Okay. I'm just gonna be quite difficult and say what if I were your students and I write an answer that you really personally do not agree with, what happens then? You just mark, you based on the rubric, students have… there's a rubric like and… did you hit those points on the rubric? Yes, you did, you get the points. My opinion doesn't matter. I don't share my opinion with my students. Kelly Roell what is a rubric? I see. Rubric is something I guess a lot of our audience if they don't teach, they probably don't really use that word very often. Rubric is kind of just like a marking like grading standard. Yes. It's just a grading chart, so it just what are the things that teachers grading you on. And like, what does an outstanding look like？What does a good look like？What does fair and neat work…it's just highlighting, it's like what you did is like, did you hit these things? Did you do these things？ I see, actually very interesting that you mentioned how you grade. Is it a point-based system or is it ABC or is it? How do you grade your students in like exams or essay？ Like the grades I give them is a number. But the grade in the system is letter. Letter. I see, I see, are you a tough grader？ No, not really, although my students may disagree. Because in my class, they I mean, homework is graded as complete or incomplete, regardless of whether the answers are correct or not. Because I want to see that do you understand it？Are you putting an effort？Are you trying? You are, okay, you get full points in that. Projects and quizzes are graded more strictly. I see, apart from these subjects, the major subjects like you said, like Chinese, English, Math, maybe Science, History, what are the sort of more, let's say extracurricular things or perhaps more the artsy, sporty things, do you have that offered？I'm sure you do, but what kind of things do you offer to your students at the school？ At this school I work at, there is music programs, art programs, technology programs, a very robust science program. So we have different programs available for students who have different interests, who plan on going into different areas when they finish school. So it's not all just academic. You learn Math, History, English, Chinese. So there's a lot of other things and all students every student at the school has to take arts, all students have to take some kind of performing art. All students have to take… Like drama? Yeah. Other performing art could be drama, this could be singing, this could be band, it's required for all students here. Do you have like design classes because I think that's very popular right in a lot of private schools？ Yeah, we do have design classes. There's an in-depth design program that students can take part in. They can do arts, sculpting, graphic design. I think we also have clothing design. Fashion design? I think we do, I'm not entirely sure because I don't work in that department. Okay, sounds fantastic. But what about the students? I'm getting a bit gossipy here. We know a lot of these international, especially good international schools in Beijing or Shanghai, they're quite costly, in terms of tuition. So these students they are all from relatively well off families, I would imagine, what's their family backgrounds, based on your observation? In general, a lot of these parents tend to be business people. They run businesses, IT, things like that. Some of them got money through real estate, a lot of people they lived in China over the past 23 years. There are few kids that are children of professors from various schools, but in general, everyone here is upper middle class and higher, because the tuition is high. Money is definitely a thing, but it's also the education level. It's also how you are educated, like how you perceive the world. Because a lot of these what you were talking about, obviously they're preparing for these kids not really to take the college entrance examination in China; they

"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！ 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~" In today's Buzzword Mix, our buzzword is Mass Layoffs. If you're currently working, especially if you're working in tech industry, this early winter does not bring a lot of confidence. With tech giants like Twitter and Meta, firing employees on an unprecedented scale. 最近不管是马斯克还是小扎, 他们的这种大规模的裁员行为, 都让相关行业的小伙伴心惊肉跳. Everyone's asking who's the next? And you keep seeing this expression, mass layoffs popping up in the news. So in today's buzzword, let's talk about mass layoffs, 大规模裁员. To understand mass layoffs, first of all, we need to understand layoff. A layoff is the temporary or permanent termination of employment by an employer for reasons unrelated to the employee's performance. 一般layoff翻译成裁员或者下岗. You can say someone is laid off or you can use it as a noun and say a layoff. 根据具体情况, 它既可能是temporary, 暂时的; 也可能是permanent, 永久性的. 尽管在新闻里这回对于 Twitter和Meta裁员的新闻报道会用各种各样的词, 比如说firing, 比如说cuts, layoffs, but there's actually a distinct difference between firing someone and laying off someone. Usually an employee may be fired on the grounds of unsatisfactory performance or breach of duty. 一般我们说firing是说被炒了, 通常都是员工自己的问题, 比如说绩效达不到或者违反了公司的某些规定. But when employees are laid off, that usually is not because they did anything wrong, but the companies aim to cut costs due to decline in demand for their products or services or during an economic downturn. 而layoff的情况通常不是个体员工自己的问题, 而是公司运营不善, 经费不足, 或者遇到了经济大环境的影响, 必须得精简人员削减成本. That's why laid off employees are often entitled to a severance package. 因为不是员工自己的错, 导致layoff, 所以基本上按照相关法律, 他们都有权获得severance package遣散费, 也就是裁员赔偿, 平时我们说的n加几n乘几的那个. And they also qualify for unemployment insurance. From the company's point of view, layoffs are generally called downsizing or even smart sizing. 很多公司会用downsizing甚至smart sizing这样的词来形容规模性裁员. The reason is often because of an economic downturn or corporate restructuring, such as bankruptcy or buyout. 而它的原因除了经济大环境不景气, 还可能是各种 corporate restructuring 企业重组, 比如说破产重组或者是被收购.

