提示 1.每期为一篇听力题，每篇裁剪为若干片段，每个片段重复四遍。 2.可以前两遍盲听理解，后两遍根据文字内容精听。 3.根据中英文意思，听不懂的地方多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.competent 出色的 2.discourse 论文 3.commended 表扬 4.anecdotes 轶事 5.myth 神话 6.medieval 中世纪 7.thicker 更厚 8.distortion 扭曲 9.cultivate 培养 10.engagement 参与 11.spinning 旋转 12.equation 公式 原文 2018.12六级第一套 Conversation One Hey I just read a great book about physics. I think you'd like it. It's called the physics of the world. 我刚读了一本关于物理学的好书。我想你会喜欢它。它被称为《世界物理学》。 It's written by a scientist named Sylvia Mendez. Oh I read that book. It was great. 它是由一位名叫Sylvia Mendez的科学家撰写的。 噢，我读过那本书。它太棒了。 The writer is a warm and competent guide to the mysteries of physics. 作者是一位引领人们走向物理奥秘的既热情而又出色的领路人。 I think it promises enrichment for any reader from those who know little about science to the career physicist. 我认为，无论是对那些对科学知之甚少的人还是职业的科学家，它都丰富了读者的认知。 And it's refreshing to see a strong curious clever woman adding her voice to the scientific discourse in a field that has been traditionally dominated by men. 看到一个强大、好奇并且聪明的女人在科学论述和传统上由男人主宰的领域中表达自己的观点，这令人耳目一新。 I think she is to be commended for making an effort to include anecdotes about little known female scientists. 我认为她必须受到赞扬，因为她努力将那些鲜为人知的女科学家们的轶事囊括在了书中。 You know they were often victims of a generation firmly convinced that the woman's place was in the home. 你知道他们那一代人坚信女人就应该待在家里，他们深受其害。 I like how the book is clearly written with each chapter brought to life by pieces of fascinating knowledge. 我喜欢这本书是如何清晰地被写出来的，每一章都通过一些引人入胜的知识片段而栩栩如生。 For example in one chapter she exposes a myth that I've heard taught by university physics professors. 例如在一章中，她讲述了一个我听大学物理教授们讲过的神话。 I've often heard that medieval glass windows are thicker at the bottom because glass flows like a fluid. 我过去常听说中世纪的玻璃窗底部较厚，因为玻璃像流体一样流动。 This, she shows, is not true. The distortion is actually thanks to a peculiarity of the glass-makers' process. 她表示，这不是真的。这种扭曲实际上要归因于玻璃制造过程的特殊性。 Yeah I like how she cultivates scientific engagement by providing a host of Do It Yourself experiments that bring the same foundational principles of classical physics that govern everything from the solar system to your kitchen table. 是的，我喜欢她通过提供一系列“自己动手做”的实验来培养读者的科学参与性。这些实验会介绍从控制太阳系到餐桌的相同的经典物理基本原理。 From using complex laws of physics to test whether a spinning egg is cooked to measuring atmospheric pressure by lifting a piece of cardboard. 从使用复杂的物理定律来测试旋转的鸡蛋是否被煮熟，到通过浮起一块纸板来测量大气压力。 Her hands-on examples make her book atruly interactive read. Yes I must say this equation-free book is an ideal read for scientists of all stripes, anyone teaching science and even people who dislike physics. 她亲手实践的例子使她的书成为真正的交互式阅读。 是的，我必须说这本没有写满公式的书，对于各种科学家、任何教科学的人甚至不喜欢物理学的人来说都是理想的读物。 问题： 1: What does the woman say about the book the man recommended? A It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike. B It lists the various challenges physicists are confronting. C It describes how some mysteries of physics were solved. D It is one of the most fascinating physics books ever written. 2: What can we find in the book the man recommended? A Physicists' contribution to humanity. B Stories about some female physicists. C Historical evolution of modern physics. D Women's changing attitudes to physics. 3: How does the author bring her book to life? A By exposing a lot of myths in physics. B By describing her own life experiences. C By including lots of fascinating knowledge. D By telling anecdotes about famous professors. 4: How does the book cultivate readers' interest in physics? A It avoids detailing abstract concepts of physics. B It contains a lot of thought-provoking questions. C It demonstrates how they can become physicists. D It provides experiments they can do themselves.

