在喜马拉雅已支持实时字幕 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”获取文稿和音频 词汇提示 1.enrolled 登记注册 2.accommodates 容纳 3.granting 允许、颁发 4.abolish 废除 5.consistent 一致 6.cohort 同伙 7.certificates 证书 8.diplomas 文凭 9.emphasizing 强调 10.implies 暗示 11.curriculum 课程 12.conjunction 结合 原文 Education Systems in Canada In Canada each province is responsible for its own education systems. In general，there are three levels of education systems in Canada：（1）Kindergarten to Grade 8；（2）Grade 9 to Grade 12；and（3）Post-Secondary education. Kindergarten may further be divided into Junior and Senior Kindergarten for four and five years old children，respectively. Grade 9 and 12 students are enrolled in a secondary school system，which is similar to a high school system in the USA. Some cities and towns may have a junior high school system，which accommodates children from Grade 7 to Grade 9. In the Province of Ontario there is Grade 13，which is required step for all students who want to attend a degree-granting university. This feature has been unique for Ontario，but the Province has decided to abolish it in order to be consistent with other provinces' secondary education systems. By year 2003，when Grade 13 is completely abandoned，the number of students entering a university or college is expected to be almost double（called“double cohort”）. Post-secondary education system in Canada includes universities，community colleges，university colleges，and other private institution providing post-secondary education，such as skill training and continuing education. A university is a standing-alone，degree-granting institution that offers certificates，diplomas，and Bachelor/Master/Ph. D. degrees. There are about 50 universities throughout the country，most of which are publicly funded institutions. Some of the most recognized universities include the University of Toronto，McGill University，the University of British Columbia，and Queen's University. A community college offers a verity of programs for students who want to learn technical skills，skills that they can apply to the real world quickly. These programs are usually one or two years in length emphasizing hand-on experience in classroom setting. It grants certificates and diplomas and offers a verity of training courses for people who want to upgrade themselves with the current market and new technologies. A university college，as the name implies，is somewhat in between a community college and a university. This type of institution is common in British Columbia，the most western province in Canada. It grants certificates and diplomas by itself. However，it is not able to grant university degrees alone，although it often offers the courses required for a university degree. The curriculum for a degree program is usually designed in conjunction with a university，which actually grants degrees to the university college students.

在喜马拉雅已支持实时字幕 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”获取文稿和音频 词汇提示 1.academia 学术界 2.post-secondary institution 高等教育机构 3.frustration 挫败 4.dynamic 动态的 5.complement 补足 6.corporate citizens 企业公民 7.committees 委员会 8.aforementioned 上述 原文 Life in Academia A person like me，who teaches and conducts research at an academic institution，is called“academic”. The academic institution may be a form of a university，a college or another post-secondary institution. I have been working in universities for almost eleven years. While enjoying my life in academia，we“academics”also have a lot of stress and often go through a large amount of stress and frustration. Firstly，we have pressure from the university we are working at to become effective teachers. As the environment（in terms of the society and the marketplace）has become more dynamic and competitive，we as teachers must provide students with necessary skills and knowledge so they can become successful in their society. It requires a lot of preparation，updating of material，self-learning，and continuous improvement in teaching. For these reasons，teaching and learning should complement each other. Secondly，we have pressure from both our university and our academic peers to become active and effective researchers. What we teaching to our students in class is no doubt closely relate to what we have learned or discovered from our research activities. Thirdly，we have pressure from the university and the community to become good corporate citizens through active participate in various university committees and/or the community at large. A university and the community it belongs to must work closely together to identity common interests and to conduct projects that could benefit both parties. Even with a high degree of aforementioned pressures，I love my job as a teacher，scholar and citizen. There is a high level of freedom and flexibility. Academia is a place to meet new people，to create new ideas，and for everyone in that community to learn. It is a place where both teaching and learning always take place.