【luluxjg2】 > 走进一代文豪笔下的精彩世界 > 体验莎翁剧作里的悲欢离合，嬉笑怒骂 > 深入解读时代背景，主题隐喻，搞懂文化梗 > 学习深远影响英语表达的“莎派”语言 > 听主播精彩飙戏，演绎经典片段 Drunk and standing up maybe in the rain. Now that sort of explains why a lot of the plotlines seem a bit overly dramatic. 我读莎士比亚的时候, 觉得他有的时候里面的语言超级夸张, 超级戏剧化. That's the only way you could keep their attention. Imagine Shakespeare's writing for group of normally men who have been drinking all day. If they didn't like the play, they will be more than happy to start throwing food and start fights. And back then remember that all men would carry a sword or dagger. Wow, 所以大家去想象莎士比亚那个剧最开始在莎士比亚还活着的时候上演的, 这种场景绝对不是我们今天这种很有文化的感觉, 而是当时很多老百姓站在底下, 然后也都喝醉了, 大部分都是男的, 他们如果看不到那种打斗或者很精彩的这种很dramatic的剧情就会往上丢东西. 我们现在只是说 boo就是嘘人家下台, 他们那时候直接就东西砸上去. I would say probably the closest equivalent is imagine being an actor and you’re performing in front of a group of gangsters who are very angry and very drunk. I see. so that probably would give you a better idea of how Shakespeare's plays were originally performed. Yes. Now back to our course, our album. How do we introduce his play in this course? 那可能很多小伙伴就想问, 刚才说的这么精彩, 让我也开始对莎士比亚的剧有点兴趣了. 在我们的莎士比亚扫盲班里，到底是怎么样分析这些剧的呢? Because we're assuming that you're not drunk or violent as you listen to our course, we're a little bit more gentle in introducing Shakespeare's plays than it used to be in the past. But we don't assume you know anything about it. That's right. We're gonna really break it down to you. First, starting with each play’s background. 首先我们是选了10部莎士比亚最有名或者是最有特点的剧, 不同时期的都有, 像大家都耳熟能详的, 比如说是Romeo and Juliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》, the Merchant of Venice《威尼斯商人》, 还有像Macbeth《麦克白》 都在里面. 首先我们会介绍background, 它的背景. Yeah, that's right. So we'll describe the background, and describe a little bit of the history as well. So for example, with Romeo and Juliet, we discuss what it would have been like for Elizabethan women or women during Shakespeare's time; And for the Merchant of Venice, we talk a little bit about the history of Venice, and also relationships with Jewish people. And then usually 安澜 will walk us through the plot line. 接着就是安澜带着我们走整个的故事线, 每次都很为难安澜, 因为这个剧都比较长, 安澜会用比较简单的语言给我们总结一下, 把这里面的情节, 我也会在旁边帮大家梳理所有这些人物和剧情. Yes, I will break down the plot. I'll try to keep it as simple as possible. I'll be focusing on the main plotlines, and making it as easy as possible for you to understand what the story is. 经常听我们节目的小伙伴都知道我们是英语占绝大部分. 不过在解释莎士比亚这个剧情的时候, 因为有很多的名字, 所以我也会适时的在中间补一些中文, 这样保证大家不迷路. 这个课程里面每一部剧我们都是分为上下集的, 上集讲完了这个故事和背景, 下集我们就会讲theme.