提示 一、十个句子每个句子念两遍，念完后从头再念两遍。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.scrape together 拼凑 2.desert 抛弃 3.sympathy 同情的 4.motivation 激励的 5.guaranteed 保证 6.stupidity 愚蠢 7.rectifying 改正 原文 71. Because it's a developing country, some aspects of China aren't as good as those in Western countries. 因为中国是个发展中的国家，所以有的方面没有西方国家那么好。 72. When real life friends desert us, books are always ready to offer friendship, sympathy and motivation. 生活中的朋友弃我们不顾之时，书随时给我们送来友谊、同情和鼓励。 73. The result of the invention of the steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power. 机械力代替人力，这是蒸汽机发明的结果。 74. I don't know when spring will come and when the flowers will bloom. It was still snowing this morning. 不知何时春暖花开，今天早晨还下雪了。 75. Ronaldo is a prolific goal scorer and it's almost guaranteed that he will score a goal in every match. 罗纳尔多是一个多产射手，基本上他能在每一场比赛中进球。 76. The best wealth is knowledge, average wealth is children, and the smallest wealth is material objects. 最好的财富是知识，一般的财富是孩子，最小的财富是物质。 77. Intelligence is doing what you are supposed to, while stupidity is doing what you are not supposed to. 做该做的事是智慧，做不该做的事是愚痴。 78. Do you plan to return to your home country or to continue staying in the Netherlands after graduating? 毕业后打算回国还是继续留在荷兰呢？ 79. Teachers must get tired of rectifying the same mistakes over and over again in their students' papers. 老师肯定厌倦了一遍又一遍地纠正学生试卷中同样的错误。 80. In short, it is because the 'plan.doc' file I attached in the previous email was infected with a virus. 简单来说，就是因为我附在上一封电邮的「plan.doc」档案被电脑病毒感染了。

听前提示 一、三遍英文，一遍中文，再一遍英文。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.victim 受害者 2.poison 毒药 3.Vancouver 温哥华 4.secretary 秘书 5.flat tire 瘪了的轮胎 原文 71. It is so good to be able to speak a number of foreign languages. 能说几门外语真是太好了。 72. The victim is thought to have taken a large quantity of poison by mistake. 受害者被认为误服了大量毒药。 73. I will have been to Vancouver three times if I go once again this summer. 如果今年夏天再去一次，我就已经去过温哥华三次了。 74. In this country the average number of children per family fell from 2 to 1.5. 在这个国家，每个家庭的平均孩子数量从2个下降到1.5个。 75. I never see this photo without being reminded of my happy days in the countryside. 每当我看到这张照片，就会想起我在农村的快乐时光。 76. I'd like to spend my holidays reading history books or classics. 我想在假期里读历史书或古典名著。 77. That job was not very interesting, but on the other hand it was well paid. 那份工作不太有趣，但从另一方面来说，报酬却很优厚。 78. This is the place where she works as a secretary. 这是她当秘书的地方。 79. The candle grew shorter and shorter, until at last it went out. 蜡烛越来越短，最后熄灭了。 80. I had to push my bicycle because I had a flat tire. 我不得不推着自行车走，因为车胎瘪了。

词汇提示 1.flourishing 繁荣的 2.capable 能干的 3.severe 严重的 4.scarlet fever 猩红热 5.spoiled 宠坏的 6.substantial 大量的 7.resembles 仿效 8.sequel 续集 原文 Louisa May Alcott New England, in the early and middle years of the 19th century, had a flourishing culture. People were passionately interested in ideas and education. Most New Englanders were strongly opposed to slavery. They were also concerned about other social issues. New ideas resulted in new kinds of writing. These ideas included the importance of doing what seemed right for them, no matter how different it was from what other people thought. People also believe that nature gave them guidance in our lives, and that it was important to live close to nature. These and other ideas were expressed through teaching and writing. Bronson Alcott was one of those who looked at the world in a new way. He looked for work as a teacher so that he could pass on his ideas to others. However, very few parents wanted Mr. Alcott to teach their children, and very few people were interested in hearing his speeches or reading his books. As a result, the Alcott family was very poor. Fortunately for Bronson, he married a very capable and energetic woman, Mrs. Abigail Alcott, helped to earn money to support the family and did most of the work involved in looking after the four Alcott girls. The oldest daughter, Anna, was quiet and serious. She rarely got into trouble and was a good helper at home. The second daughter was Louisa May Alcott, who became a writer. She was adventurous and cared very little for rules. She was always saying and doing things that got her into trouble. The third daughter, Elizabeth, was very kind and good natured. All the others loved her. As a young woman, Elizabeth had a severe case of scarlet fever and never fully recovered. She died at age 23. The youngest sister, may was talented, but she was rather spoiled. Because