提示 1.每期为一篇听力题，每篇裁剪为若干片段，每个片段重复四遍。 2.可以前两遍盲听理解，后两遍根据文字内容精听。 3.根据中英文意思，听不懂的地方多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.Arctic 北极 2.hovers 靠近 3.stunning 震惊 4.bizarre 反常的 5.surge 上升 6.melting 融化 7.penetrate 穿透 8.indigenous 本地的 9.ecosystems 生态系统 原文 2018.12六级第一套 Passage One During the arctic winter from October to March, the average temperature in the frozen north typically hovers around minus 20 degrees Celsius. 在10月至次年3月的北极冬季，冰冻北部的平均温度通常在零下20摄氏度左右徘徊。 But this year the Arctic is experiencing much higher temperatures. 但是今年北极正在经历更高的温度。 On February the 20th the temperature in Greenland climbed above freezing or zero degrees Celsius and it stayed there for over 24 hours. 2月20日，格陵兰岛的气温升至零摄氏度以上，并保持超过24个小时。 Then on February the 24th the temperature on Greenland's northern tip reached six degrees Celsius. 然后在2月24日，格陵兰岛北端的温度达到了6摄氏度。 Climate scientists describe the phenomenon as stunning. Weather conditions that drive this bizarre temperature surge have visited the Arctic before. 气候科学家称这种现象令人震惊。导致气温反常飙升的情况过去也曾在北极发生过。 They typically appear about once in a decade. However, the last such increase in temperature took place two years ago. 它们通常每十年发生一次。然而，上一次这样的温度升高是两年前才发生的。 This is troubling as climbing arctic temperatures combined with rapid sea ice loss are creating a new type of climate feedback loop which could accelerate Arctic warming. 这令人不安，因为不断升高的北极温度加上快速的海冰损失，正在创造一种新型的气候反馈循环，而它可以加速北极变暖。 Indeed, sea ice cover in the Arctic is melting faster than expected. Without those masses of cooling sea ice, warm air brought to the Arctic can penetrate further inland than it ever did before. 实际上，北极的海冰盖融化速度比预期的要快。如果没有大量海冰的冷却，被带到北极的暖空气可以比以前更深入地渗透到内陆。 The air can stay warmer longer too. This drives additional melting. 空气也可以保持更长时间的温暖。这会带来更多的融化。 Overall earth is warming at a rapid pace. 2014 through 2017 rank as the hottest years on record and the Arctic is warming twice as fast as any place else on earth. 整个地球正在快速变暖。2014年至2017年是有记录以来最热的年份，而北极的变暖速度是地球上任何其他地方的两倍。 This raises unique challenges for Arctic wildlife and indigenous people who depend on Arctic ecosystems to survive. 这给依赖北极生态系统生存的北极野生动物和土著居民带来了特殊的挑战。 Previously climate forecasts predicted that Arctic summer ice would disappear entirely by around 2060, but based on what scientists are seeing now the Arctic may be facing summers without ice within 20 years. 先前的气候预测估计，北极夏季冰将在2060年左右完全消失，但根据科学家现在所看到的情况，北极可能在20年内就会面临无冰的夏季。 问题： 9: What did climate scientists describe as stunning? A) The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland. B) The collapse of ice on the northern tip of Greenland. C) The unusual cold spell in the Arctic area in October. D) The rapid change of Arctic temperature within a day. 10: What does the passage say about that temperature surge in the Arctic? A) It has created a totally new climate pattern. B) It will pose a serious threat to many species. C) It typically appears about once every ten years. D) It has puzzled the climate scientists for decades. 11: What may occur in 20 years according to scientists' recent observations? A) Extinction of Arctic wildlife. B) Iceless summers in the Arctic. C) Emigration of indigenous people. D) Better understanding of ecosystems.