在喜马拉雅已支持实时字幕 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”获取文稿和音频 词汇提示 1.feats 技艺 2.aviation 航空 3.military 军事的 4.stunt-flying exhibition 飞行特技表演 5.exploits 功绩 6.dense fog 浓雾 7.accompanied 陪伴 8.navigator 导航员 9.endurance 耐力 原文 Amelia Earhart Amelia Earhart was one of the most famous airplane pilots of all time. She is famous for the impressive travels that she made in her airplane，for the mystery surrounding her death，and for showing that women could perform great feats of aviation. Amelia was born in the American state of Kansas，in the year 1897. After graduating from high school，Earhart decided to become a nurse. She worked as a military nurse in Canada during World War One，treating injured soldiers. After the war，she returned to the United States，and became a social worker. But in 1920，she saw airplanes in a stunt-flying exhibition，and early the next year，she took her first ride in an airplane. It was then that Amelia Earhart decided to become a pilot. Within a few months，Earhart saved her money and bought her a small airplane. She flew frequently，and improved her skills as a pilot. In 1928，she joined two men in a flight across the Atlantic Ocean. But Amelia Earhart's greatest exploits were still to come. In May 1932，she attempted to become the first woman to fly“solo”，or alone，across the Atlantic Ocean. She flew east from the island of Newfoundland，and face cold weather，high winds，and dense fog. But she successfully crossed the ocean，and landed her airplane in a farmer's filed in Ireland. When news of her fight reached the United States，Amelia Earhart had became very famous. Later fights by Amelia Earhart were equally impressive. She became the first person to fly from Hawaii to California，across 4000 kilometers of the Pacific Ocean. She also became the first person to fly from Mexico City to the New York City area. But in 1937，she planned her most ambitious：a journey around the world. On June 1st，1937，Amelia Earhart took off from Miami，Florida. She was accompanied by her navigator，Fred Noonan. They flew east，making stops along the way. Within one month，they had flown across three-quarters of the globe，reaching the Pacific island of New Guinea. On July 2nd，Earhart and Noonan took off from New Guinea，flying toward Howland Island. This very small island was over 4000 kilometers from New Guinea，and was very difficult to find in the middle of the vast ocean. During this flight，Earhart and Noonan were in radio contact with some ships from the U.S. Navy. However，bad weather made it impossible to see the stars at night，so navigation was very difficult and the plane became lost. Earhart and Noonan never arrived at Howland Island. The U.S. Navy undertook a massive search，but they never found the last airplane. Earhart and Noonan had been lost at sea. Amelia and Noonan's death was a great tragedy，but she had lived an exciting life that was full with achievements. She had help to show that very long flights could be made，and that women could perform feats of flying that were equal to those of men. Even today，many people are inspired by the courage and endurance of Amelia Earhart.

在喜马拉雅已支持实时字幕 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”获取文稿和音频 词汇提示 1.prodigy 天才 2.symphony 交响乐 3.Archbishop 大主教 4.string quarter 弦乐四重奏 5.technical 技巧的 6.precision 精确 7.court 宫廷 8.aptitude 资质 9.permanently 永久的 10.withdrawn 孤僻 11.deteriorate 恶化 12.era 时代 13.originality 独创性 14.flourished 兴旺发达 原文 Two Great Musicians：Mozart and Beethoven Much of music of eighteen and nineteen century Europe is still enjoyed by many people. Two of greatest musicians of that time were born only thirty-four years apart，and actually knew each other for a short time. These great musicians were Mozart and Beethoven. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in Austria in the year 1756. As a child，Mozart was a musical prodigy. He began composing music before his fifth birthday，and by the time he reached his teenage years，Mozart had already written many symphonies and other musical works. As a young man，Mozart worked as a“Concert Master”for the Archbishop of Salzburg，in Austria. He also travelled to various European cities. When he was in his mid-twenties，Mozart moved to the city of Vienna. Mozart had difficult earning a living，but during this time he wrote some excellent operas and string quarters. Many people did not yet appreciate the greatness of Mozart's music. In his early thirties，Mozart became the court musician for the Emperor of Austria，and during the next few years，Mozart continued to write many beautiful works of music. Mozart died in 1791，but although his life was short，his productivity had been enormous. The beauty，grace，and technical precision of his music is still greatly admired，and he is considered one of the greatest musicians of all time. When Mozart was in Vienna，he met a young musician named Ludwig van Beethoven. Beethoven performed some music for Mozart，who was greatly impressed by the talent of this young man. Beethoven was born in Germany in 1770，and from an early age，he had displayed a great aptitude for music. Beethoven moved permanently to Vienna in 1792. He studied music under some famous composers，and became known for his outstanding skill in playing the piano. Beethoven became to composed more of his own music，and these works became very more popular. When in his late twenties，Beethoven began to lose his hearing. He continued to composed excellent music，but he became more withdrawn，and performed less frequently. By the year 1817，Beethoven became completely deaf，and he could no longer perform music. However，his creative genius did not deteriorate. Instead，Beethoven created many of his greatest works despite his deafness. It was Beethoven's influence that began the“Romantic”era of music，which followed the“classical”era of the nineteenth century. Beethoven died in 1827，but his music remains famous for its beauty and originality. His greatest symphony，such as Fifth Symphony，are among the world's best-know works of music. Today，the works of Mozart and Beethoven are still among those who appreciate great music. Music fans can look back with wonder at the musical creativity that flourished in Vienna more two centuries ago.