there was never enough money, the Alcott girls felt pressure to work at an early age. But this did not stop them from having fun. Louisa wrote little plays that she and her sisters performed at home. They all enjoyed the woods and ponds around Concord, Massachusetts, where they lived most of these years. When they moved back to Boston in 1848, Anna took a job looking after other people's children, and Louisa looked after the house. Meanwhile, their mother worked outside the home,. While working on laundry or sewing, Louisa was thinking up stories, at night she would write them down. When she was 18, she began selling poems and stories to magazines. Within ten years, Louisa was earning a substantial income from writing. One day, her publisher suggested that she write a story for girls. At first, Louisa didn't like the suggestion, but when she started to write, the ideas came rapidly. Her book was based on her own family and her own childhood. “Little Women” was published in 1868 and was an immediate success. The March family was very much like the Alcott. Mrs. Alcott resembles “Marmee”. “Meg” is like Anna and “Jo” is like Louisa herself. “Beth” is based on Elizabeth and “Amy” on May Alcott. Many of the situations in the book happened to the Alcott family. Nonetheless, many characters and incidents were invented little women. And its sequel opened up a new kind of writing for children. While these books did have a moral, they were more lively and interesting than earlier children's writing. “Little Women” inspired many writers later to write more realistic accounts of childhood. 翻译 路易莎·梅·奥尔科特 19世纪初和中期的新英格兰有着繁荣的文化。 人们对思想和教育非常感兴趣。 大多数新英格兰人强烈反对奴隶制。 他们还关心其他社会问题。 新思想产生了新的写作方式。 这些想法包括做对他们来说似乎是正确的事情的重要性，无论它与其他人的想法有多么不同。 人们还相信大自然在我们的生活中给了他们指引，亲近大自然是很重要的。 这些想法和其他想法都是通过教学和写作表达出来的。布朗森·奥尔科特是以一种新的方式看待世界的人之一。 他想找一份当老师的工作，以便把自己的想法传给别人。 然而，很少有家长希望奥尔科特教授他们的孩子，也很少有人对听他的演讲或读他的书感兴趣。 结果，奥尔科特一家很穷。 布朗森幸运的是，他娶了一位非常能干、精力充沛的女性——阿比盖尔·奥尔科特夫人，帮助他挣钱养家，并完成了照顾四个奥尔科特女孩的大部分工作。 大女儿安娜安静而严肃。 她很少惹麻烦，是家里的好帮手。 二女儿是路易莎·梅·奥尔科特，她后来成为了一名作家。 她喜欢冒险，很少注意规则。 她总是说些什么，做些什么，让她陷入麻烦。 三女儿伊丽莎白非常善良。 其他人都爱她。 年轻时，伊丽莎白患了严重的猩红热，从未完全康复。 她在23岁时去世。 最小的妹妹梅很有天赋，但她被宠坏了。 因为从来没有足够的钱，奥尔科特家的女孩们在很小的时候就感到了工作的压力。 但这并没有阻止她们玩得开心。 路易莎写了一些她和姐妹们在家里玩的故事。 他们都喜欢马萨诸塞州康科德附近的树林和池塘，这些年他们大部分时间都住在那里。 1848年，当他们搬回波士顿时，安娜找到了一份照顾别人孩子的工作，路易莎则负责照看房子。 与此同时，他们的母亲在外面工作。 在干着洗衣或缝纫的工作的时候，路易莎会在想故事，晚上她会把它们写下来。 18岁时，她开始向杂志出售诗歌和故事。 不到十年，路易莎就从写作中获得了可观的收入。 一天，她的出版商建议她为女孩写一个故事。 起初，路易莎不喜欢这个建议，但当她开始写作时，想法很快就产生了。 她的书是根据她自己的家庭和童年写成的。 《小妇人》出版于1868年，立即获得成功。 马奇一家很像奥尔科特一家。 阿尔科特夫人很像“玛米”。 “梅格”像安娜，“乔”像路易莎自己。 “贝丝”改编自伊丽莎白，而“艾米”改编自梅·奥尔科特自己。 书中的许多情况都发生在奥尔科特一家身上。 尽管如此，许多人物和事件都是由小妇人创造的。 它的续集为孩子们开辟了一种新的写作方式。 虽然这些书确实有寓意，但它们比早期儿童的作品更生动有趣。 《小妇人》启发了许多作家后来写更多关于童年的真实故事。 文稿及音频 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”

提示 1.每期为一篇听力题，每篇裁剪为若干片段，每个片段重复四遍。 2.可以前两遍盲听理解，后两遍根据文字内容精听。 3.根据中英文意思，听不懂的地方多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.psychology 心理学 2.crystallize 成型 3.pretty 相当的 4.chords 和弦 5.rhythms 节奏 6.melodies 旋律 7.deteriorates 退化 8.obligation 义务 9.turmoil 骚动 10.beloved 喜爱 原文 2020.12六级第一套recording three Why do old people dislike new music? As I've grown older, I often hear people my age say things like, they just don't make good music like they used to. 为什么年长者不喜欢听新音乐？随着我年龄渐长，我经常听到同龄人说些诸如“他们就是没法像过去那样创作出好音乐”之类的话。 Why does this happen? Luckily, psychology can give us some insights into this puzzle. 为什么会这样？幸运的是，心理学可以帮我们看透这一团糟。 Musical tastes begin to crystallize as early as age 13 or 14. By the time we're in our early twenties, these tastes get locked into place pretty firmly. 音乐品味早在十三四岁的时候就已开始成型。在我们二十出头的时候，这些品味已经根深蒂固。 In fact, studies have found that by the time we turn 33, most of us have stopped listening to new music. 事实上，研究已经发现到我们年满33岁时，绝大多数人已经不再听新音乐了。 Meanwhile, popular songs released when you're in your early teens are likely to remain quite popular among your age group for the rest of your life. 与此同时，在你十几岁时发行的流行歌曲很可能会在你的同龄人中一直流行，贯穿你的余生。 That could be a biological explanation for this. As there's evidence that the brain's ability to make subtle distinctions between different chords, rhythms, and melodies deteriorates with age. 对此可能存在一种生物学上的解释。因为有证据表明，大脑区分不同和弦、节奏、旋律之间细微差别的能力随着年龄的增长而退化。 So to older people, newer, less familiar songs might all sound the same, but there may be some simpler reasons for older people's aversion to new music. 因此对年长者来说，较新的、不太熟悉的歌曲可能听起来都一个样，但年长者对新音乐的反感也可能是出于一些更为简单的原因。 One of the most researched laws of social psychology is something called the mere exposure effect, which in essence, means that the more we're exposed to something, the more we tend to like it. 