提示 一、十个句子每个句子念两遍，念完后从头再念两遍。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.striker 前锋 2.tackle 抢断球 3.withstand 承受 4.disheartened 灰心丧气 5.anxious 焦虑 6.Quran 古兰经 7.solely 纯粹的 原文 91. Although the accident has delayed progress by one month, we have managed to catch up with the schedule. 尽管事故使进度延迟了一个月，我们还是设法赶上了日程表。 92. Lionel Messi is one of the best strikers in the world. He has scored the most goals ever for Barcelona. 里奥·梅西是世界上最杰出的前锋之一，他是巴塞罗那进球最多的球员。 93. When Mike tried to tackle the other player, he pushed him and he was given a yellow card and a warning. 当迈克试图铲球的时候，他用手推了对方球员一把，结果得到了黄牌警告。 94. Because all of the teams in the Premier League are really strong, the goal difference is usually small. 因为在甲级联赛中，所有队伍都很有实力，净胜球差异很小。 95. At what age will I be able to withstand what now hurts me so easily, makes me disheartened and anxious? 到了多少岁之后，我才能变得不会轻易地被某些东西伤害，沮丧，彷徨失措呢。 96. Europe, with its four distinct seasons, is the most suitable environment for the human race to live in. 欧洲的四季分明，是最适合人类居住的环境。 97. This science fiction story seems interesting. Will you lend it to me when you have finished reading it? 这个科幻故事似乎很有趣。你看完的时候能不能借给我？ 98. Tom wanted to be able to read the original Quran and solely for that reason he started learning Arabic. 汤姆是为了能够看懂古兰经的原文才去开始学习阿拉伯语的。 99. If you'd listen a little more carefully to what the teacher says, you'd probably be able to understand. 假如你在老师讲课的时候再集中一点去听讲的话，你应该就能弄明白了。 100. The official languages of the United Nations are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. 联合国的正式语言是阿拉伯文，中文，英文，法文，俄文，和西班牙文。

听前提示 一、三遍英文，一遍中文，再一遍英文。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.polite 礼貌 2.Siberian 西伯利亚 3.cheating 作弊 原文 91. To know a language is one thing, and to teach it is another. 会一门语言是一回事，教一门语言是另一回事。 92. On arriving at the station, I called a friend of mine. 一到车站，我就给一个朋友打了电话。 93. Whichever way you may take, you can get to the station in about ten minutes. 不管你走哪条路，都可以在十分钟内到达车站。 94. Please pick me up by car in front of the hotel. 请开车到酒店前面来接我。 95. Working part-time at a supermarket, I found that some customers were polite whereas others weren't. 我在一家超市做兼职，发现有些顾客很有礼貌，而有些则不然。 96. I want to study abroad, even if my parents are against it. 尽管父母反对，我也想出国留学。 97. The Siberian Railway is at once the longest and best-known railway in the world. 西伯利亚是世界上最长、最著名的铁路。 98. Once you've got into a bad habit, it can be difficult to get out of it. 一旦你养成了坏习惯，就很难改掉。 99. I may as well go out than stay at home. 我宁愿出去也不愿呆在家里。 100. The teacher had her eye on me because she thought I was cheating. 老师盯着我，因为她认为我在作弊。

词汇提示 1.pamphlets 手册 2.circulated 流通 3.dispatch 电讯 4.illustration 插图 5.pioneer 先驱 6.sensational 轰动的 7.imitated 模仿 8.gossip 八卦 9.horoscope 星座 原文 Newspapers All the great cities in the world now have newspapers. But newspapers, as we know them today, are not that old. The very first newspapers began long after the invention of printing. They started in Europe in the 1600s, and were usually only a couple of pages long. For a long time, newspapers were not very common. Governments didn't want public discussion of their policies and decisions. Often they closed down papers, or taxed them heavily. The "Stamp Tax" on newspapers and pamphlets was one of the causes of the American Revolution. Newspapers began to grow in size when they discovered advertising as a source of income. Nowadays, advertising is the main revenue source for most newspapers. As newspapers became more widely circulated, they could ask for more money for their advertisements. By the late eighteenth century, newspapers were in common use in Europe. The 1800s and early 1900s was the golden age of newspapers. Improvements in transportation, communication and printing processes made it easier to collect news from near and far and to publish papers more quickly and more cheaply. The Weekly Dispatch and the Times, both of London, England, were leading newspapers through much of the 1800s. The Times was one of the first papers to include illustrations. It was the first newspaper to use a steam engine to turn the presses. When the tax on newspapers was reduced in 1836, the Times was able to increase its size considerably. In 1840, it began to