关注luluxjg2获取文稿啦~ Hi everyone, and welcome back to酒馆. Good news, we have another new course! Yeah! By the way, hi, 安澜. Hello. 我们的新专辑【莎士比亚扫盲班】, the Bluffer's Guide to Shakespeare上线了, 璐璐和安澜陪你走进莎士比亚十部最有名的戏剧, 解读文豪笔下的喜怒哀乐, 嬉笑怒骂, 让沙翁的戏剧不再遥远. I think the last time we did this was to introduce our course the Bluffer's Guide to Literature. 上一次和安澜录发刊词还是在录上一个专辑【英文名著扫盲班】. Yes, that's right. And as we were doing that course, we realized we didn't actually put any Shakespeare into that particular course. So I thought we should do one on Shakespeare. The Bluffer's Guide to Shakespeare. I think everyone has heard of Shakespeare even if they have never really read anything that he wrote. 就算你没有读过任何莎士比亚的东西, 但至少也知道莎士比亚这个人. Exactly. Famous all around. Pretty much. Do you guys actually have to read Shakespeare in school? Of course, pretty much in every English-speaking country, you have to study Shakespeare. When I was younger, I had to read, I think it was about two of his plays? and then when I went to college, before going to university, I also read another one of his plays as well. So a lot of the kids, even if they don't want to, they have to read Shakespeare. They have to read it, they have to do exams on Shakespeare. Yeah, I would say a lot of kids don't really like it. It is quite old-fashioned. But for me I personally loved it. I love Shakespeare. Well, put it this way, his works are the second most published in the English speaking world. 是英语世界里出版次数第二多的. What's the first? The Bible. Of course. I know the 3rd one is Agatha Christie. 第三名是阿加莎·克里斯蒂. That’s right. He wrote many plays and also poems. Yeah, he's famous for writing 37 plays and 154 sonnets. Sonnet就是14行诗，是一种特别的诗体. Yeah, it's a particular form of poetry. Because of his plays and also his poetry, he was regarded as a literary genius from the very moment he died. 中文里也把它叫做“文豪”, 这也是为什么很多时候我们听到说“莎翁”，这个就是对他的一个尊称. And he also was famously inventing a lot of words. That's right. It’s difficult to really calculate how many words he invented, but it's around 1,700. And some of the words you wouldn't imagine was invented by him, was actually invented by him, like ‘advertising’ was invented by Shakespeare. Yeah, luggage, gossip, and ... I'm a little bit confused about this myself, but apparently Shakespeare invented the word elbow. 就是一个肘部, 手肘, elbow. Gossip, 八卦这个词是莎士比亚创造的, 我能信. Yeah. This were obviously things that if you check online, you would find about him, the fact sheets. Who is Shakespeare? Shakespeare was born in April 1564 in a small town called Stratford-upon-Avon. That's why he was known as the Bard of Avon. That's right. Now Shakespeare's family was, I won't say wealthy, but they were kind of relatively well off, they had money. But when he was a child, his family actually lost a lot of that money, so he was unable to go to university even though that he went to the local school and learnt Latin. The two facts that I know about Shakespeare's personal life is, first of all, he married early and his wife's name is Anne Hathaway, 就是安妮·海瑟薇, 现在女演员的名字. Her parents probably got it from Shakespeare's wife. Pretty much. So he married Anne Hathaway when he was only 18. And Anne Hathaway was actually quite a bit older than him. 这也是姐弟恋的先锋. And also the other fact is one of his kids was actually named Hamlet or Hamnet, something like that. That's right. His only son was called Hamlet or Hamnet, both forms of the name were used back then. It was when he died that Shakespeare wrote his famous play Hamlet. So that's a bit of a sad story, background story. Now of course, everyone knows Shakespeare is a famous playwright, 他是一个非常伟大的剧作家, but he was actually acting himself. Well, yeah. There are quite a few plays where scholars think Shakespeare was playing maybe the lead or one of the supporting roles. His money came from writing plays,