社会心理学研究最多的法则之一称作“纯粹接触效应”，其实质含义是，我们接触某事物越多，就会越喜欢它。 This happens with people we know, the advertisements we see, and the songs we listen to. 这发生在我们认识的人、看到的广告、以及听到的歌上。 When you're in your early teens, you probably spend a fair amount of time listening to music or watching music videos, your favorite songs and artists become familiar, comforting parts of your routine. 在十几岁时，你可能会花大量时间去听音乐，看音乐视频，你最喜欢的歌曲和艺人也就成了你日常生活中熟悉的、令人舒心的部分。 For many people over 30, job and family obligations increases, so there's less time to spend discovering new music. 对许多年过30的人来说，工作和家庭义务增加，所以能用于发掘新音乐的时间减少了。 Instead many would simply listen to old familiar favorites from that period of their lives when they had more free time. 相反，许多人仅仅愿意去听那些来自他们拥有更多闲暇时光的那段人生中熟悉的、最爱的老歌。 Of course, those teen years weren't necessarily carefree, they're famously confusing, which is why so many TV shows and movies revolve around high school turmoil. 当然，少年时光不一定是无忧无虑的，那段时期令人迷茫是众所周知的，这也正是为什么会有如此之多的电视剧和电影围绕骚动的高中生活而展开。 Psychology research has shown that the emotions that we experience as teens seem more intense than those that come later. 心理学研究已表明，我们在青少年时期经历的情感似乎比后来经历的更为猛烈。 And we also know that intense emotions are associated with stronger memories and preferences. 我们也知道，强烈的情感和更强的记忆以及偏好密切相连。 Both of these might explain why the songs we listened to during this period become so memorable and beloved. 这两点或许能解释为什么这一时期听的歌会变得如此令人难忘与喜爱。 So there's nothing wrong with your parents because they don't like your music. Rather it's all part of the natural order of things. 因此，父母不喜欢你的音乐没什么不正常。这都是事物自然规律的一部分。 问题： 22: What does the speaker mainly discuss in this talk? A) Older people's aversion to new music. B) Older people's changing musical tastes. C) Insights into the features of good music. D) Deterioration in the quality of new music. 23: What have studies found about most people by the time they turn 33? A) They seldom listen to songs released in their teens. B) They can make subtle distinctions about music. C) They find all music sounds the same. D) They no longer listen to new music. 24: What do we learn from one of the most researched laws of social psychology? A) The more you experience something, the better you'll appreciate it. B) The more you experience something, the longer you'll remember it. C) The more you are exposed to something, the deeper you'll understand it. D) The more you are exposed to something, the more familiar it'll be to you. 25: What might explain the fact that songs people listen to in their teen years are memorable and beloved? A) Teenagers are much more sensitive. B) Teenagers are much more sentimental. C) Teenagers' memories are more lasting. D) Teenagers' emotions are more intense.

提示 一、十个句子每个句子念两遍，念完后从头再念两遍。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.glorious 荣耀的 2.snow leopard 雪豹 3.endangered species 濒危物种 4.telescope 望远镜 5.cosmos 宇宙 6.transformative 变革 7.henpecked 怕老婆的 8.harmonize 协调 原文 61. Therefore, for the glorious God, you must accept each other, and accept Jesus Christ in the same way. 所以，为了荣耀上帝，你们要彼此接纳，就像基督接纳你们一样。 62. I still can't believe they had a snow leopard in that zoo. I thought they were an endangered species. 我还不敢想象他们在那个动物园里有一个雪豹，我以为它们是一种濒危物种。 63. The telescope has opened a new eye onto the cosmos that has been transformative for our civilization. 望远镜为我们的文明开启了一种全新的视角来观察宇宙。 64. I don't hate you, but I also don't appreciate you. I have said this many times, I don't need friends. 我没有讨厌你。但是我也不觉得我会努力珍惜你。就像我说过很多次那样，我不需要朋友。 65. "If you're tired, why don't you go to sleep?" "Because if I go to sleep now I will wake up too early." 「你累的话怎么不去睡觉？」 「因为我现在去睡的话，就会太早醒过来了。」 66. A man who asks his wife's permission before taking any action except breathing is a henpecked husband. 一个除了呼吸之外做任何事之前都要经过老婆同意的男人是一个怕老婆的男人。 67. The third point to make is that Emmet attempted to harmonize his theory with the reality of designing. 他的第三点说明的是，埃米特试图协调现实与他的理论设计。 68. He is very much interested in Japanese history. We are surprised at his vast knowledge of the subject. 他对日本的历史非常感兴趣。我们很惊讶他在这方面的丰富知识 69. Although you can't make it as "the greatest person", you can still be the best person to your partner. 你虽然做不到一个“最好的人”，可是你却做得到一个“对对方最好的人”。 70. I sold my house and furniture, together with my jewelry, in order to scrape together a half a million. 我卖了房子和家具，连同我的手饰一起才凑了五十万。