在喜马拉雅已支持实时字幕 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”获取文稿和音频 词汇提示 1.ordeal 磨难 2.legislature 州议会 3.integrity 正直的 4.candidate 候选人 5.prominent 重要的 6.Emancipation Proclamation 奴隶解放宣言 7.Gettysburg Address 盖茨堡演说 8.defended 辩护 原文 Abraham Lincoln When historians are asked to choose the greatest President in the history of the United States，one of the names most frequently mentioned is Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln was President during the greatest ordeal that ever faced the United States-the Civil War. Abraham Lincoln was born in 1809 in the state of Kentucky，but when he was a child，the family moved to the state of Indiana. Abraham's parents，Thomas and Nancy Lincoln，were farmers who were very poor，and they received only a few years of education. When Abraham was only 9 years old，his mother became ill and died. About one year later，Abraham's father remarried. As a young man，Abraham continued to work on the family farm，and he also worked as a laborer. During this time，the Lincolns moved to the state of Illinois. Abraham became known to the local people as an excellent athlete and story-teller. He educated himself by reading many books，most of which he borrowed from neighbors. Lincoln was interested in politics，and when he was in his mid-20s，he was elected to the Illinois state legislature. During this time，Lincoln also studied law，and soon became known as an excellent lawyer. People called Lincoln“Honest Abe”because of his personal integrity In 1842，Lincoln married a woman named Mary Todd. During the 1850s，Lincoln became the strongly opposed the expansion of slavery into the western parts of the United States. Lincoln had several famous debates against a supporter of slavery named Stephen Douglas. In 1860，Lincoln was a candidate in the election for the President of the United States. During this election，the issue of slavery and its expansion was very prominent. Lincoln won，but soon after，several of the southern states decided to secede from the United States，and form their own country. After a few months later，fighting started between those southern states and the federal government，which was supported by the northern states. Lincoln managed the Civil War with skill and determination. Gradually the North began to win the war. In 1863，Lincoln made the“Emancipation Proclamation”，which freed the slaves. Later that years，Lincoln gave his most famous speech，the Gettysburg Address. The Civil War had brought terrible suffering to many Americans，and people were very bitter after the war. But Lincoln wanted the country to become united again，and he urged people to forgive. However，in April of 1865，only months after the war ended，Lincoln was shot and killed by an assassin. Many people，even Lincoln's critics，mourned his death. In the generations that have passed since Lincoln's death，he has continued to be viewed as a great president. Some historians have criticized Lincoln for not being more strongly opposed to slavery，but others have defended him，saying that Lincoln's approach to the issue was realistic and humane. But nearly all historians agree that Lincoln was an honest and brave leader during the difficult period in American history.

