"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！ 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~" In today's Buzzword Mix, our Buzzword is Infodemic. Now this is a combination of two words we all know too well, “information” and “pandemic”. 由Information和Pandemic组成的这个词Infodemic, 中文里把它翻译成 “信息疫情”, 简称 “信疫”。 I'm sure you've heard of the expression going viral. 现在网络特别是社交媒体上, 如果一条新闻或者一条视频火了, 我们通常会说going viral病毒式的传播。 But with more and more Information going viral overnight, what we can encounter is an infodemic. By definition, an infodemic is a rapid and far-reaching spread of both accurate and inaccurate Information about something, such as a disease. 所谓 “信息疫情” 就是指关于某一个话题一个事情, 比如说一个病毒, 整个网络会涌现出大量的真真假假的信息, 而这些信息会迅速的蔓延到互联网的每一个角落。 As facts, rumors, and fears mix and disperse, it becomes difficult to learn essential information about an issue. 而随着这些事实、谣言还有恐惧不断的交织和传播, 作为普通人, 我们就很难了解关于这个事情的核心的有效信息。 Now since we're still not out of the current pandemic, you might think the word infodemic has come out of the covid years, but actually this word isn’t new, it was coined in 2003, the year of SARS. 可能有的人会觉得infodemic这个词是在新冠这几年才出来的新词, 但实际上它是在03年非典的时候就被创造出来了。 And it was coined by journalist and political scientist David Rothkopf in a Washington Post column. Back then he said, SARS is the story of not one epidemic but two, and the second epidemic, the one that has largely escaped the headlines, has implications that are far greater than the disease itself. That is because it is not the viral epidemic but rather an "information epidemic" or infodemic that has transformed SARS into a global economic and social debacle. 他当时就说非典其实要对付的是两个疫情, 一个是病毒的疫情, 还有一个造成更大的社会和经济影响的就是infodemic.

《小酒馆·大世界》-世界各处的文化和精彩，在小酒馆触手可得哦~ 欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~ Hi everyone, today we have in our studio two guests from Italy. They're both wine experts and entrepreneurs themselves who have extensive experience in the wine industry, and also in promoting Italian wines, including Prosecco in China. First of all, let's say hi to Matteo and Mikelino. Hi, hi, everyone. Hello, hello, everyone. And welcome to the studio. First of all, I would like to ask both of you to give us a little bit of an idea of what you do. Could Matteo? So I actually work for one of the biggest importers and distributors in China. I work as a senior brand manager, not just for Italian wines, but for more than 28 brands from all around the world. And I'm in China 4 years, 20 years’ experience in the wine business. And based on our previous talk, you basically grew up with the entire wine culture, right? My family owns a small vineyard, a place called Valdobbiadene, which is the core area of Prosecco; and I worked in a winery before for 10 years, I worked in Maldives and Dubai as in hospitality. I worked in New York, and then a little bit in Moscow for a short period of time, and Shanghai. OK, a true expert. And Mikelino. I am an entrepreneur. I live in Shanghai, I work in Shanghai, people know me here as the wine guy, which is the name of my company, I thought it was suitable. I live in China since 15 years and I am a sommelier graduated by the Italian Sommelier Association. And wine is my passion. Mikelino, you said wine is your passion, and this is very interesting because when I talk to people who work in the wine industry, this tends to be the general feeling, general sentiment, a lot of people they would say you think about wine, it's not just drinking, it's about socializing, it's about a lifestyle. Would you agree with that? It is, actually, I didn't always work in wine, but in the very end, the life brought me to work with my passion. And also was… many people ask me and say, why don't you work in wine? Because people were referring to me for some wine suggestions. Where do I buy this? Where do I get that? And finally, I decided to move on and around 10 years ago, I started devoting my life to this business, even my wife finds it boring because she says I always talk about wine. Honestly speaking from a little bit of my own experience as a drinker, a lover of wine, obviously I'm no way an expert. I always remember before the pandemic I used to go to Italy a lot, I absolutely loved the country. When I went to Italy, sometimes I would join my local friends or new friends for aperitivo. Am I correct in pronouncing that? Yes. You pronounced it correctly. Aperitivo is a very important moment our social life in Italy, no matter if it's during the day or during the evening. So what is aperitivo? Aperitivo is a culture. Basically, it's the moments when usually finish your work or during weekends you get with your friends, usually before dinner, and you have a drink altogether, it’s a very social thing. And then this actually can get into a dinner thing as well. Which why years ago aperitivo was emerged with the word dinner, which is ‘Cena’ in Italian. And we started calling it ‘Apericena’ which is ‘Aperitivo’ and ‘Dinner’. So it basically you start with a drink, then use some small bites and cold cuts and pizza, and then goes into a 2 or 3 hours... 2 or 3 hours? It can be, yeah, I mean, back in the day when I was in Italy…but that happened when I go back in my hometown now as well, can be we meet at 6, 6:30, and then we can start drinking and eating and finishing out at 11. That's… sometimes it's quite normal. I guess especially on a hot summer day, when people are just basically standing around, maybe even outside and then just mingling with one another. No. That happens also in winter. It's every season…Four-season thing. It is every season. Every season. In summer, it's definitely easier because… Regardless of weather....