听前提示 一、三遍英文，一遍中文，再一遍英文。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.executives 高管 2.composition 作文 原文 61. The doctor is looking for medicine that is effective for this illness. 医生正在寻找对这种病有效的药物。 62. In the London underground there is a warning to "mind the gap" when boarding the train. 伦敦地铁上车时有「小心空隙」的警告。 63. On arriving at the station, I went to see my uncle at his office. 一到车站，我就到叔叔的办公室去看了他。 64. It was raining, and Cathy's long hair was completely wet by the time he got home. 下着雨，凱茜到家时，她的长发已经完全湿透了。 65. remember it as if it were yesterday, but in reality it was fifteen years ago. 我记得好像是昨天，但实际上是十五年前。 66. The number of students going abroad to study is increasing each year. 出国留学的学生人数每年都在增加。 67. I think my living with you has influenced your way of living. 我想我和你住在一起影响了你的生活方式。 68. Everybody except the Anderson family is going to the party next Thursday evening. 除了安德森一家，所有人都将参加下星期四晚上的聚会。 69. In most Japanese companies, only a few executives have a room to themselves. 在大多数日本公司，只有少数高管有自己办公室。 70. The English used in the composition is too good. She can't have written it herself. 这篇作文用的英语太棒了。她不可能是自己写的。

词汇提示 1.conquered 占领 2.remoteness 遥远的 3.tribe 部落 4.Protestant 新教 5.Catholic 天主教 6.tenant 佃户 7.blight 枯萎病 8.evicted 驱逐 9.dwelling 住所 10.properous 繁荣的 11.prosperity 兴盛 12.exodus 离开 原文 Ireland Ireland is an island in the Atlantic Ocean just west of Britain. For much of its history, it has been an advantage to Ireland to be far from the mainland. The Romans or the other early Empires never conquered Ireland. It was the remoteness of Ireland that helped preserve much of Christian and classical culture. After the fall of the Roman Empire, wandering tribes destroyed much of what remained on the continent. Finally, it was Ireland's turn to be invaded. First, the Norsemen or Vikings attacked during the 800s and 900s. Then in the 1100s, the English invaded Ireland. Since that time, there has always been an English presence in Ireland. The conflict between the English and the Irish grew worse in the 1500s. Then the English became Protestant, and the Irish remained Catholic. In the 1600s, Oliver Cromwell tried to make Ireland Protestant，by driving out the Catholics and bringing in Protestant settlers. In the centuries following, Irish Catholics had very few rights in their own country. The Catholic Irish were not allowed to vote until 1829. Since Irish Catholics were not allowed to own land, they were poor tenant farmers. They paid rent to the English landlords. The main food crop in the 1840s was potatoes. When these became infected by blight, thousands of Irishmen starved. Many others were evicted from their dwellings because they couldn't pay the rent. Hundreds of thousands of Irish took ship for North America. The Catholic Irish preferred to go to the United States because Canada was under British influence. However, many Protestant Irish went to Canada. The influence of the Irish on North American culture has been very great in many areas. Prominent Irish-Americans include Presidents John F·Kennedy and Ronald Reagan. Meanwhile, in Ireland itself, a strong independence movement developed. A rebellion against England in 1916 began a struggle that resulted in independence for most of Ireland Some Protestant areas in Northern Ireland preferred to stay with England. Republican groups such as the Irish Republican Army wanted to "liberate" the north from British rule. Nowadays, conflict between Protestants and Catholics is limited to these northern counties. Constant attempts are being made to bring the conflict there to an end. Meanwhile, the Irish Republic, or Eire, has become prosperous again. It can sell its agricultural products to the European Common Market. Irish beer and whisky are sold all over the world. Ireland is also becoming known for its high-tech industries. Because of this relative prosperity, the population is increasing again, after a century and a half of decline. The Irish differ from other people because the vast majority of Irishmen live away from their homeland. However, this exodus from Ireland has helped to spread Irish music,culture and products around the world. On St. Patrick's Day (March 17th), nearly everyone becomes Irish for the day. Then there is a great party with Celtic music, Irish dancing, green beer and the wearing of the green. 翻译 爱尔兰 爱尔兰是大西洋中的一个岛屿，位于英国西部。 在爱尔兰历史的大部分时间里，远离大陆一直是爱尔兰的优势。 罗马人或其他早期帝国从未征服过爱尔兰。 正是爱尔兰的偏远地区帮助保存了许多基督教和古典文化。 罗马帝国灭亡后，游荡的部落摧毁了大陆上的大部分遗迹。 最后，轮到爱尔兰被入侵了。 首先，北欧人或维京人在八九世纪发动了袭击。 然后在11世纪，英国人入侵爱尔兰。 从那时起，英国人在爱尔兰一直存在。 16世纪，英国人和爱尔兰人之间的冲突愈演愈烈。 后来英国人成了新教徒，爱尔兰人仍然是天主教徒。 