use the telegraph to collect news stories. In 1855 the tax on newspapers was finally lifted. The Times made its greatest reputation during the Crimean War between Britain and Russia. British armies, fighting in Russia's Crimean Peninsula, were not only unsuccessful in the war, but were suffering severely from illnesses. The Times sent out the world's first war correspondent, William Howard Russell, in 1854. His reports from the battle lines had a powerful effect on the British public. A War Fund was organized to help the soldiers Russell forced the government to accept the offer of Florence Nightingale to organize nurses to travel to Crimea. A photographer, Roger Fenton, sent back photos from the war, which were published in the Times. Meanwhile in America, a more popular approach to newspapers had developed. The newspaper had spread west with the pioneers, and nearly every little settlement had its own paper. American newspapers were cheaper and livelier than British ones. They were aimed at the average person, rather than the governing class. Examples of the new style of editing and publishing were Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst. Hearst, especially, employed sensational and emotional writing, which aimed at stirring up the public to action. Hearst is sometimes accused of starting the Spanish-American War of 1898 with his over-heated editorials. Nonetheless, his methods were successful in raising circulation and were widely imitated. The modern newspaper contains more than hard news. In fact, news may be a fairly small part of it. Advertisements, gossip, show business, photos of celebrities, sports, stock market prices,horoscopes, comic strips, weather reports and much more are found in its pages. The modern newspaper is a total entertainment package. A question for the future is whether electronic newspapers will replace paper newspapers. 翻译 报纸 世界上所有的大城市现在都有报纸。 但报纸，正如我们今天所知，并没有那么古老。 最早的报纸是在印刷术发明很久之后开始的。 它们始于17世纪的欧洲，通常只有几页长。 在很长一段时间里，报纸并不常见。 政府不希望公众讨论他们的政策和决定。 他们经常关闭报纸，或对其征收重税。 报纸和小册子上的“印花税”是美国革命的原因之一。 当报纸发现广告是一种收入来源时，它们的规模开始扩大。 如今，广告是大多数报纸的主要收入来源。 随着报纸的传播越来越广泛，他们可以为广告索要更多的钱。 到了十八世纪末，报纸在欧洲已普遍使用。 19世纪和20世纪初是报纸的黄金时代。 运输、通信和印刷流程的改进使从远近收集新闻变得更加容易，并以更快、更低廉的价格发表论文。 英国伦敦的《周报》和《泰晤士报》在19世纪的大部分时间里都是领先的报纸。 《泰晤士报》是最早刊登插图的报纸之一。 这是第一家使用蒸汽机转动印刷机的报纸。 1836年，当报纸税降低时，《泰晤士报》得以大幅扩大其规模。 1840年，它开始使用电报收集新闻报道。 1855年，报纸税终于取消了。 《泰晤士报》在英国和俄罗斯之间的克里米亚战争中享有盛誉。 在俄罗斯克里米亚半岛作战的英国军队不仅在战争中失败，而且还患有严重的疾病。 1854年，《泰晤士报》派出了世界第一任战地记者威廉·霍华德·罗素。 他在前线的报道对英国公众产生了巨大的影响。 一个战争基金被组织了来帮助士兵 拉塞尔迫使政府接受弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔组织护士前往克里米亚的提议。 摄影师罗杰·芬顿（RogerFenton）发回了《泰晤士报》上刊登的战争照片。 与此同时，在美国，一种更受欢迎的报业方式已经形成。 报纸随着拓荒者向西传播，几乎每个小定居点都有自己的报纸。 美国报纸比英国报纸更便宜、更生动。 他们的目标是普通人，而不是统治阶级。 约瑟夫·普利策（JosephPulitzer）和威廉·伦道夫·赫斯特（WilliamRandolphHearst）就是这种新编辑出版风格的例子。 赫斯特尤其采用了耸人听闻和情绪化的写作，旨在激起公众的行动。 赫斯特有时被指控以其过于激烈的社论发动1898年的美西战争。 尽管如此，他的方法成功地提高了发行量，并被广泛模仿。 现代报纸包含的不仅仅是硬新闻。 事实上，新闻可能只是其中相当小的一部分。 广告、八卦、演艺事业、名人照片、体育、股市价格、星座、连环漫画、天气预报等等都可以在其页面上找到。 现代报纸是一个完全的娱乐包。 未来的问题是电子报纸是否会取代纸质报纸。 文稿及音频 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”

提示 1.每期为一篇听力题，每篇裁剪为若干片段，每个片段重复四遍。 2.可以前两遍盲听理解，后两遍根据文字内容精听。 3.根据中英文意思，听不懂的地方多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.dissertation 论文 2.aesthetics 美学 3.adhere 遵守 4.assigned 指定的 5.philosopher 哲学家 6.biography 传记 7.parameters 参数 8.cumulative 积累的 9.manifest 表现出来 原文 2018.12六级第一套 Conversation Two Hi professor. I was hoping I could have a moment of your time if you're not too busy. 教授，如果您不是太忙，我希望占用一点您的时间。 I'm having some problems getting started on my dissertation and I was hoping you could give me some advice on how to begin. 我在开始学位论文时遇到了一些问题，我希望你能就如何开始给我一些建议。 Sure. I have quite a few students though. So can you remind me what your topic is? 当然可以。不过我有过不少学生。那你能否告诉我下你的主题是什么？ The general topic I chose is aesthetics, but that's as far as I've got, I don't really know where to go from there. 我选择的大方向是美学，但就我所知，我真的不知道往哪里写。 Yeah, that's much too large a topic. You really need to narrow it down in order to make it more accessible. Otherwise you'll be writing a book. 是的，这个话题太大了。为了更容易完成，你真的需要缩小范围。否则你就是在写一本书。 Exactly. That's what I wanted to ask you about. I was hoping it would be possible for me to change topics. I'm really more interested in nature than beauty. 