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi, everyone. And welcome back to America Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话美国】. Actually, this is a special edition. Hi James. Hi, lulu, hi everyone, special edition. Why is it special? Yes, because instead of talking about American society, American life, today we are gonna talk about you. Me? Why would people want to hear about me? People, our audience they know you, they are interested in your life as well. Actually James just had a major, I would say, a major change in his life. Before he was teaching in university. And then recently you joined an international school in Beijing. Indeed I did, I have changed my jobs. I've gone from teaching college students to teaching middle schoolers at an international school. Okay. So first of all, congratulations on the new job. Thank you. But what is it like? Today I thought we would just invite James to share with us a little bit of… about his life in international school in Beijing which I'm assume… the thing is our audience, I think there are lots of parents as well, and then maybe there are also international school students. Can be. So this would be an interesting topic, a bit more personal touch to it. First of all, when did you make the move, like it was a month, 2 months ago? I started applying for the job earlier this year. I managed to land the job in May. And I began working for the school in August, so I've been teaching here for 2 months now. Ok, and you're fully settled there, right? Yeah, I've… Fully settled in. I moved out here and have been teaching and my life is… here now and I'm really comfortable where I am. Okay. First of all, you're in the outskirts of Beijing? I wouldn’t say it's the outskirts. It's right next to the outskirts. I see. It's a nice sort of natural surrounding. It's much better than us here, just the hustle and bustle. You've got mountains, you've got green, lots of greenery. Yeah, that's pretty common for a lot of international schools. They tend to get built more in the suburban areas of cities as there's more land available. Where my campus is, we got… were surrounded by mountains, parks, not… sadly does come with a few disadvantages. There aren't restaurants or supermarkets that are super close by. I see. Well, you can't have the cake and eat it too usually, it's the convenience or the quiet… right, it’s the quiet suburban life. I like the quiet. But let's talk about the school, let's talk about your work environment. So the people that you work with, are they mostly Chinese or mostly non-Chinese like the other teachers? It's actually 50:50, so my colleagues are a mix. And all of them, they come from all over the world, like I have a supervisor from Venezuela. I have colleagues that are from Pakistan, America, Australia, France, Mexico. And everyone is well educated. My Chinese colleagues have Masters Degrees from top universities. Everyone tends to be have education certificates or trained in education.

"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！ 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~" In today's Buzzword Mix, we're gonna talk about something more light-hearted. So the buzzword of the day is Plogging. P-l-o-g-g-i-n-g, haven't heard of it? it's understandable because this new word really has only been around for 5 or 6 years, and also it wasn't originally an English word. This word comes from Swedish. 这个词本来是瑞典语, 即使是在瑞典语里, 它也是一个拼接成的新词。 It's a combination of the Swedish verb “plocka upp”, which means “pick up”, 是瑞典语的捡起来, and “jogga ”, to jog, 和 “慢跑” 这两个词组成的新词, 瑞典语里是 “plogga”. But when it spreads around the world, especially getting into the English language, people just call it plogging. So what is plogging？ The idea is very simple. It's a combination of jogging and picking up litter. Litter means trash, rubbish. 中文把它翻译成 “拾荒慢跑”. It sounds a bit strange, doesn't it？ I know a lot of people in China also have the habit of jogging on a regular basis. Plogging simply takes advantage of jogging and other outdoor sports to pick up the litter that spoils our cities and natural spaces. 其实这个概念很好理解, 我知道很多小伙伴应该也有定期户外慢跑的习惯, 所以plogging就是在你慢跑的时候看到垃圾就随手捡来放在一个垃圾袋里, 然后集中处理, 相当于一边健身一边保护环境。 The idea of this sustainable initiative is simplicity itself. The participants or the ploggers take to the streets with rubbish bags to pick up the litter they come across while exercising. 而这些手拿垃圾袋一边慢跑运动, 一边捡垃圾保护环境的小可爱们就被叫做ploggers. The founder of this activity was Erik Ahlström, a Swedish guy who on leaving his hometown in 2016 to settle in Stockholm started to clean up the rubbish in the areas where he practiced his sport.