17世纪，奥利弗·克伦威尔（Oliver Cromwell）试图通过驱逐天主教徒和引入新教定居者，使爱尔兰成为新教国家。 在接下来的几个世纪里，爱尔兰天主教徒在自己的国家几乎没有什么权利。 天主教爱尔兰人直到1829年才被允许投票。 由于爱尔兰天主教徒不被允许拥有土地，他们是贫穷的佃农。 他们向英国房东支付房租。 19世纪40年代的主要粮食作物是土豆。 当这些人感染枯萎病时，成千上万的爱尔兰人饿死了。 还有许多人因为付不起房租而被赶出他们的住所。 数十万爱尔兰人乘船前往北美。 天主教爱尔兰人更喜欢去美国，因为加拿大受到英国的影响。 然而，许多新教爱尔兰人去了加拿大。 爱尔兰人对北美文化的影响在很多领域都非常大。 著名的爱尔兰裔美国人包括约翰·F·肯尼迪总统和罗纳德·里根总统。 与此同时，爱尔兰本身也发展了一场强大的独立运动。 1916年，一场反对英国的叛乱开始了一场斗争，导致爱尔兰大部分地区独立 北爱尔兰的一些新教地区更愿意留在英格兰。 爱尔兰共和军等共和党团体希望将北部从英国统治下“解放”。 如今，新教徒和天主教徒之间的冲突仅限于这些北方县。 人们不断试图结束那里的冲突。 与此同时，爱尔兰共和国重新繁荣起来。 它可以向欧洲共同市场出售其农产品。 爱尔兰啤酒和威士忌销往世界各地。 爱尔兰也因其高科技产业而闻名。 由于这种相对的繁荣，在经历了一个半世纪的下降之后，人口再次增加。 爱尔兰人与其他人不同，因为绝大多数爱尔兰人居住在远离家乡的地方。 然而，这种逃离爱尔兰的行为有助于将爱尔兰音乐、文化和产品传播到世界各地。 在圣帕特里克节（3月17日），几乎每个人都会在这一天成为爱尔兰人。 然后是一个很棒的派对，有凯尔特音乐、爱尔兰舞蹈、绿色啤酒和绿色服装。 文稿及音频 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”

提示 1.每期为一篇听力题，每篇裁剪为若干片段，每个片段重复四遍。 2.可以前两遍盲听理解，后两遍根据文字内容精听。 3.根据中英文意思，听不懂的地方多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.reputation 声誉 2.scenario 剧本 3.compensated 报销 4.forfeit 失去 5.suspicious 怀疑 6.anticipate 预料 7.submitting 提交 8.fraudulent 欺骗的 9.hypothesis 假说 10.intuitive 直觉 原文 2020.12六级第一套recording two Now believe it or not, people sometimes lie in order to maintain a good, honest reputation, even if it hurts them to do so. At least this is what a team of scientists is suggesting, with evidence to prove it. 信不信由你，人有时会为了维持自己良好的、诚实的声誉而撒谎，即使这样会损害自身的利益这是一个科学家团队提出的，且他们也有证据证明这一点。 Picture this scenario: You often drive for work and can be compensated for up to 400 miles per month. Most people at your company drive about 300 miles each month. But this month you drove 400 miles. How many miles do you think you'd claim in your expense report? 想象一下这种场景: 你经常开车上班，每月最高可报销400英里。你们公司大多数人每月大约驾驶300英里。但这个月你恰好驾驶了400英里。你觉得你会在报销单上填写多少英里呢？ The scientists asked this exact question as part of the study we're discussing today with surprising results. They found that 12% of respondents reported the distance they drove as less than the actual figure, giving an average answer of 384 miles. 作为我们今天正在讨论的研究的一部分，科学家们问出了这个问题，并发现结果令人惊讶他们发现12%的受访者填报的驾驶里程低于实际数据，他们填写的平均里程数是384英里。 In other words, they lied about the number of miles, even though they would forfeit money they were owed. The researchers believe this was to seem honest with the assumption being that others would be suspicious of a high expense claim. 也就是说，他们谎报了自己的里程数，哪怕他们因此没能拿到自己本能报销的钱研究人员认为，他们这样做是为了让自己看起来诚实，其前提假设是别人会对高额费用报销申请产生怀疑。 But why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment? The researchers explained that many people care a great deal about their reputation and how they'll be judged by others. If they care enough, they're concerned about appearing honest and not losing the respect of others, maybe greater than their desire to actually be honest. 但是为什么人们会在有损自己利益的情况下谎报数据呢？研究人员解释说，很多人非常在意自己的名声以及别人对自己的评价。如果他们非常在乎，他们对表现得诚实以及不失去别人的尊重的关注，也许比想要做到真正诚实的内心欲望还要强烈。 The researchers assert that the findings suggest that when people obtain very favorable outcomes, they anticipate other people's suspicious reactions and prefer lying and appearing honest to telling the truth and appearing as selfish liars. 研究人员断言，这项研究结果表明，当结果对自己非常有利时，人们会认为别人会质疑自己，因此比起说实话和让自己看起来像个自私自利的骗子，他们更倾向于撒谎和让自己看起来诚实。 So why is this research important? Well, experts generally agree there are two main types of lie, selfish lies and lies that are meant to benefit others. The first, as you may predict is for selfish gain, such as submitting a fraudulent claim to an insurance company while the second involves lying to help others or not offend others. 那么这项研究为什么很重要呢？专家们普遍认为，谎言有两种主要类型，利己的谎言和意在利他的谎言。第一种，正如你所想的，是为了获取私利，比如向保险公司提交欺诈性的索赔申请；第二种则是为了帮助他人或者不冒犯他人而撒谎。 For example, telling a friend whose outfit you don't like that they look great. But the researchers are suggesting a third type of lying: lying to maintain a good reputation. Now, this hypothesis is new and some skeptics argue that this isn't a whole new category of lie, but the findings seem intuitive to me 例如，告诉你的朋友他这身衣服看起来很好看，尽管你并不喜欢。而研究人员还提出第三种类型的谎言，即维持良好声誉而撒谎。目前这还是个新的假设，一些持怀疑态度的人士辩称这并不是一个全新的谎言类别，但研究结果对我来说似乎是基于本能的。 After all, one of the main motivations for lying is to increase our worth in the eyes of others. So it seems highly likely that people will lie to seem honest. 毕竟，说谎的主要动机之一就是为了提升我们在别人眼中的价值。因此人们很可能会为了让自己看起来诚实而撒谎。 问题： Question 19: What did a team of scientists find in their study? Question 20: Why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment according to the researchers? Question 21: What does the speaker think of the researchers' findings?