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi everyone, and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】 Hi, 安澜. Hi Lulu, hi everyone. 安澜, every time I start the program by asking you what are we gonna talk about today, can I propose a topic？ Sure. So lately, one of the biggest news in the world is the death of your queen. And actually, when I was doing my Tuesday live streaming, 我周二晚上直播的时候, 正好有小伙伴问到我这个问题就是说how do British people feel about this？So I thought can we talk about that？ It's a really, really interesting topic. It's a topic that we've been obviously discussing a lot in the UK because this is the first time we've ever had to deal with this situation for over 70 years. That's actually, first of all, the queen passed away on September the 8th. I know that she was 96 years old, and she had been on the throne for, you said, over 70 years. Just 70 years, she actually had a Platinum Jubilee this year. Platinum Jubilee is 70 years. Yep. You have Diamond Jubilee which is 60 years, and then Golden Jubilee which is 50 years. I see. It's impressive, I mean, a few days ago, she was still working, she was still seen in public meeting up with the new prime minister that was impressive, especially thinking about her age and health conditions. Yeah, and that I would say is probably one of the most shocking things because we could see in the pictures of the queen was very frail. She obviously aged a lot, but we still thought that she was relatively healthy. Because she was working at her age. She passed away at a place called Balmoral? She passed away at Balmoral Castle, which is in the Highlands of Scotland. It's actually one of her favorite residences; and it's where she goes or where she went I should say on her summer holidays. I see, so like it's private, it's like her private home, one of her private homes. It's not owned by the states, all of other…most of other palaces are owned by the government or owned by the nation. But Balmoral is actually her private residences. Actually to think about, to most people in the UK, well, at least people under the age of 70, this was the only queen, only monarch they knew. And we can talk a little bit about what people think towards the end of the episode. But I would say that's the key part really, because she's the only queen that most people have ever known, and also she's just always been there. We can talk about people's reaction in a bit. But what's the nation's reaction？Did you set aside…I think I’ve heard it somewhere that a lot of the government business is closed for like a period of time? As soon as the death was announced, Britain went into official mourning. 就是国丧期. And how long was that? That was until Monday. I see So until the day of the funeral, and what happens during this time is that most events are cancelled, TV schedules change, so watching the BBC and other UK channels, pretty much it was 24-hour coverage about the queen. The other thing that I’ve noticed is there was this ceremony where people could go to see the coffin and then to say their final goodbyes. Yep. It's actually called lie in state or lying in state where the coffin is displayed to the public, and people can walk past and pay their respects. I see. So lie in state就指的葬礼前让人们可以去公开的吊唁. Yes. It's not the same as in maybe for example China because you don't actually see the body. It's not the open casket. It's not an open casket, it’s a close casket. And you can walk past and view and pay your respects. So because she passed away in Scotland, she was first laid in state in Edinburgh as the queen of Scotland. Oh, it’s…because it’s separate. 可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~

欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！ 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~ In other words, SJWs don't hold strong principles, but they pretend to. 说到这里, 相信你能想象到某一些人的嘴脸了。 但其实有很多人不同意SJW的这种说法, 而且认为这样的叫法比较危险。 Because some people believe that the overuse of SJW in a negative manner is simply a way to dismiss anyone who brings up real issues with social justice. 反对使用这个词的人认为, 如果我们太习惯给别人扣上SJW或者“圣母”的帽子, 我们就没有办法真正的去讨论关于Social Justice的一些话题。 Use of the term has also been described as attempting to degrade the motivations of the person accused of being an SJW implying that their motives are for personal validation rather than out of any deep-seated conviction. 而且只要把别人定性为SJW就可以无视或者贬低他的所有观点，批判对方是在刷存在感, 这样也可能会误伤一些真正想要深入讨论社会公正和正义问题的人。 But whether you like the term or not, it has become so popular that in August 2015, Social Justice Warrior or SJW was one of several new words and phrases added to Oxford dictionaries.