确实。这就是我想问你的问题。我希望我能够换个话题。我真的对大自然的兴趣要比美学大。 I'm afraid you have to adhere to the assigned topic. Still, If you're interested in nature, then that certainly can be worked into your dissertation. 恐怕你必须遵守指定的主题。而且，如果你对大自然感兴趣，那么这肯定可以写进你的论文。 We've talked about Hume before in class right. Oh yeah, he's the philosopher who wrote about where our ideas of beauty come from. 我们在课前谈到过休谟。 哦，是的，他是哲学家，他写过我们关于美的想法来自于哪里。 Exactly. I suggest you go to the library and get a copy of his biography. Start from there. But remember to stick to the parameters of the assignment. 完全正确。我建议你去图书馆看一本他的传记。从那里出发，不过要记得遵照作业要求来写。 This paper is a large part of your cumulative grade. So make sure to follow the instructions. 这篇论文占你总成绩的比重很大。所以，确保遵循说明。 If you take a look at his biography, You can get a good idea of how his life experiences manifest themselves in his theories of beauty. 如果你看看他的传记，你可以很好地了解他的生活经历如何在他的美学理论中表现出来。 Specifically the way he looked towards nature as the origin of what we find beautiful. 特别是他把自然看作是我们发现美丽的起源的方式。 Great. Thanks for taking the time to answer my questions, Professor. I'll let you get back to class now. If there's anything else you need, please come see me in my office any time. 太好了。教授，感谢您抽出宝贵时间回答我的问题。我就不打扰您上课了。 如果你还需要其他任何东西，请随时来我办公室找我。 问题： 5:What is the man's problem? A) He is too busy to finish his assignment in time. B) He does not know what kind of topic to write on. C) He does not understand the professor's instructions. D) He has no idea how to proceed with his dissertation. 6:what does the professor think of the man's topic? A) It is too broad. B) It is a bit outdated. C) It is challenging. D) It is interesting. 7: What's the man really more interested in? A) Biography. B) Nature. C) Philosophy. 8: What does the professor say the man has to do? A) Improve his cumulative grade. B) Develop his reading ability. C) Stick to the topic assigned. D) List the parameters first.

提示 一、十个句子每个句子念两遍，念完后从头再念两遍。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.have a bone to pick 挑毛病 2.essence 本质 3.carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 4.fuel 燃料 5.plum 李 6.blossoms 花 原文 81. If you have a bone to pick with a person, tell it to his face instead of saying things behind his back. 如果你们之间有问题，应该当面告诉他，不要在背后说他。 82. The amount of time someone is willing to spend on something may communicate how important it is to him. 从一个人在某件事上肯花多少时间，就能看出这件事对这个人有多重要。 83. That 'Ayumi' kid, only 13 but has performed in movies and theatres as a child actor since she was five. 那个叫做Ayumi的孩子，你别看她才十三岁，她五岁的时候就成了童星，在电影和舞台剧中演出了。 84. People who want to share their religious views with you almost never want you to share yours with them. 想要跟你分享他们宗教信仰的人几乎从不愿你跟他们分享你的。 85. Time is of the essence, Paul. If you don't tell her how you feel now, you'll never have another chance. 时间就是生命，保罗。如果你不告诉她你现在的感觉，你永远不会有第二次机会。 86. Carbon dioxide is a gas that is produced every time a fuel such as coal, oil, or natural gas is burned. 二氧化碳是燃烧煤、石油或天然气这样的燃料时会产生的气体。 87. In fact, love is the only genuinely precious thing in life; it's also the only thing worthy of pursuit. 其实爱情是人生唯一的、真正珍贵的；也是唯一的、真正值得追求的东西。 88. Country girls like to cut red paper into peach and plum blossoms and paste them onto doors and windows. 农村的女孩喜欢把红色的纸裁减成桃和李的花及贴在门窗上。 89. This is an example of confusing two things that have a common cause with one thing that causes another. 这显然是将属并列关系的两件事误解成为因果关系了。 90. Since all tasks have been completed without delay, we are ready to start the next phase of development. 既然所有的任务都按时完成了，我们已经准备好开始下一阶段的开发了。

听前提示 一、三遍英文，一遍中文，再一遍英文。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.to the tune of 达到...之多 2.with regard to 关于 3.at the sight of 看见...时 4.malicious 恶毒 5.gossip 谣言 原文 81. I had to pay the bill to the tune of ten dollars. 我不得不付了十美元的账单。 82. If it's not too much trouble, I would like some help. 如果不太麻烦的话，我想请你帮个忙。 83. I must keep a secret with regard to the fact. 关于这一事实，我必须保守秘密。 84. Feeling the house shake, I ran out into the yard at the back of the house. 感觉到房子在摇晃，我跑到房子后面的院子里。 85. Should he be given another chance, he would do his best. 如果再给他一次机会，他会尽最大努力。 86. You have to study hard to catch up with your class. 你必须努力学习才能赶上班里的其他人。 87. The girl began to cry at the sight of a dog. 那女孩一看见狗就哭了起来。 88. Malicious gossip spreads like wildfire. I guess that's why they say bad news travels fast. 恶意的流言蜚语如野火般蔓延。我想这就是为什么他们说坏事传千里。 89. One sunny day in April, I went out for a walk. 四月里的一天，天气晴朗，我出去散步。 90. It will be done a week from today, that is, on May 3. 从今天起一个星期，也就是5月3日，能够完成。