"英文小酒馆致力于打造沉浸式英语学习社群，无论是微信社群、有声节目、线上活动和课程，我们都全心全意为爱好英语的你带去一份专属于英语的快乐。公号: 【璐璐的英文小酒馆】 查音频节目文稿，了解广阔的世界。跟随我们的脚步，体会英语的温度。" Hi everyone, and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope Advanced. In our previous episode we confused you a lot with the idea of the British government and how our government is formed. Mhm. Thanks a lot for tuning into this episode where we’re probably going to try and confuse you even more. Hi, Lulu. Hi, Anlan. I'm sure I get thoroughly confused. So I have a question first. Yes. We were talking about the two houses. Now let's talk about the Prime Minister. Uh, yes. I always wondered, see, when you hear president or chairman, you know they're the top guy. Yeah. But Prime Minister, it’s prime ministers like top minister, which means he essentially is still a minister. Yeah. Or she. Yes, she or he. Sorry being unintentionally sexist, but he or she is still a Prime Minister. That's right. Is that where the word comes from? The idea is the Prime Minister is a First Among Equals, so the Prime Minister acts as the leader of the government in the name of the King. Uh, it’s the representative. Somewhat like a representative, but essentially the Prime Minister is acting within the blessing of the King or Queen. I see, and how long have you been having Prime Ministers? Since the 18th century. Originally, we had a Prime Minister because they were, I should say, representing the King, because we had a King, King George I, who was German and couldn't speak English. So the first Prime Minister was like a glorified translator? Uh, pretty much, Wow. George I and Robert Walpole, his name was Robert Walpole, the first Prime Minister, they had to speak in Latin, so because King George I couldn't learn English. He was a bit older at this time. They had a prime minister. I see. I see. Now the Prime Minister lives, as you all know, at No.10 Downing Street which is close to the government departments in White Hall and the Houses of Parliament. And what about those parliamentary debates that we constantly see on TV, sometimes get really heated and people were shouting, they're basically booing the Prime Minister. Oh, yeah. That is very traditional. Oh. What you're probably seeing is what we call Prime Minister's Question Time. Okay. Now Prime Minister's Question Time is when any MP can ask the Prime Minister a question and the Prime Minister has to defend their stance, or sometimes attack the stance of the Opposition, or the leader of the Opposition in particular. It looks brutal. It looks really… they look really aggressive, the people who are asking questions, the Opposition. Yeah.

"英文小酒馆致力于打造沉浸式英语学习社群，无论是微信社群、有声节目、线上活动和课程，我们都全心全意为爱好英语的你带去一份专属于英语的快乐。 公号: 【璐璐的英文小酒馆】 查音频节目文稿，了解广阔的世界。跟随我们的脚步，体会英语的温度。" Hi, everyone. And welcome back to Britain under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】. Hi, 安澜. Hi Lulu, hi everyone. 安澜, can I propose a topic today? Yeah, of course. You know I've been following up on the latest news in the UK, yeah. I think I know what topic you would propose. It looks a bit messy. It is very, very messy. And it's also quite difficult for people who are not British to really understand. So I thought it would be an interesting idea for us to actually talk about the government and the political system in the UK to give people just a general idea. Yeah, well, to be honest it’s confusing for us as well. But I think if you don't understand the British government and the British political system, it can get very, very confusing. So first things first, your political system is called君主立宪制, 叫constitutional monarchy. Yes, we have a monarch, we have a king. But the king's actual power isn't really that big, they have a lot of authority, they have a lot of influence, but no real political power, so political power goes to our government, our Parliament. All that I know about your government is that your government consists of two houses. 我就知道英国有上院和下院, 上院叫什么House of Lords. The House of Lords and the House of Commons. House of Commons. So there is no actual Constitution in the UK, is there? it’s not like in United States. No, unlike many countries, the UK doesn't actually have a constitution. Instead, it based on presidents. 