提示 一、十个句子每个句子念两遍，念完后从头再念两遍。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.to the point of 达到...的程度 2.alleviate 缓解 3.relevant 相关 4.scoring a goal 进球得分 5.referee 裁判 6.blew his whistle 吹哨 7.offside 越位 8.envious 嫉妒的 9.deceitful 欺骗的 原文 51. If you find a bad wife and get married to her, then it will certainly be difficult to be happy later. 如果你找到一个坏妻子并和她结婚，那么以后一定会很难过得快乐。 52. Teachers must be tired of correcting the same mistakes over and over again in their students' papers. 老师肯定厌倦了一遍又一遍地纠正学生试卷中同样的错误。 53. Can it be that you don't have a bit of creativity, to the point of always inventing the same apology? 你是没创意到连每次道歉的说词都一成不变吗？ 54. Next week I have things to do except on Monday and Wednesday, I am free on all the other days though. 下个礼拜除了星期一星期三有事，我其他日子都有空在那儿。 55. In order to alleviate employment pressures, the nation has established a series of relevant policies. 为了缓解就业压力，国家已经制定了一系列相关政策。 56. Messi had been very close to scoring a goal, the referee blew his whistle to say that he was offside. 梅西差一点就进球了，但裁判吹哨说他越位。 57. If a man had 11 sheep and all but 9 died, how many sheep would he have left? 如果一个人有11只羊，除了9只之外，其他全部死了，那么他还剩下几只羊呢？ 58. The large crowd roared in approval as Mark Knopfler played the first few bars of "Money for Nothing". 就像马克·诺弗勒早期演唱的歌曲《金钱无用》一样，绝大多数的人依然高呼赞成“金钱无用论”。 59. One of the reasons that we love nature is that, unlike ourselves, nature is not envious or deceitful. 我们之所以爱自然——其原由之一，至少是由于它不像我们人那样既嫉妒又欺骗。 60 Despite the fact that he has only just started learning Chinese, he already knows lots of characters. 尽管他是一周前才开始学中文的，然而他已经认识很多字了。

听前提示 一、三遍英文，一遍中文，再一遍英文。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.Vietnamese 越南的 2.previous 以前的 3.vista 景观 原文 51. It is better to take your time than to hurry and make mistakes. 慢慢来总比匆匆忙忙犯错误好。 52. The number of Vietnamese students returning after life abroad has been increasing as of late. 最近，越南留学生在海外生活结束后回国的人数一直在增加。 53. That's the mind-set of a previous time. The current generation doesn't think that way. 这是以前的思维模式。现在的这一代人可不这么想。 54. The street, lined with trees, provided a vista of the sea. 街道雨旁绿树成荫，可以看到大海的景色。 55. It is impossible for me to finish the work in a day. 我不可能在一天内完成这项工作。 56. If he had told me the truth, I would have forgiven him. 如果他告诉了我真相，我就会原谅他的。 57. If he had trained himself harder at that time, he would be healthier now. 如果他那时刻苦训练的话，现在就会更健康了。 58. It will take me 20 minutes to get to the station by taxi. 乘出租车到车站要20分钟。 59. While crossing the street on my way to school, I met with an accident. 去学校的路上，过马路时，我遇到了意外。 60. Indeed he is young, but he is well experienced for his age. 他确实年轻，但就他的年龄来说，他很有经验。

词汇提示 1.granted 授予 2.pension 养老金 3.permanent 永久的 4.scenery 布景 5.props 道具 6.oratorios 清唱剧 7.feverishly 狂热地 8.lietenant 中尉 9.luggage 行李 10.rehearse 彩排 11.squeezed 挤 12.swords 剑 13.exquisite 精致的 14.proceeds 收入 15.choirs 唱诗班 16.debut 处女秀 17.initiated 发起 18.collapsed 病倒 19.sentiments 情绪 20.salvation 拯救 21.angelic 天使的 原文 Handel's “Messiah” George Frederick Handel was a native of Germany and spoke with a German accent all his life. Most of that life, however, was spent in London, England as a young musician. Handel's sponsor was the elector of Hanover. Later on, when the elector became King GeorgeⅠof England, he continued to sponsor Handel. The young Handel went to Italy to study opera. Opera had become a very fashionable entertainment for the upper classes. Handel traveled to England in 1711 and made an immediate success with his operas. Queen Anne granted him a royal pension for life in 1713. Because of this initial success, Handel tried to start