【Geek Time】-“极客”时间，和“科技宅”Brad一起聊神秘有趣的“黑科技”“高科技”“硬科技”。欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~ Welcome back to Geek Time. This is the advanced episode about Big Data. Hello, Lulu. Hi Brad. We're gonna start off by talking about the… some of the benefits of big data. I mean, the benefits are pretty obvious, right？Because last time you were talking about the three Vs, the Volume, Variety, Velocity, so it's just basically the ability to be able to process huge amount of data that before it used to probably take people years to process. Now it can be done in a matter of days or even hours or seconds. Exactly. And it's not just yet looking at the amount of data, but we're looking at greater geographical areas just like I mentioned with like talking about the weather, but not just with whether, we can look at more like health related issues, it can be a lot of different things; but we can connect variables that typically wouldn't be found when we're looking at things may be related to our health. And like a doctor, when you go in to see the doctor, he's gonna ask you certain questions. They can start making some correlations based on how you answer those questions. But with big data, they can actually look at larger groups of people who have health conditions. And based on those health conditions, they might be able to find like a better reason why people have these particular health conditions. So one possible case jumps to mind is, for example, if people from certain area, certain sort of geographical background, or let's say, other type of background, they have similar backgrounds and they all develop similar symptoms. The doctor might not know, but the big data would help the doctor to find or to build that connection. Yes, so like they can look for those things much easier. It's not just like one doctor looking for everything, it's several doctors putting out their information and then looking at that data and finding out a more reliable cause for something. And it's also just about everyone is able to access a lot more data than in the past in the age of big data. When we look at the data that people have access to, we start to look at some of the difficulties, gets really hard to really randomize the data. In the past, people would just go out and they would collect data from, you know, random people. They wouldn't collect their name or anything. But nowadays, when like companies are collecting data, there's all this information attached to one particular person. It's hard to really randomize that when you have like all these particular sets related to one person. Does that mean that, for example, when they collect data from you, they say this is a random person and then… but because they collect your age, they collect your, for example, nationality, and then your geographical occasion, and eventually they will make up a pretty good picture, pretty precise picture of who you are. So it's not really random, it's not really随机 anyways, it's a specific person. They have all these data points. And so unless they strip away several of those data points, it's really hard to randomize whose data is what？It's something… When we look at that amount of data, one of the other issues that comes is like we're looking at a lot of data overload. When someone's doing research, they're gonna look at specific sets of data, but because they have all this extra data, they're going to start just including that extra data, just because they have it at their hands. When they start doing that, they start looking and finding correlations that aren't really there. I see. So they start to read too much into the data just because they have it. There is this data and it's kind of unclear if there's a correlation to it at all. So for example, everyone who loves Hello Kitty seems to be developing a cough. And you are like… then you draw like a false causal link saying that people who likes Hello Kitty is likely to have like lung disease. B

【Geek Time】-“极客”时间，和“科技宅”Brad一起聊神秘有趣的“黑科技”“高科技”“硬科技”。欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~ Hi, everyone. And welcome back to Geek Time. Hi, Brad. Hey Lulu. Brad, you are currently in Japan, right？ Correct. I just moved to Japan. I've been here a few months now. Is that gonna be a long term thing？ Possibly, still I’m a student now, but I am looking for full time work. And so once I figure out that, then I’ll make a move. So that's just gonna be your new home. And then we're doing this recording remotely, but we're still gonna be talking about geeky or tech-related subjects or topics. And what are we going to talk about today？ I thought we’ll talk about big data. Big data大数据. It's one of those things that everyone has heard of, everyone talks about. But if you ask people what exactly is big data, not everyone can actually come up with the definition or not everyone knows the ins and outs of it, right？ It's a little bit difficult to get into. So first of all, what is big data？ A lot of times when people hear the word “big” like big pharma, things like that, they think of a big company; and big data is not that, big data is just a large amounts of data. Traditionally, data was very small sets of information that people could put together and sought through, and like find out information about their customers or something like that. But now with the explosion of like being able to store huge amounts of data and sought through larger sets, we get something called big data. Before, for example, it’s just each store would collect their own data, each business, but now everything is connected. Correct! Like everything, a lot of people that have data online will trade or sell their data to other people.