我听过一个叫做constitutional conventions, 叫宪法惯例, 就是没有实际明文的宪法, 但是有宪法惯例. So for example, we would have one law and then the judges would decide on how to interpret that law, and then there might be another law, then another law, then another ruling, and eventually it builds up into just common practice. And this has been going on for centuries. So it's basically just referring back to how it was done before… And changing when it needs to be changed. But it wasn't always like that, was it? Like before at one time in your history, obviously, king or queen, the monarch did have actual power. Oh, yeah. I would say that was years and years and years ago because there's actually been some kind of parliament since the 13th century over 750 years ago, we had a few rather bad kings, so the nobles actually tried to limit their power. And the first attempt to doing this was the Magna Carta. Magna Carta meaning The Great Charter. The Great Charter. 中文翻译叫大宪章. The Magna Carta, which means “great charter” in Latin, was drawn up by English barons (nobles) and church leaders to limit the king’s power. In 1215 they forced the tyrannical King John to agree to the charter. The Magna Carta stated that the king must follow the law and could not simply rule as he wished. Yeah, so that was 1215, and you might hear British people talk about Magna Carta, but to be honest, not many people really understand what it was. It’s probably what you learned in history classes. But there are some very important things that were added to the Magna Carta including if you are convicted of a crime, you have the right to be judged by a jury. So let's bring it back to the actual political system. We talked about the two houses. 我们就来说说英国这个议会制度, 首先说上院 House of Lords, obviously, this consists of lords. Yes, so historically they were upper class lords, so they were the aristocracy, but nowadays it has slightly changed. There are around 700 lords and ladies, but most of them are what we call Life Peers. Life peers, I think I've heard of this翻译叫做 “终身贵族”, 听起来好像很高大上, but it actually means they are only nobleman or noble woman for their lifetime. Yeah, so they'll have the title for their lifetime, but their children won't have it. So this is the difference between what we call Hereditary Peers. 就是Life Peers实际上是不能世袭的, 像Hereditary Peers是可以父传子，子传孙这样的. Yeah 但是life peer… it's just…it’s not so elitist. The idea of having a

"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！ 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~" In today's Buzzword Mix, our buzzword is Crowd Crush. Now I know a lot of people are still in shock about the tragic incidents that happened in Seoul a few days ago. 其实关于Crowd Crush, 我第一时间就已经做了一个短视频, 但是短视频的篇幅实在有限, 很多事情都没有办法具体讲. So I thought I would devote this buzzword episode to the concept of Crowd Crush. Again, we're not a news podcast, we're not gonna comment on news. Instead, we're gonna focus on sharing information, information that hopefully you will find useful should you ever find yourself in a dangerously dense crowd. Crowd crushes are catastrophic incidents that can occur when a body of people becomes dangerously overcrowded. Crowd Crush是由于人群的密度过大所导致的灾难性事件. 如果你没有经历过那种过密的人群, 可能很难想象 at this extreme density, a crowd can start to act like fluid, sweeping individuals around without their volition. 人群密度特别大的时候, 一个人群的流动形式就很像液体. 就好像是你在海水里, 浪打过来的时候, 你基本没有办法对自己的身体有任何的控制. Such incidents can occur at large gatherings such as sporting, commercial, social, and religious events. It can happen for all sorts of reasons. And a critical factor is crowd density rather than crowd size. 造成这种Crowd Crush它的重点是人群密度, 而不是总人数. 中文里惯常会叫做 “踩踏事件”, 但英语里相关的事件你会看到三个不同的词, the first one is Crowd Collapse, 这个是指人群密度特别大, 所有的人都紧紧地挤在一起的时候. If a person falls, the support to those around is lost, while the pressure from those further out remains, causing people to fall into the void. 一个人倒下, 本来塞得满满的人群中间就会出现一个void空洞, 这个时候后面的人也会掉进空洞, causing a bigger void. And people who have fallen are at risk of being smothered by the weight of bodies on top, or be trampled. 而倒下的人就很容易会有被踩踏的危险.

