀缺。 有很多动物可以猎取食物，动物的皮可以用来交换生活用品。 在边疆上谋生似乎比较容易。 当然，向西迁移也存在一些问题。 为了保卫自己的土地，许多美洲印第安部落占领了这片土地。 然后，在种植之前，需要清除土地上的树木和树桩。 人们不得不建造小木屋和其他建筑。 必须挖一口井或找到一口泉水。 定居者也可能因为没有医生、教师或商店而受苦。 然而，这些东西往往紧跟在第一批定居者之后。 劳拉·英格尔斯·怀尔德写的一系列家庭读物讲述了她的拓荒者家庭的故事，当劳拉还是个小女孩的时候，盎格鲁一家搬家了很多次。 她于1867年出生在威斯康星州;第二年，她的家人搬到了密苏里州;1869年，他们搬到了堪萨斯州;1871年英格尔一家搬回威斯康辛州;1874年，他们搬到了明尼苏达州;1876年，她的家人去了爱荷华州;然后在1877年回到明尼苏达。 最后，他们在1879年搬到南达科他，他们一家就留在了那里。 所有这些举动都是拓荒者家庭的典型特征，他们总是在寻找更好的土地和其他机会。 但所有这些搬家都需要非常辛苦的工作，当全家不得不再次搬家时，所有这些工作似乎都失去了。 例如，当劳拉的父母在1869年搬到堪萨斯大草原时，他们遇到了很多困难。 这家人把他们所有的东西都放在一辆四英尺乘十英尺的有篷马车里。 两匹马拉着它，家里的狗跟在后面。 劳拉和她的妹妹玛丽都是很小的女孩。 一家人和他们的马车在过河时差点被冲走。 他们在没有路的荒草中穿行。 劳拉的父亲在开阔的草原上用从河底拖来的原木盖了一座房子。 附近的一个移民帮助了他。 他们还为马建了一个用木头做的马厩。 这是件好事，因为第二天晚上，他们的小房子被一群50只大狼包围了。 他们在房子周围围成一个大圈，嚎叫了一整夜。 一天，劳拉的父亲不在家，两个印第安人来拜访她。 他们想让劳拉的妈妈给他们食物，在做饭的时候静静地站着。 印第安人只穿新鲜的臭鼬皮做衣服。 印第安人吃完所有的食物后，他们离开了。 第二年春天，印第安部落举行了一次大型集会。 他们中的大多数人都想与殖民者作战。 许多个夜晚，印第安人的鼓声吓坏了定居者。 一个部落反对这个计划，最后集会破裂，印第安人离开了。 盎格鲁一家还面临许多其他问题。 其中包括恶劣天气、草原草、火灾和疟疾。 最糟糕的是不得不离开他们的新家。 政府认为劳拉一家住在印第安人的土地上，必须搬家。 于是，马车又收拾好了东西，一家人向北旅行。 这样的经历对19世纪的拓荒者来说并不罕见。

Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe 词汇提示 1.leopards 豹子 原文 Chapter Two: Down the coast of Africa For two long years I lived the life of a slave. I worked in the house and the garden, and every day I planned to escape, but it was never possible. I thought about it day and night. My master liked to go fishing in a little boat, and he always took me with him. A man called Moely, and a young boy also went with us. One day my master said to us, 'Some of my friends want to go fishing tomorrow. Get the boat ready.' So we put a lot of food and drink on the boat, and the next morning, we waited for my master and his friends. But when my master arrived, he was alone. 'My friends don't want to go fishing today,' he said to me. 'But you go with Moely and the boy, and catch some fish for our supper tonight.' 'Yes, master,' I answered quietly, but inside I was excited. 'Perhaps now I can escape, 'I said to myself. My master went back to his friends and we took the boat out to sea. For a time we fished quietly, and then I moved carefully behind Moely and knocked him into the water. 'Swim!' I cried. 'Swim to the shore!' My master liked to shoot sea birds and so there were guns on the boat. Quickly, I took one of these guns. Moely was swimming after the boat and I shouted to him: 'Go back to the shore! You can swim there - it's not too far. I won't hurt you, but if you come near the boat, I'll shoot you through the head!' So Moely turned, and swam back to the shore as quickly as he could. Then I said to the boy, ' Xury, if you help me, I'll be a good friend to you. If you don't help me, I'll push you into the sea too.' But Xury was happy to help me. 'I'll go all over the world with you,' he cried. I wanted to sail to the Canary Islands, but I was afraid to go too far from the shore. It was only a small boat. And so we sailed on south for some days. We had very little water, and it was dangerous country here, with many wild animals. We were afraid, but we often had to go on shore to get more water. Once I used a gun to shoot a wild animal. I don't know what animal it was, but it made a good meal. For about ten or twelve days we sailed on south, down the coast