在喜马拉雅已支持实时字幕 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”获取文稿和音频 词汇提示 1.archduke 大公 2.assassinated 刺杀 3.dispute 争端 4.intensely patriotic 强烈爱国 5.enthusiastically 热情地 6.filthy trenches 肮脏的战壕 7.eagerness 渴望 原文 How the First World War Started During the summer of 1914，many people in the Europe felt very optimistic about the future. Modern technology was improving people's lives. Political freedom was gradually increasing in many countries. New artistic styles and scientific discoveries were being made. But later the summer，a terrible war begun. In the early twentieth century，the various countries of Europe competed with each other in an attempt to be the most powerful country on the continent. In each country，many of the political leaders wanted to control more land，more people，and more resources. The First World War began when the archduke of Austria-Hungary was assassinated. Austria-Hungary wanted to punish the assassin，who was from the small country of Serbia. This led to a serious dispute，and soon other countries were involved. Within a few weeks，a war had began. On one side were Germany and Austria-Hungary，and on the other side were Russian，France and Britain. The people in these countries at first welcomed the news of a war. Many people were intensely patriotic，and supported the war effort with thinking carefully about the reasons for the war. Some people thought that the war would bring adventure and glory to their lives，and they cheered enthusiastically in the streets. After the war started，it soon became clear that it was a terrible disaster. In the Western part of Europe，the opposing side fought many bloody battles. Soldiers in both sides lived in filthy trenches that had been dug out of the ground. Sometimes，hundreds of thousands of men were killed in battles that lasted only a few days. In most cases，these battle did not result in large gains or losses of territory The war continued for more than four years. When the war was finally over，millions of people finally had been killed. Many people realized that their eagerness to fight against other countries had led them into a greater disaster. This disaster did not end when the war ended in 1918. During the next thirty years，there would be many violent revolution in Europe，and a second major war that would be even more worse than the first. Today，people in most European countries no longer view other countries as enemies. They have no interest in fighting war with their neighbors. Instead，they are interested in trading with other countries，and in visiting those countries as tourists. The lessons of the twentieth century have reminded people that wars can have terrible consequences.

在喜马拉雅已支持实时字幕 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”获取文稿和音频 词汇提示 1.salmon 鲑鱼 2.canoes 独木舟 3.totem poles 图腾柱 4.mythical 神话的 5.spiritual 精神的 6.signficance 意义 7.plain 平原 8.buffalo 水牛 9.bison 野牛 10.prairie 草原 11.squash 南瓜 12.herds 牧群 13.portable 轻便的 14.weaving 编织 15.fortified 设防的 16.inhabited 居住 17.primarily 主要的 原文 North American Indians The first people who lived in North America were the Indians. The name“Indians”are not very accurate，because the people are not from India. But when the first Europeans came to North America，they mistakenly believed that they have reached India，so they referred the people as Indians. In different parts of North America，the Indians have very different cultures and very different ways to making a living. On the west coast of North America，many large rivers flow into the Pacific Ocean. In these rivers is an abundance of fish，such as salmon. The Indians in these areas obtained much of their food by fishing. They lived in settled village，and became experts in carving the wood from the tall trees of the area. They carved large canoes for travelling on the rivers and oceans，and they also carved tall“totem poles”. Totem poles were carvings of various animals and human figures，and often the poles had a mythical or spiritual significance for the people who carved them. Many beautiful totem poles can be seen in the cities such as Vancouver or Victoria，in the Canadian state of British Columbia；or Seattle，in the American state of Washington. The Plains Indians lived in the central prairie of North America. The various nations of the Plains were lived by hunting the large animals called buffalo，or bison. Horses brought to North America in sixteenth century by the Spanish. The Indians lived in the prairies areas had learned to become experts at riding horses，and on horseback they could hunt the giant herds of bison. They followed the buffalo from place to place. The Plains Indians lived in portable houses called“teepees”，which were made by sewing together buffalo skins，and holding them in place with wooden poles. In the southwestern United States，some Indians lived by farming. In this dry areas，the Indians raised several crops，such as corn，beans，and squash. Many of the Indians in these areas lived in large settlements，where the houses were made by stones or dried mud. The people were experts at weaving，and they made clothes and blankets that had beautiful artistic designs. Near the eastern coast of North America，many Indians lived by a combination of farming and hunting. These people lived in a fortified villages，some of which were inhabited for many years at a time. In some places，they built large earthwork that can still be seen today. In the forests of northern Canada，the Indians lived primarily by hunting，fishing and gathering. Like the Indians of the prairie regions，they often moved from place to place in search of game animals to hunt. Today，the Indians in North America no longer live in their traditional ways. However，several Indians languages are still spoken by many thousands of people. Also，many Indians in the United States and Canada are very interested in maintaining the cultural traditions of their ancestors.