Hi everyone, and welcome to this special Halloween edition of Britain under the microscope. 欢迎来到【闲话英文】的万圣节特别版. Hi, 安澜. Hi, Lulu .Hi, everyone. Is that time of the year? Yes, so for this Halloween, I thought I'm gonna tell you something that's really scary, frightening, fairies. Fairies? Yes, fairies. Okay. I'm assuming you're not talking about like Disney versions of fairies 那种仙女. No, I’m not talking about all of those beautiful little girls with wings that fly around with magic wands, granting wishes. No, I'm talking about fairies. 但迪斯尼就是把这种小仙女小精灵都叫做 fairies. Yes, so we're talking about the true origins of fairies and a traditional idea of what is a fairy and why they are terrifying. Now you're speaking my language. For those of you who have been listening to the show, you know that I'm really into a cold…I'm really into all these supernatural things. So I know for a fact that fairies, the original meaning from medieval Britain is something probably more akin to spirits or even like little monsters. Pretty much. They were known as the little people or the hidden peoples, people were actually a little bit too scared to mention them by name. 我觉得在中文里它就不应该被翻译成仙女仙子, 因为安澜也知道中文里的“仙” is a very positive word. It means you're above people. You're superior. Yes. You're immortal. However, fairies I would say they're mischievous, they are sometimes evil. They are. To be honest, it is a bit tricky to translate the term because it's changed so much in the centuries really. 我觉得更像精怪, 你说精灵精怪可能会更合适一点. I think that would probably be the nearest translation to it. 这种山精野怪 Because they were believed to cause disease and play tricks on people, so they were sometimes good, sometimes bad. They were quite almost neutral in many cases. They are kind of… you said they like playing tricks on people, so they're like kind of tricksters. They’re basically, I would say a sort of shadow society. So they're like humans. So, as you have good people and bad people, sometimes good people turn bad, and bad people turn good. It's that same sort of idea, fairies are society that live among us. But we cannot see them. We cannot see them, I think many cultures have that idea. They might not always call them fairies but where’re they from, are they from things in nature? People… scholars aren't really sure where the idea comes from. Some people think that they are the spirits of the dead. Other people think that they are fallen angels, so they weren't good enough for heaven, but they weren't bad enough for hell. So they're stuck on earth. They're pretty much stuck on earth, but I would say they do have their origins in ancient Greece and Rome, where kind of as many societies in ancient times believed that trees, rivers, the natural world had its own spirits, a little bit like Japan nowadays. Yeah, you say Japan but actually in Chinese lores, there are also lots of stories. When there's a lot of nature, especially if you consider people in the past in ancient times, they didn't really know that much about nature, nature is largely mysterious. You hear rustling in the woods could be hidden people. Yeah. That is where the idea comes from, the creatures that could be easily offended, but they can also be helpful. You know you mentioned hidden people, right, isn't that what they call it in Iceland? 在冰岛有一个叫做什么…翻译过来也叫hidden people. Yeah. So Iceland, they believe in elves, and that's kind of somewhat similar to fairies. But I would say they all have their common roots really, so that creatures that should be, how should I say, you should be careful of offending. They have a lot of power, a lot of influences, they can do some really bad things if you make them angry. They can be very menacing. They can be. One thing I've heard of, I don't know if it's about fairies changeling. Yes. That is probably one of the sort of more terrifying aspects of the myth, where it was believed that fairies would steal babies or even adults and replace them with a fairy

If you are into something creepy, this one is for you. You know that living in this world with our ever advancing technology and our understanding of the world, sometimes we can get very sure and very arrogant. We're sure of the things we know of the world we see, and for things that don't really fall into this framework, we simply disregard them. However, outside of human perception, there's a bigger world filled with the unexplained. So let me introduce the SCP foundation, a very special organization. 你知道，这个组织是干嘛的吗？ The best way is to read their mission statement. Since the beginning of mankind, we huddled in caves and around small fires, fearful of the things we didn't understand. It was more than explaining why the sun came up. It was the mystery of enormous birds with heads of men and rocks that came to life. So we called them gods and demons, begged them to spare us and prayed for salvation. In time, their numbers dwindled and ours rose, the world began to make more sense when there were fewer things to fear, yet the unexplained can never truly go away, as if the universe demands the absurd and impossible. Mankind must not go back to hide in fear. No one else would protect us, and we must stand up for ourselves. While the rest of mankind dwells in the light, we must stand in the darkness to fight it, contain it, and shield it from the ice of the public, so that others may live in a sane and normal world. According to its website, the SCP foundation is a secret organization entrusted by governments around the world to locate and contain individuals, entities, locations and objects that violate natural law.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi, there. 欢迎回到酒馆, 关注【璐璐的英文小酒馆】, 发现节目原稿和精彩好文, 逛逛全球好物, 在这里邂逅更广阔的世界. Hi everyone, and welcome back to Happy Hour. 欢迎回来酒馆Halloween Special. Now I know some of you are not really a big fan of the Horror Genre like me, but don't switch off yet, I promise you I will not scare you in this episode. And you remember last Halloween Special, we focused on all these stupid things people do in the horror films? think of today's episode as a sequel to that. So the Happy Hour Presents your survival guide in horror movies and TV shows. How many times have you screamed at the TV while watching a horror film？Yelling things like don't go down there you idiot, sell the house. Perhaps a lot of you think that if you were ever in that situation, you would definitely not be that stupid. 平时我们经常开玩笑说, 如果我们在宫斗剧里能够活到第几集; 但是咱们今天升级一下难度, 看看在恐怖剧集里你能活多久. The thing is we might think we can easily outsmart these dumb-dumbs in horror flicks. But the fact is even if you are the fastest the strongest or even the smartest, in the world of horror movies, no one is safe. In fact, your chances of survival are pretty low. One wrong move could mean a horrifying death. The good news is we've got the know-how to help you out. In the horror thriller genre, there a lot of conventions, well, cliches. 其实像我这种 “阅片无数” 的狂热爱好者, 早已经摸透了恐怖惊悚片的套路, there’re many tropes and cliches, today, you're going to learn how to survive in a horror flick. Rule No.1, be a good person, but not too good. I know that sounds a little contradictory, but it's going to help you make it out of this with your life, your sanity, and all your body parts still intact. 恐怖片看多了, 多半都能看出每个人的人设, and horror movies love to punish jerks, bad people. So if you're the mean cheerleader or the obnoxious jock, so if you're like the sexy but mean type, like to bully other people, then your days are numbered. Rude characters are usually killed off early; and the meaner you are, the more spectacularly brutal your death will be. Audiences just love to see jerks get what they deserve. So if you're mean, you know you're not gonna make it out alive. It's better to be the kind-hearted leading man or woman, because statistically you stand a much greater chance of surviving a night of terror. But here's the thing. You don't wanna be too nice or too good, because then you tend to do some pretty stupid things like helping the stranger by the roadside, taking in a poor little girl who’s looking for her mommy. Just remembered a phrase, No good deed goes unpunished. 恐怖片里做好事不一定有好报, 所以第一条铁律 “做好人, 但千万别要做没有底线的傻好人.” That would significantly improve your chance of survival. Survival Rule No.2, don't investigate. What was that strange noise out in the woods？ I'd better go check it out, alone. What？That's the dumbest thing you could possibly do. Don't go into barns, basements, graveyards, ancient burial grounds, abandoned asylum, abandoned school, abandoned hospital, abandoned everything. They are abandoned for a reason, just don't go into them; because this is guaranteed a way to get you into some really sticky bloody situation. But if you still can't resist a temptation to investigate, then remember two things. Number one, don't ever split up with your friends. 可如果你的好奇心过于旺盛, 你非要去investigate,那么就记住不要split up with your friends, 不要跟你的朋友分开. If your friends so much as suggest splitting up, you should tell them to ‘shut up’, because you know the minute you guys split up, you will face your final scene; And Number two, when you go for a quick investigation, don't ever say I'll be right back. No, you won't be right back. You will be bloody and hanging from the garage door, you know that. 所以第二条铁律, 事出反常必有妖, 千万不要好奇心过剩, 什么事都想一探究竟. Rule No.3, turn around because who or whatever it is that frightens you, it's always behind you. While hiding from deranged knife-wielding thing of evil, you might ask yourself, where is it？The answer, right behind you. 不管是神鬼妖狐还是杀人魔, 只要你找不到他, 他一定就站在你身后. Learn from tho