of Africa. Perhaps white people never visited this coast. Thenone day we saw some people on the shore -strange, wild people, who did not lookfriendly. By nowwe had very little food, and we really needed help. Wewere afraid, but we had to go on shore. At first,they were afraid of us, too. We did not speak their language, of course, so we used our hands and faces to show that we were hungry. They came with food for us, but then they moved away quickly. We carried the food to our boat, and they watched us. I tried to thank them, but I had nothing to give them. Just then two big wild cats came down to the shore from the mountains. I think they were leopards. The people were afraid of these wild cats, and the women cried out. Quickly, I took a gun, and shot one of the animals. The second wild cat ran back up into the mountains. Guns were new to these African people, and they were afraid of the loud noise and the smoke. But they were happy about the dead wild cat. I gave them the meat of the dead animal, and they gave us more food and water. We now had a lot of food and water, and we sailed on. Eleven days later, we came near the Cape Verde Islands. We could see them, but we couldn't get near because there was no wind. We waited. Suddenly Xury called to me, 'Look, a ship!' He was right! We called and shouted and sailed our little boat as fast as we could. But the ship did not see us. Then I remembered the guns which made a lot of smoke. A few minutes later the ship saw us and turned. When we were on the ship, the Portuguese captain listened to my story. He was going to Brazil and agreed to help me, but he wanted nothing for his help. 'No, 'he said, when I tried to pay him. 'Perhaps, one day, someone will help me when I need it.' But he gave me money for my boat, and for Xury, too. At first, I did not want to sell Xury as a slave, after all our dangerous adventures together. But Xury was happy to go to the captain, and the captain was a good man. 'In ten years' time, 'he said, 'Xury can go free.' When we arrived in Brazil three weeks later, I said goodbye to the captain and Xury, left the ship, and went to begin a new life.

提示 一、每期五个句子，均是从四六级听力真题中选取的长难句。 二、每个句子念三遍女声，一遍男声，再一遍女声。 三、如果觉得语速过快，可以在播放器上调慢语速，多听几遍。 原文 186. Owners defined as individuals with high levels of anxiety, fear, anger, depression, and loneliness were more likely to have cats with behavioral issues. 那些被确定为重度焦虑、恐惧、愤怒、抑郁和孤独的人养的猫更有可能存在行为问题。 187. Studies in recent years show that left-handed children are more likely to suffer with learning difficulties, and their scores are lower on lQ tests. 近年来的研究表明，左撇子儿童更容易出现学习困难的问题，他们在智商测试中的得分也更低。 188. A new study carried out by the University of Lincoln has found a link between the personalities of cat owners and the behavior and wellbeing of their cats. 林肯大学进行的一项新研究发现，猫主人的性格与猫的行为和健康之间存在关联。 189. And I guess with fewer places to inhabit, they concentrate in great numbers in few areas, which surely makes them easier targets for the hunters. 那么我猜，由于栖息地越来越少，它们就会大量集中在少数地区，这无疑会使它们更容易成为猎人的目标。 190. But if gravity is removed, the beans float around and in a heated oven, receive 360degrees of evenly distributed heat and roast to near perfection. 但如果去掉重力，咖啡豆就会漂浮在加热的烤箱里，接受360度均匀分布的热量，烤得近乎完美。