词汇提示 1.forts 要塞 2.rows 一行 3.vine 葡萄藤 4.mild 暖和的 5.humid 湿润的 6.flourish 茂盛的 7.shrubs 乔木 8.perfume 香气 9.enthusiasts 爱好者 10.marina 码头 11.wagon 马车 12.hectic 忙碌 原文 Niagara-on-the-Lake Niagara-on-the-Lake is a little town at the mouth of the Niagara River. It is only twelve miles north of Niagara Falls. It used to be true that very few tourists would bother to travel from the Falls down to Niagara-on-the-Lake. Nowadays, however, the little town itself is a major tourist attraction. The town has a remarkable history. The area played an important role in both the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. As a result, the little town has two forts, Fort George and Fort Mississauga. When Fort George was reconstructed for the public in the 1930s, Niagara-on-the-Lake got its first big tourist attraction. Because Niagara-on-the-Lake was the first capital of Ontario, it has many significant "firsts." There was the first parliament in the province, the first legal society, the first library, the first newspaper, the first museum building, and many more "firsts." Besides its history, the town, which is bordered by Lake Ontario and the Niagara River, has beautiful scenery. On a summer's day, visitors can watch the sailboats going out the river to the lake. On the landside, Niagara is part of the fruit belt of Ontario. Peaches, pears, apples, cherries and strawberries grow here in abundance. There are also long rows of vines, and winemaking has recently become a major industry. The mild humid climate allows plants to flourish. The trees, especially the oaks, grow to remarkable heights. Flowering trees and shrubs perfume the air in the spring. Gardens are often spectacular for much of the year. Because of this, Niagara-on-the-Lake attracts many painters and photographers. Many of the private homes also have a long history, and great care is taken to keep them looking their best. The biggest single attraction is the Shaw Festival Theatre. The Festival was founded in 1962 by a group of Shaw enthusiasts. Early productions were often held in the historic Court House on the main street, and plays still take place there. In 1973, however, a new 861 seat Shaw Theatre was built at the south end of town. Since then, traffic to Niagara- on-the-Lake has been steady all through the long summer season. In 1996, Niagara-on-the-Lake was voted "the prettiest town in Canada. Partly, it is the scale of things that makes the old town so attractive. The old town is only about eight blocks long by eight blocks wide. It has a population of little more than 1,000 people. Nonetheless, there is a lot for people to do and see. There are many interesting shops, old hotels, bookstores, art galleries, museums, a golf course, a marina, historic churches and cemeteries, several parks, three theatres and lots of restaurants. Because it is small, Niagara-on-the-Lake is a good place to walk around or bicycle around. There are also horse and wagon rides. Although the main street can be hectic in tourist season,one doesn't have to go far off the main street to get in touch with an older slower time. Most of the downtown buildings haven't changed much since the days of Queen Victoria,and tourists can still imagine that they are back in the days before computers and television. 翻译 湖上的尼亚加拉 湖上的尼亚加拉是尼亚加拉河口的一个小镇。 它离尼亚加拉大瀑布以北只有十二英里。 过去确实很少有游客愿意从瀑布到尼亚加拉湖。 然而，如今，这个小镇本身就是一个主要的旅游景点。 这个城镇有着非凡的历史。 该地区在美国独立战争和1812年战争中都发挥了重要作用。 因此，这个小镇有两座堡垒，乔治堡和米西索加堡。 20世纪30年代，乔治堡为公众重建时，湖边的尼亚加拉成为第一个大型旅游景点。 因为湖边的尼亚加拉是安大略省的首府，所以它有许多重要的“第一” 该省有第一个议会、第一个法律协会、第一个图书馆、第一份报纸、第一座博物馆大楼，还有更多的“第一” 除了历史之外，这个与安大略湖和尼亚加拉河接壤的小镇风景秀丽。 在夏天的一天，游客们可以看到帆船从河中驶向湖边。 在陆地上，尼亚加拉是安大略省水果带的一部分。 这里盛产桃子、梨、苹果、樱桃和草莓。 这里还有长长的葡萄藤，酿酒业最近已成为一个主要行业。 温和潮湿的气候使植物生长旺盛。 树木，尤其是橡树，长得很高。 开花的树木和灌木在春天的空气中散发出芬芳。 一年中的大部分时间里，花园都很壮观。 正因为如此，湖上的尼亚加拉吸引了许多画家和摄影师。 许多私人住宅也有着悠久的历史，我们非常小心地让它们保持最佳状态。 最大的单一景点是肖氏节日剧院。 这个节日是由一群萧伯纳迷于1962年创立的。 早期的演出通常在大街上的历史悠久的法院举行，戏剧仍在那里上演。 然而，1973年，一座拥有861个座位的新肖剧院在小镇南端建成。 从那时起，尼亚加拉湖的交通在漫长的夏季一直保持稳定。 1996年，尼亚加拉湖被评为“加拿大最美丽的城镇”。 在一定程度上，正是事物的规模使这座古城如此吸引人。 这座古城只有八个街区长，八个街区宽。 它的人口略多于1000人。 尽管如此，人们仍有很多事情要做和看。 这里有许多有趣的商店、老旅馆、书店、美术馆、博物馆、高尔夫球场、码头、历史悠久的教堂和墓地、几个公园、三个剧院和许多餐馆。 因为尼亚加拉湖很小，所以它是一个散步或骑自行车的好地方。 还有骑马和马车。 虽然在旅游旺季，主街可能会很繁忙，但人们不必离开主街太远，就可以接触到较旧的较慢时间。 自维多利亚女王时代以来，市中心的大多数建筑都没有太大变化，游客仍然可以想象他们回到了电脑和电视之前的时代。 文稿及音频 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”