在喜马拉雅已支持实时字幕 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”获取文稿和音频 词汇提示 1.hemisphere 半球 2.formerly 原先 3.communist 共产主义的 4.overthrew 推翻 5.cigars 雪茄 6.descendant 后代 7.diverse 多种多样的 8.destinations 目的地 原文 The Islands of Caribbean The Caribbean Sea is the large body of water that lies north of the northern tip of South America. Within the Caribbean Sea are many islands that have played an important role in the history and culture of the Western hemisphere. By far the largest island in the Caribbean is Cuba. Cuba was formerly a colony of Spain，but became independent in 1902. Cuba became a Communist country in 1959，when a revolution overthrew an unpopular government. After the revolution，many Cubans fled to the United States. Today，the American city of Miami，in the state of Florida，has been greatly influenced by Cuban culture. Tobacco is widely grown in Cuba，and the country is famous for the cigars that are produced in the capital city，Havana. The island of Hispaniola is located just east of Cuba. This island is divided into two countries. In the west is Haiti，where the people speak a variety of the French language that has been influenced by African languages. In the east is the Dominican Republic，where the people speak Spanish. Another important Caribbean island is Puerto Rico. This was previously a Spanish colony，but it is now governed by the United States. Many people from Puerto Rico have moved to the mainland United States，especially the New York area. In many other islands in Caribbean，English is the main language. The largest of these islands is Jamaica，which is located just south of Cuba. Most Jamaicans are the descendants of African people who were brought to work as slave on sugar plantations. Jamaica is famous as the birthplace of the style of music called“reggae”，which was popularized in other countries by Bob Marley，a famous Jamaican musician. Another important English-speaking Caribbean island is Trinidad. This island is located just north of South America. The population of Trinidad is very diverse. The largest groups of people are descended from people who came from Africa and India，but there are many other nationalities also. Trinidad is very famous for a style of music known as“calypso”，and for musicians who produce pleasant sounds by playing steel drums. There are many other smaller islands in the Caribbean，each with its own unique features. Many of these islands possess fine beaches，and are popular tourist destinations. The warm weather of the Caribbean makes it a popular place for Northern American people who must live through cold winters！

在喜马拉雅已支持实时字幕 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”获取文稿和音频 词汇提示 1.navigator 领航员 2.engages in 从事 3.mischief 恶作剧 4.fence 栅栏 5.moral 道德的 原文 Samuel Clemens，or Mark Twain Mark Twain was the author of some of the greatest works of American English literature，such as Tom Sawyer，Life on the Mississippi，and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Mark Twain's real name was Samuel Longhorn Clemens. He used Mark Twain as his“pen name”. Samuel Clemens was born in the American state of Missouri in 1835. As a child he enjoyed many outdoor activities，such as swimming and fishing. When Samuel was eleven years old，his father died，and he began to work to support his family. As a young man，Samuel Clemens began to write stories for newspapers. However，he took a job working as a navigator on the steamboats that travelled up and down the Mississippi River. Clemens greatly enjoyed this period of his life，during which time he gained much knowledge about life on the river. He also leaned much about human behavior by observing the many people on the boats and along the river. It was as a result of this time that Clemens began using his pen name，Mark Twain. This name was taken from a term that was used by the men who worked on the river. It is used to describe the water that is just deep enough to be navigated safely. The earliest Mark Twain's famous novels was The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. This novel describes a boy who engages in much mischief，but who has a kind heart. The story contains several scenes that are quite funny. In one of these，Tom is working at the boring task of painting a fence. He persuades some other boys to help him，by pretending that painting the fence is a fun and enjoyable activity. Another famous novel by Mark Twain was Life on the Mississippi. This book describes many interesting characters similar to those that Mark Twain actually observed while working on a steamboat. This story gives the reader a vivid image of the people who lived and worked along the Mississippi River. Probably the best novel by Mark Twain was The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn. This novel tells a story of a boy who runs away from his violent father. The boy，whose name is Huckleberry Finn，is joined in his escape by a man named Jim. Jim is a slave who has decided to run away from his owners. Huck and Jim travel north along the Mississippi，hoping to reach the areas where slavery is not allowed. In this story，the reader can experience the moral sense of Huckleberry，who must make several important decisions during the escape. Mark Twain died in 1910，after writing many more novels and many stories of his travels around the world. Twain's works are still widely read today. His books are appreciated for their humor，for their interesting descriptions of life in nineteenth century America，and for showing both the good and evil that people can do. Many critics consider Twain to have been the greatest American writer.