"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！ 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~" In today's Buzzword Mix, our buzzword is Cancel Culture. 这几天又有很多关于公众人物“失德”和“塌房”的讨论, so I thought it would be a good time to talk about something that is relevant. This is one of the more controversial buzzwords that has gained in popularity in the English-speaking world in the past few years. 所以今天的buzzword我们就来讨论一个跟公众人物“塌房”相关的这么一个词, 叫做 “cancel culture”直译为“取消文化”. It sounds pretty strange, doesn't it? It really has only come into frequent use since a few years ago. It refers to a form of ostracism in which someone or some organization is thrust out of social or professional circles-whether it be online, on social media, or in person. 所谓的“取消文化”指的是一个公众人物或者一个组织, 因为某些言行不当, 而遭到了一些群体、群众, 特别是网民的排斥、排挤、抵制。这种情况出现的时候, 我们就可以说公众人物或者组织has been cancelled. You can also describe it as the practice of withdrawing support for public figures and companies after they have done or said something considered offensive or objectionable. This canceling is often performed on social media in a form of group shaming. 这种cancel culture它的表达形式通常是在社交媒体上进行的group shaming, 群体羞辱, 就是大家一起来踩或者抵制。 The other similar idea is "Call-out culture", 跟取消文化很相关的另外一个词叫做"Call-out culture", 被翻译成“指控文化”。 Actually, the "Call-out culture" has been in use as part of the #MeToo movement. It encouraged women and men to call out their abusers on a forum where the accusations would be heard, especially against very powerful individuals. “指控文化”是来自于 #MeToo 运动, 它的作用是鼓励性侵和性骚扰的受害者, 勇敢的站出来去指控那些施暴者, 特别是那些位高权重的公众人物。 And the phrase “cancel culture” gained popularity since late 2019, most often as a recognition that society will exact accountability for offensive conduct. 而到了2019年，和“指控文化”相关的“取消文化”也火了起来。它强调的是任何一个人，特别是公众人物，他的言行一旦失格失德，整个社会都会对他进行问责。 To hold someone accountable for their words and behaviors. 其实很多人会把 “call-out culture”和 “cancel culture”放在一起说, 其实这两个文化稍微有点区别。 “Call-out culture” is about calling attention to someone's wrongdoing, and maybe giving them a chance to learn from and correct the issue; but “cancel culture” does not give this opportunity, and instead, immediately labels them as bad and want to get them cancelled. 它们两个的不同主要在于“指控文化”的目的是希望被指控的人能够意识到自己的错误作出补偿, 并且改正自己的行为；而“取消文化”连这个机会都不会给, 希望直接把这个人从公众的视野中抹去取消。

《小酒馆·大世界》-世界各处的文化和精彩，在小酒馆触手可得哦~ 欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~ I think Prosecco is a perfect welcome drink. If you're having a banquet and then when the guests arrive the first drink, when they're just mingling, going around talking to people, what you're gonna have is not a very, very strong red. What you're gonna have is bubbly, something light, something elegant, it's just something to get you going, so maybe more men should really open up. Exactly. Something quite fruity so help you… sometimes when you get really hungry, you cannot consume too much alcohol, Prosecco is just like around 11 or 12 percentage of alcohol. It's really good enough for you to bring up your appetite if you don’t feel hungry, but consume a little bit of the sweetness and fruitiness. So if you are a gentleman and listening to this, Prosecco is perfect for you as well. Since you were mentioning champagne, this is actually the next question I'm going to ask. Champagne Prosecco, both are sparkling wines. So what makes Prosecco special? From my point of view, the Prosecco, it is the image of the fashion, because more and more young generation who are keen on this popular drinks, fashion style and fashion life. Secondly, compared with other types of wine, Prosecco has low alcohol level and it is not easy to get drunk. For our ladies, we always want to keep the elegance. Thirdly, I think that Prosecco has its unique taste, fresh and natural. It is not complex and easy drinking; So last but not the least, it can be provided in any sense of environment and can be matched with any food. Also, as Roger mentioned, compared with the price, Prosecco’s more competitive than champagne. Much better value for money. Yes, much better value. Sounds like it's a very versatile drink and matches all sorts of scenarios and food. And Roger I'm sure you have something to add as well. When you drink something, you have to think about your wallet first, you got a very huge wallet, you go for champagne, no one can stop you, right? As the situation global like pandemic, it's not really in the positive economic situation. So why don't we try something easier to drink? It's more on the tip of the fashion area. Italy is always on top or two of the fashion world, a lot more competition, for example, like sailing or motor cycling, fancy, assignment sports. They are starting to use Prosecco instead of champagne for the champion who spread in the world. You can see that all the times, right? So I would say from my point of view, because I'm getting with so many different audiences all the time. To me, I personally love Champagne. There's no problem at all. It's a classic drink, but it's more like a grandfather's drink for me. It's a bit old fashioned, isn't it, classic but old fashion. Yeah, it's a bit old fashion. I would like to say Prosecco is more friendly, easy to drink, easy to accept it, more fruit instead of a lot of yeast.