提示 1.每期为一篇听力题，每篇裁剪为若干片段，每个片段重复四遍。 2.可以前两遍盲听理解，后两遍根据文字内容精听。 3.根据中英文意思，听不懂的地方多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.competent 出色的 2.discourse 论文 3.commended 表扬 4.anecdotes 轶事 5.myth 神话 6.medieval 中世纪 7.thicker 更厚 8.distortion 扭曲 9.cultivate 培养 10.engagement 参与 11.spinning 旋转 12.equation 公式 原文 2018.12六级第一套 Conversation One Hey I just read a great book about physics. I think you'd like it. It's called the physics of the world. 我刚读了一本关于物理学的好书。我想你会喜欢它。它被称为《世界物理学》。 It's written by a scientist named Sylvia Mendez. Oh I read that book. It was great. 它是由一位名叫Sylvia Mendez的科学家撰写的。 噢，我读过那本书。它太棒了。 The writer is a warm and competent guide to the mysteries of physics. 作者是一位引领人们走向物理奥秘的既热情而又出色的领路人。 I think it promises enrichment for any reader from those who know little about science to the career physicist. 我认为，无论是对那些对科学知之甚少的人还是职业的科学家，它都丰富了读者的认知。 And it's refreshing to see a strong curious clever woman adding her voice to the scientific discourse in a field that has been traditionally dominated by men. 看到一个强大、好奇并且聪明的女人在科学论述和传统上由男人主宰的领域中表达自己的观点，这令人耳目一新。 I think she is to be commended for making an effort to include anecdotes about little known female scientists. 我认为她必须受到赞扬，因为她努力将那些鲜为人知的女科学家们的轶事囊括在了书中。 You know they were often victims of a generation firmly convinced that the woman's place was in the home. 你知道他们那一代人坚信女人就应该待在家里，他们深受其害。 I like how the book is clearly written with each chapter brought to life by pieces of fascinating knowledge. 我喜欢这本书是如何清晰地被写出来的，每一章都通过一些引人入胜的知识片段而栩栩如生。 For example in one chapter she exposes a myth that I've heard taught by university physics professors. 例如在一章中，她讲述了一个我听大学物理教授们讲过的神话。 I've often heard that medieval glass windows are thicker at the bottom because glass flows like a fluid. 我过去常听说中世纪的玻璃窗底部较厚，因为玻璃像流体一样流动。 This, she shows, is not true. The distortion is actually thanks to a peculiarity of the glass-makers' process. 她表示，这不是真的。这种扭曲实际上要归因于玻璃制造过程的特殊性。 Yeah I like how she cultivates scientific engagement by providing a host of Do It Yourself experiments that bring the same foundational principles of classical physics that govern everything from the solar system to your kitchen table. 是的，我喜欢她通过提供一系列“自己动手做”的实验来培养读者的科学参与性。这些实验会介绍从控制太阳系到餐桌的相同的经典物理基本原理。 From using complex laws of physics to test whether a spinning egg is cooked to measuring atmospheric pressure by lifting a piece of cardboard. 从使用复杂的物理定律来测试旋转的鸡蛋是否被煮熟，到通过浮起一块纸板来测量大气压力。 Her hands-on examples make her book atruly interactive read. Yes I must say this equation-free book is an ideal read for scientists of all stripes, anyone teaching science and even people who dislike physics. 她亲手实践的例子使她的书成为真正的交互式阅读。 是的，我必须说这本没有写满公式的书，对于各种科学家、任何教科学的人甚至不喜欢物理学的人来说都是理想的读物。 问题： 1: What does the woman say about the book the man recommended? A It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike. B It lists the various challenges physicists are confronting. C It describes how some mysteries of physics were solved. D It is one of the most fascinating physics books ever written. 2: What can we find in the book the man recommended? A Physicists' contribution to humanity. B Stories about some female physicists. C Historical evolution of modern physics. D Women's changing attitudes to physics. 3: How does the author bring her book to life? A By exposing a lot of myths in physics. B By describing her own life experiences. C By including lots of fascinating knowledge. D By telling anecdotes about famous professors. 4: How does the book cultivate readers' interest in physics? A It avoids detailing abstract concepts of physics. B It contains a lot of thought-provoking questions. C It demonstrates how they can become physicists. D It provides experiments they can do themselves.