在喜马拉雅已支持实时字幕 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”获取文稿和音频 词汇提示 1.clerk 文书 2.workhouse 济贫院 3.court 法院 4.parliament 议会 5.carol 颂歌 6.stingy 吝啬的 7.donate 捐献 8.tale 历险记 9.upheaval 剧变 10.sacrifice 牺牲 11.assembled 集合 原文 Charles Dickens Charles Dickens is considered one of the greatest writer in the history of English literature. Dickens wrote his many novels during the nineteenth century，but those novels remain popular even today. Literary experts admire his genius at describing lives and personalities of the many characters in his books. Charles Dickens was born in England in 1812. His father was a clerk who worked for the Navy. Unfortunately，his father was not good at managing money，and the family soon went deeply into debt. In those days ，people who owed money were sent to prison，and his families were sent to places called“workhouses”. When Charles's father was unable to pay the debts，Charles was sent to a workhouse，where he had to work for long hours，and Charles's father was sent to prison. After a few years，the families regained its freedom，but the experience had a lasting effect upon Charles. As a young man，Charles Dickens worked as a journalist in the law courts and in Parliament. But he soon began writing stories for newspapers. These stories were very popular with the readers. Soon，Dickens began writing entire novels for the newspapers. Each month，newspaper would publish another chapter of Dickens's latest novel One of Dickens's most famous early novels is called Oliver Twist. This is the story of a young man who is poor and alone in the city of London，and becomes involved in criminal activities to support himself. The characters in this novel have a very wide range of personalities，but seem very real to the reader. This book exposed the conditions that faced the poor people of London，and helped to encourage reforms aimed at improving those conditions. Perhaps Dickens's most popular novel is A Christmas Carol. In this story，a rich but stingy old man，Ebenezer Scrooge，refuses to give his employee a day off work at Christmas，and refuses to donate his money to help the poor. But，while sleeping，Scrooge is visiting by ghosts from his past，present and future These ghosts show Scrooge how badly he has behaved. When Scrooge wakes up，he becomes a kind and generous man who fully appreciates the spirit of the Christmas holiday. Another famous novel of Dickens's is A Tale of Two Cities. This is a story of the violence and upheaval during the French Revolution. The story is famous for the heroic act of sacrifice that is made by one character for the benefit of the others. Dickens was famous as a public speaker，and large crows assembled to hear his performances. When he died in 1870，he was a very famous man. The novels of Charles Dickens allow readers to experience the life of nineteenth century London，showing the poverty and injustice that were so common. The characters of these novels show the range of human behavior，from cruelty and selfishness to kindness and love. It is no surprise that Dickens is viewed as one of the great figures of English literature.