"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！ 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~"

《小酒馆·大世界》-世界各处的文化和精彩，在小酒馆触手可得哦~ 欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~ Hi, everyone. Today we have in our studio two guests from Casa Prosecco, China. Casa Prosecco is an organization set up with the aim of promoting the Prosecco DOC brand. They are going to be sharing with us a lot of their interesting experiences in promoting Prosecco in the Chinese market. Welcome to the show Feiling, welcome to the show Roger. Hi. Dear. Hi everyone. First of all, I know that Feiling you are in charge of Casa Prosecco, China, right? Yes, Lulu. So could you, first of all, tell us what kind of organization is Casa Prosecco? Sure, dear. Casa Prosecco is the office of Prosecco DOC Consortium in China, which was founded in March 18th, 2016, the main business of Casa Prosecco is to promote all types of activities and events according to the strategic planning and the instructions from the Consortium. We know Prosecco is a very famous wine type, but why Casa, Casa means family, house in Italian? Yes, Casa means family, you're right, but I’d like to tell you a story, ok, back story, the headquarter of Prosecco DOC Consortium is in the world city Treviso, the hometown of tiramisu. Oh, Treviso. I'm sure that you’ll like it. Yes, Treviso, where is only 29 kilometers away from Venice, the romantic capital. Venice is the birthplace of Italian traveler Marco Polo. Everyone knows that, right? Yeah, he came to China with his father in 1275, and was fascinated by Chinese brilliant history and culture. Later he wrote very famous The Travels of Marco Polo, which praised the prosperity of China for its developed industry and commerce, bustling market, magnificent capital. Since then, Italians believe that the Silk Road starts from Venice, and finally, it’s in Chang'an, now my city Xi'an; so, our back story is Silk Road story, history is never far from us. That's very interesting because Feiling, I was actually gonna ask you, I know that Casa Prosecco China was founded in Xi'an, that was actually my second question, like why Xi’an. Now you're saying the back story is grand, kind of like a modern-day Silk Road connection. I like that. It's always nice to be able to trace back in the history and find the connection between China and Italy and through Prosecco of all things, very nice. But I know that Casa Prosecco China also has other offices, right? Roger, you are from the Xiamen office, right? You're based in Xiamen. Yeah, exactly. That was like a few years ago we set up the Casa Prosecco in Xiamen. The reason behind it is quite simple as well, naval city Quanzhou and it's the Silk Road on the sea. So this is another part to start the relationships. This is relationship we get started.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hello everyone, and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope, our advanced episode. On languages. In our previous episode we talked a little bit about the native languages of Britain, but today we're gonna be talking a lot more around language learning in the UK, attitudes to language, and also some of the languages that you might hear on the street in the UK. I mean the UK is a very multicultural country, especially if you live in London, you bound to bump into lots of people with a wide variety of native languages. Yeah. What do you think are some of the most popular or some of the most widely spoken languages in the UK that are not English or native languages? I'm not sure which is the most spoken, but I know it’s definitely not French. Yes, French is relatively widely spoken but not as much as these languages the languages actually are...the first one is Polish. 噢，波兰语, ok, yes, that is… at least before Brexit, when I was in the UK I did notice a lot of Polish people. Yep. You have a lot of Polish immigrants or just workers. Yeah, so you have Polish. Then you have Punjabi. Punjab is the Indian language, Pakistani language? Yes, it comes from the Punjab region of India Pakistan; so it’s a northern language. You also have Gujarati. Sounds also Indian. Yes, Gujarati is from the area around Mumbai. So western India, then you have Hindustani, so Hindi, Urdu, and also Bengali. So lots of Indian languages, lots of different regional Indian languages. Lots of Indian languages, yeah. Because you have a huge population that's originally from India. Yeah, I remember when I was at school, I could have learned a few words of Punjabi, Hindi, Gujarati, but I was a kid, so they were mostly swear words, relatively rude words. We're always doing that learning languages. You mentioned learning