提示 一、十个句子每个句子念两遍，念完后从头再念两遍。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.scrape together 拼凑 2.desert 抛弃 3.sympathy 同情的 4.motivation 激励的 5.guaranteed 保证 6.stupidity 愚蠢 7.rectifying 改正 原文 71. Because it's a developing country, some aspects of China aren't as good as those in Western countries. 因为中国是个发展中的国家，所以有的方面没有西方国家那么好。 72. When real life friends desert us, books are always ready to offer friendship, sympathy and motivation. 生活中的朋友弃我们不顾之时，书随时给我们送来友谊、同情和鼓励。 73. The result of the invention of the steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power. 机械力代替人力，这是蒸汽机发明的结果。 74. I don't know when spring will come and when the flowers will bloom. It was still snowing this morning. 不知何时春暖花开，今天早晨还下雪了。 75. Ronaldo is a prolific goal scorer and it's almost guaranteed that he will score a goal in every match. 罗纳尔多是一个多产射手，基本上他能在每一场比赛中进球。 76. The best wealth is knowledge, average wealth is children, and the smallest wealth is material objects. 最好的财富是知识，一般的财富是孩子，最小的财富是物质。 77. Intelligence is doing what you are supposed to, while stupidity is doing what you are not supposed to. 做该做的事是智慧，做不该做的事是愚痴。 78. Do you plan to return to your home country or to continue staying in the Netherlands after graduating? 毕业后打算回国还是继续留在荷兰呢？ 79. Teachers must get tired of rectifying the same mistakes over and over again in their students' papers. 老师肯定厌倦了一遍又一遍地纠正学生试卷中同样的错误。 80. In short, it is because the 'plan.doc' file I attached in the previous email was infected with a virus. 简单来说，就是因为我附在上一封电邮的「plan.doc」档案被电脑病毒感染了。

听前提示 一、三遍英文，一遍中文，再一遍英文。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.victim 受害者 2.poison 毒药 3.Vancouver 温哥华 4.secretary 秘书 5.flat tire 瘪了的轮胎 原文 71. It is so good to be able to speak a number of foreign languages. 能说几门外语真是太好了。 72. The victim is thought to have taken a large quantity of poison by mistake. 受害者被认为误服了大量毒药。 73. I will have been to Vancouver three times if I go once again this summer. 如果今年夏天再去一次，我就已经去过温哥华三次了。 74. In this country the average number of children per family fell from 2 to 1.5. 在这个国家，每个家庭的平均孩子数量从2个下降到1.5个。 75. I never see this photo without being reminded of my happy days in the countryside. 每当我看到这张照片，就会想起我在农村的快乐时光。 76. I'd like to spend my holidays reading history books or classics. 我想在假期里读历史书或古典名著。 77. That job was not very interesting, but on the other hand it was well paid. 那份工作不太有趣，但从另一方面来说，报酬却很优厚。 78. This is the place where she works as a secretary. 这是她当秘书的地方。 79. The candle grew shorter and shorter, until at last it went out. 蜡烛越来越短，最后熄灭了。 80. I had to push my bicycle because I had a flat tire. 我不得不推着自行车走，因为车胎瘪了。

词汇提示 1.flourishing 繁荣的 2.capable 能干的 3.severe 严重的 4.scarlet fever 猩红热 5.spoiled 宠坏的 6.substantial 大量的 7.resembles 仿效 8.sequel 续集 原文 Louisa May Alcott New England, in the early and middle years of the 19th century, had a flourishing culture. People were passionately interested in ideas and education. Most New Englanders were strongly opposed to slavery. They were also concerned about other social issues. New ideas resulted in new kinds of writing. These ideas included the importance of doing what seemed right for them, no matter how different it was from what other people thought. People also believe that nature gave them guidance in our lives, and that it was important to live close to nature. These and other ideas were expressed through teaching and writing. Bronson Alcott was one of those who looked at the world in a new way. He looked for work as a teacher so that he could pass on his ideas to others. However, very few parents wanted Mr. Alcott to teach their children, and very few people were interested