在喜马拉雅已支持实时字幕 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”获取文稿和音频 词汇提示 1.democratic elections 民主选举 2.widow 寡妇 3.assumed 假定 4.behalf 利益 5.possess 拥有 6.discipline 纪律 7.suffrage 选举权 原文 Women and the Right to Vote In most countries today，people think it is obvious that all adults should have the right to vote in democratic elections. But it was not as so long ago that women did not have this right. Only after a long struggle did women gain the right to vote. By the early nineteenth century，modern democratic forms of government were appearing in the United States，Great Britain，and some European countries. In these countries，most adult men have the right to vote in democratic elections. Some men were denied this right if they were poor or if they were belong to a racial minority group，but gradually this right was extended to all men. It took much longer for women to gain this right to vote. Only in special cases，such as that of a widow who owned land，could a women be allowed to vote. Many men believed that it was not necessary for women to vote，because they assumed that the husband should decide on behalf of his wife. Some men believed that women did not possess the intelligence or the discipline to vote carefully. Some women also believed that women should not be involved in politics，but many others wanted the right to vote. By about the year of 1850，some women began to organize in an effort to change the laws regarding women and the vote. This movement was known as the“women suffrage”movement，because the word“suffrage”means voting. Leaders such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton brought attention to this issue，and persuaded many people that women should vote. The first part of the United States to recognize women's right to vote was Wyoming，in the year 1869. During the following decades，many other states recognized women's right to vote，particularly in the western part of the country，where the women had a high social statues. However，the United States was not the first country to recognize the women's right to vote at the national level. The first country to recognize the women's right to vote was New Zealand，in 1893. Soon after，Australia also allowed women to vote，and so did the Scandinavia countries of northern Europe. But in countries such as the United States，Canada，and Great Britain，women could not yet vote. Women in those countries struggled to gain the vote. For example，in Great Britain，Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters participated in hunger strikes. During World War One（1914-1918），women's work efforts were very important to winning the war，and people's attitudes increasingly in favor of women having the right to vote. Women then gained the right to vote in Canada，the United States，and Great Britain. Gradually，other democracies around the world also recognized women's right to vote. Today，it seems difficult to believed that women were not allowed to vote only a few generations ago. But there is still a progress to be made. In many countries，women are under-represented among political leaders. Perhaps the day will soon come when women are elected as often as men.

在喜马拉雅已支持实时字幕 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”获取文稿和音频 词汇提示 1.glamorous 迷人的 2.derived 获得 3.hub 重心 4.shores 海岸 5.minor trading post 小型贸易战 6.lamp 灯 7.atmosphere 气氛 8.notorious 臭名昭著的 9.prohibition 禁令 10.mobsters 匪徒 11.smuggling 走私 12.liquor 烈酒 13.rival gangs 敌对帮派 14.poverty 贫穷 15.racial conflict 种族冲突 16.prospered 繁荣的 17.institute 机构 18.aquarium 水族馆 19.district 地区 原文 Chicago Chicago is one of the most famous American cities. Some cities in the United States-such as New York，Los Angeles，and San Francisco-may be more glamorous，but many people agree that Chicago is the city that best represents the United States. Located in the middle of North America，Chicago has derived much benefit from its geography. The city's central location has made its O'Hare International Airport the“hub”for most airlines in the United States. Its location on the shores of Lake Michigan has made it a major port and business center，where the agricultural and industrial products of the American Midwest are shipped overseas. Until about the 1830s，Chicago was a minor trading post. But then it grew rapidly as the most important town in the rapidly developing areas of the Midwest United States. In the 1871，the city was destroyed by a fire. It is often said that the fire started when a cow knocked over an oil lamp. It took about 20 years for the city to be completely rebuilt，but it continued to expand. In 1882，the first skyscraper was built in Chicago. Around the turn of the century，the population of Chicago was growing quickly. Many African-American people moved to Chicago from southern United States，and many immigrants from Eastern Europe also arrived in Chicago during this time Because of the busy and active atmosphere of the city，an American poet described Chicago as“the city of broad shoulders”. Chicago became notorious for organized crime during the Prohibition Era of the 1920s，when the sale of alcohol was illegal. Mobsters such as AI Capone became rich by smuggling liquor，and many people were killed in conflicts between rival gangs of criminals. But the influence of organized crime later became weaker. In the decades following World War Two，Chicago experienced some problems with crime，poverty，and racial conflict. However，the city has recently prospered，and social conditions have improved for many people in Chicago. Compared with other large cities，Chicago is viewed an affordable place to live，with a high quality of life. The city has an efficient transportation，and many beautiful parks along the Lake Michigan shoreline. Chicago is famous for its many attractions，including the Art Institute of Chicago，the Field Museum of Natural History，the Shedd Aquarium，the Sears Tower，and the“Miracle Mile”shopping district. Indeed，Chicago is one of the most interesting cities in the United States.