some of these curse words in foreign languages in school, but forgive me for saying this, but based on my understanding, British people are not the best at learning foreign languages. We are notoriously bad at learning foreign languages. According to some statistics about 62% of UK citizens can't speak a second language. I think it's also because if you can use English to go around the world, then people are just a bit lazy, they just don't want to learn. Well, say it a bit lazy but also there's not really much incentive. As an English speaker, if I go around the world it’s very rare that I find myself in a situation where I can't get by, I can’t find someone that speaks English. Exactly. But you compare the 62% of UK citizens with most other European countries where that's around 10% of the population that can't speak a second language. Especially if you think about some central western European countries that are smaller, it is so common for them to speak 3, 4 languages fluently. Yeah, particularly if you go up to Northern Europe, for example, the Dutch, when I go to Holland or go to the Netherlands, it's amazing that pretty much every Dutch person that you meet speaks flawless English.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi, everyone, and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】. Hi, 安澜. Hi. Lulu. Hi, everyone. So what are we going to talk about today? Before we start talking, I wanna actually ask you to listen to these recordings. I want you to tell me where do you think these come from. Yeah, Okay. （clips） So what do you think? Okay, obviously I don't have a vast knowledge of all the world languages, but a lot of these sound elements, I would say probably some languages closer maybe to Hebrew, maybe? No. I can give you a hint. This is Britain Under the Microscope. Are these native languages in Britain? Yep! So the first recording that you heard… 如果是英国本地语言的话, maybe we are talking about like Welsh, 威尔士语or… I don't know the languages…woo like maybe Scottish? Welsh definitely. So Welsh was the first language, and the second language was actually Gaelic from Scotland. Yes, because Scottish is not a language. No there’s something called Scotts and we’ll talk a bit about that in a sec. So I guess we're talking about languages in the UK. Yeah, and more specifically we're talking about native languages in the UK, because whenever you think about Britain, the first thing you think about is English. Definitely. But actually even though the vast majority of British people speak English, there was still about 8% of the population where… there's still about 8% of the population whose first language isn't actually English. You know what, that is a bit surprising. So you have other official languages then? Yeah, we also have other official languages. These are also languages such as Welsh. 威尔士语 and? And also Gaelic to a certain extent. But if you look at government websites, if you look at the NHS (National Health Service) they actually offer translation services for many languages spoken in the UK. 刚才这个Gaelic就是盖尔语. So I thought let's start first of all with Welsh. Okay. I'm assuming Welsh is spoken in Wales. Yes, it’s spoken by over 500,000 people with varying degrees of fluency, but there are still quite a few native speakers and those that speak it at proficient level. 500,000! That's not a small number. Does that mean that people living in or born in Wales, they would have to learn Welsh in school? Yeah, you have to learn Welsh at school up until the age of 16. Some people take that even further and they learn it at university, but also the government is trying to encourage the use of Welsh. So it's also spoken in the Welsh parliament. I'm just a bit … you know what I'm picturing? So, what if for example, you, if you move to Wales to live in Wales and you work for the government, how can you communicate with other… with Welsh speakers when you don't speak the language? From what I've heard, I think they actually really encourage you to at least learn basic Welsh. But you have to think also they do speak English. They do speak English. Yeah. Which brings me to the question how far apart is Welsh to English? I mean, we heard the little clip and that sounds like a completely different language. Completely different. Welsh is actually one of the oldest languages in Europe. It's descended from the language that was spoken in Britain before the Roman invasion. So Welsh is completely different to English. English is closer to German, French. Welsh is a completely different language family. Is it just pronunciation that's different or like vocabulary…? 可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~