in hearing his speeches or reading his books. As a result, the Alcott family was very poor. Fortunately for Bronson, he married a very capable and energetic woman, Mrs. Abigail Alcott, helped to earn money to support the family and did most of the work involved in looking after the four Alcott girls. The oldest daughter, Anna, was quiet and serious. She rarely got into trouble and was a good helper at home. The second daughter was Louisa May Alcott, who became a writer. She was adventurous and cared very little for rules. She was always saying and doing things that got her into trouble. The third daughter, Elizabeth, was very kind and good natured. All the others loved her. As a young woman, Elizabeth had a severe case of scarlet fever and never fully recovered. She died at age 23. The youngest sister, may was talented, but she was rather spoiled. Because there was never enough money, the Alcott girls felt pressure to work at an early age. But this did not stop them from having fun. Louisa wrote little plays that she and her sisters performed at home. They all enjoyed the woods and ponds around Concord, Massachusetts, where they lived most of these years. When they moved back to Boston in 1848, Anna took a job looking after other people's children, and Louisa looked after the house. Meanwhile, their mother worked outside the home,. While working on laundry or sewing, Louisa was thinking up stories, at night she would write them down. When she was 18, she began selling poems and stories to magazines. Within ten years, Louisa was earning a substantial income from writing. One day, her publisher suggested that she write a story for girls. At first, Louisa didn't like the suggestion, but when she started to write, the ideas came rapidly. Her book was based on her own family and her own childhood. “Little Women” was published in 1868 and was an immediate success. The March family was very much like the Alcott. Mrs. Alcott resembles “Marmee”. “Meg” is like Anna and “Jo” is like Louisa herself. “Beth” is based on Elizabeth and “Amy” on May Alcott. Many of the situations in the book happened to the Alcott family. Nonetheless, many characters and incidents were invented little women. And its sequel opened up a new kind of writing for children. While these books did have a moral, they were more lively and interesting than earlier children's writing. “Little Women” inspired many writers later to write more realistic accounts of childhood. 翻译 路易莎·梅·奥尔科特 19世纪初和中期的新英格兰有着繁荣的文化。 人们对思想和教育非常感兴趣。 大多数新英格兰人强烈反对奴隶制。 他们还关心其他社会问题。 新思想产生了新的写作方式。 这些想法包括做对他们来说似乎是正确的事情的重要性，无论它与其他人的想法有多么不同。 人们还相信大自然在我们的生活中给了他们指引，亲近大自然是很重要的。 这些想法和其他想法都是通过教学和写作表达出来的。布朗森·奥尔科特是以一种新的方式看待世界的人之一。 他想找一份当老师的工作，以便把自己的想法传给别人。 然而，很少有家长希望奥尔科特教授他们的孩子，也很少有人对听他的演讲或读他的书感兴趣。 结果，奥尔科特一家很穷。 布朗森幸运的是，他娶了一位非常能干、精力充沛的女性——阿比盖尔·奥尔科特夫人，帮助他挣钱养家，并完成了照顾四个奥尔科特女孩的大部分工作。 大女儿安娜安静而严肃。 她很少惹麻烦，是家里的好帮手。 二女儿是路易莎·梅·奥尔科特，她后来成为了一名作家。 她喜欢冒险，很少注意规则。 她总是说些什么，做些什么，让她陷入麻烦。 三女儿伊丽莎白非常善良。 其他人都爱她。 年轻时，伊丽莎白患了严重的猩红热，从未完全康复。 她在23岁时去世。 最小的妹妹梅很有天赋，但她被宠坏了。 因为从来没有足够的钱，奥尔科特家的女孩们在很小的时候就感到了工作的压力。 但这并没有阻止她们玩得开心。 路易莎写了一些她和姐妹们在家里玩的故事。 他们都喜欢马萨诸塞州康科德附近的树林和池塘，这些年他们大部分时间都住在那里。 1848年，当他们搬回波士顿时，安娜找到了一份照顾别人孩子的工作，路易莎则负责照看房子。 与此同时，他们的母亲在外面工作。 在干着洗衣或缝纫的工作的时候，路易莎会在想故事，晚上她会把它们写下来。 18岁时，她开始向杂志出售诗歌和故事。 不到十年，路易莎就从写作中获得了可观的收入。 一天，她的出版商建议她为女孩写一个故事。 起初，路易莎不喜欢这个建议，但当她开始写作时，想法很快就产生了。 她的书是根据她自己的家庭和童年写成的。 《小妇人》出版于1868年，立即获得成功。 马奇一家很像奥尔科特一家。 阿尔科特夫人很像“玛米”。 “梅格”像安娜，“乔”像路易莎自己。 “贝丝”改编自伊丽莎白，而“艾米”改编自梅·奥尔科特自己。 书中的许多情况都发生在奥尔科特一家身上。 尽管如此，许多人物和事件都是由小妇人创造的。 它的续集为孩子们开辟了一种新的写作方式。 虽然这些书确实有寓意，但它们比早期儿童的作品更生动有趣。 《小妇人》启发了许多作家后来写更多关于童年的真实故事。 文稿及音频 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”