a permanent opera company in London, but this failed, and Handel lost money. Since operas used full stage settings with costume scenery and props, they were expensive to produce, Handel decided to produce oratorios, in which the parts were simply sung without actions. On august 22 1741, Handel began to work on his oratorial “The Messiah”. The text was made up of passages from the Bible relating to the birth, life and death of Jesus. Handel worked on it feverishly, missing meals and going without sleep. He finished it 24 days later. When he was asked how he felt on completing it, Handel said, “I thought I saw all heaven before me and the Great God Himself”. In the fall of 1741, Handel received an invitation from the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland to present operas and concerts. There Handel traveled from London to Dublin with his entire luggage and many of his singers. However, in order to rehearse on the way, he had to hire local people to fill in. Once the composer soundly criticized one local singer who failed to meet his standards. Handel was warmly received in Dublin, where his concerts were sold out, even his rehearsals were considered newsworthy by the local papers. “The Messiah”was first publicly performed on April 13, 1742. 700 people squeezed into a 600-seat theater to hear it. Notice had requested that ladies attend in hoopless skirts, and that gentlemen come without their swords. A Dublin paper reported“words are wanting to express the exquisite delight it afforded to the admiring crowded audience” . All proceeds were donated to charity, as the church choirs had refused to participate, except on those conditions. Handel returned to London in August 1742 and prepared the oratorio for the London stage. “The Messiah”made its London debut on March 23, 1743, with King George Ⅱ in the audience. It was during the Hallelujah Chorus that the king jumped to his feet and so initiated a tradition that has lasted ever since. With such oratories, Handel was able to re-establish his popularity and restore his finances in London. “The Messiah”continued to be performed. After conducting it on April 6, 1759, the old composer collapsed and had to be carried home. He died eight days later. “The Messiah”remains Handel's most popular work, combining wonderful music with inspiring religious sentiments. The Biblical text speaks of hope and salvation, and the music allows the text to soar into angelic songs. 翻译 亨德尔的“弥赛亚” 乔治·弗雷德里克·亨德尔是土生土长的德国人，一生都带着德国口音。 然而，他的大部分时间是在英国伦敦度过的，他是一位年轻的音乐家。 亨德尔的赞助人是汉诺威的选举人。 后来，当选举人成为英国国王乔治一世时，他继续赞助亨德尔。 年轻的亨德尔去意大利学习歌剧。 歌剧已经成为上流社会的一种非常时尚的娱乐。 1711年，亨德尔前往英国，他的歌剧立即获得成功。 1713年，安妮女王授予了他终身的皇家养老金。 由于最初的成功，亨德尔试图在伦敦建立一个永久性的歌剧公司，但失败了，亨德尔赔了钱。 由于歌剧使用的是带有戏服布景和道具的全舞台布景，制作成本很高，亨德尔决定制作清唱剧，其中的部分只是简单地唱出来，没有动作。 1741年8月22日，亨德尔开始着手他的演讲《弥赛亚》。 这本书是由《圣经》中有关耶稣出生、生活和死亡的段落组成的。 韩德尔拼命地工作，不吃饭，不睡觉。 他在24天后完成了它。 当被问及完成后的感受时，韩德尔说:“我觉得我看到了整个天堂和伟大的上帝。” 1741年秋，亨德尔收到了爱尔兰中尉勋爵的邀请，邀请他演出歌剧和音乐会。 在那里，亨德尔带着他的全部行李和许多歌手从伦敦来到都柏林。 然而，为了在路上排练，他不得不雇佣当地人来进行彩排。 有一次，这位作曲家严厉地批评了一位当地歌手，因为他没有达到他的标准。 亨德尔在都柏林受到热烈欢迎，他的演唱会门票售罄，当地报纸甚至认为他的排练有新闻价值。 《弥赛亚》于1742年4月13日首次公开演出。 700人挤在一个能容纳600人的剧院里听音乐会。 通知要求，女士们要穿无箍裙，先生们要不带刀剑。 都柏林的一份报纸报道说:“人们希望用文字来表达欣赏它的拥挤的观众带来的微妙的喜悦。” 所有收益都捐献给了慈善机构，因为教堂唱诗班除非有这些条件否则拒绝参加，。 1742年8月，亨德尔回到伦敦，为伦敦舞台准备了清唱剧。 “弥赛亚”于1743年3月23日在伦敦首次亮相，国王乔治二世在观众席。 正是在哈利路亚合唱的时候，国王跳了起来，由此开创了一项一直延续至今的传统。 有了这样的清唱剧，亨德尔得以在伦敦重新建立起自己的声望，并恢复了自己的财务状况。 《弥赛亚》继续在上演。 1759年4月6日，在指挥了这首曲子后，这位老作曲家病倒了，不得不被抬回家。 八天后，他去世了。 《弥赛亚》仍然是亨德尔最受欢迎的作品，它将美妙的音乐与鼓舞人心的宗教情感结合在一起。 圣经经文讲述了希望和救赎，音乐让经文翱翔成天使般的歌声。 文稿及音频 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”