提示 1.每期为一篇听力题，每篇裁剪为若干片段，每个片段重复四遍。 2.可以前两遍盲听理解，后两遍根据文字内容精听。 3.根据中英文意思，听不懂的地方多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.reputation 声誉 2.scenario 剧本 3.compensated 报销 4.forfeit 失去 5.suspicious 怀疑 6.anticipate 预料 7.submitting 提交 8.fraudulent 欺骗的 9.hypothesis 假说 10.intuitive 直觉 原文 2020.12六级第一套recording two Now believe it or not, people sometimes lie in order to maintain a good, honest reputation, even if it hurts them to do so. At least this is what a team of scientists is suggesting, with evidence to prove it. 信不信由你，人有时会为了维持自己良好的、诚实的声誉而撒谎，即使这样会损害自身的利益这是一个科学家团队提出的，且他们也有证据证明这一点。 Picture this scenario: You often drive for work and can be compensated for up to 400 miles per month. Most people at your company drive about 300 miles each month. But this month you drove 400 miles. How many miles do you think you'd claim in your expense report? 想象一下这种场景: 你经常开车上班，每月最高可报销400英里。你们公司大多数人每月大约驾驶300英里。但这个月你恰好驾驶了400英里。你觉得你会在报销单上填写多少英里呢？ The scientists asked this exact question as part of the study we're discussing today with surprising results. They found that 12% of respondents reported the distance they drove as less than the actual figure, giving an average answer of 384 miles. 作为我们今天正在讨论的研究的一部分，科学家们问出了这个问题，并发现结果令人惊讶他们发现12%的受访者填报的驾驶里程低于实际数据，他们填写的平均里程数是384英里。 In other words, they lied about the number of miles, even though they would forfeit money they were owed. The researchers believe this was to seem honest with the assumption being that others would be suspicious of a high expense claim. 也就是说，他们谎报了自己的里程数，哪怕他们因此没能拿到自己本能报销的钱研究人员认为，他们这样做是为了让自己看起来诚实，其前提假设是别人会对高额费用报销申请产生怀疑。 But why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment? The researchers explained that many people care a great deal about their reputation and how they'll be judged by others. If they care enough, they're concerned about appearing honest and not losing the respect of others, maybe greater than their desire to actually be honest. 但是为什么人们会在有损自己利益的情况下谎报数据呢？研究人员解释说，很多人非常在意自己的名声以及别人对自己的评价。如果他们非常在乎，他们对表现得诚实以及不失去别人的尊重的关注，也许比想要做到真正诚实的内心欲望还要强烈。 The researchers assert that the findings suggest that when people obtain very favorable outcomes, they anticipate other people's suspicious reactions and prefer lying and appearing honest to telling the truth and appearing as selfish liars. 研究人员断言，这项研究结果表明，当结果对自己非常有利时，人们会认为别人会质疑自己，因此比起说实话和让自己看起来像个自私自利的骗子，他们更倾向于撒谎和让自己看起来诚实。 So why is this research important? Well, experts generally agree there are two main types of lie, selfish lies and lies that are meant to benefit others. The first, as you may predict is for selfish gain, such as submitting a fraudulent claim to an insurance company while the second involves lying to help others or not offend others. 那么这项研究为什么很重要呢？专家们普遍认为，谎言有两种主要类型，利己的谎言和意在利他的谎言。第一种，正如你所想的，是为了获取私利，比如向保险公司提交欺诈性的索赔申请；第二种则是为了帮助他人或者不冒犯他人而撒谎。 For example, telling a friend whose outfit you don't like that they look great. But the researchers are suggesting a third type of lying: lying to maintain a good reputation. Now, this hypothesis is new and some skeptics argue that this isn't a whole new category of lie, but the findings seem intuitive to me 例如，告诉你的朋友他这身衣服看起来很好看，尽管你并不喜欢。而研究人员还提出第三种类型的谎言，即维持良好声誉而撒谎。目前这还是个新的假设，一些持怀疑态度的人士辩称这并不是一个全新的谎言类别，但研究结果对我来说似乎是基于本能的。 After all, one of the main motivations for lying is to increase our worth in the eyes of others. So it seems highly likely that people will lie to seem honest. 毕竟，说谎的主要动机之一就是为了提升我们在别人眼中的价值。因此人们很可能会为了让自己看起来诚实而撒谎。 问题： Question 19: What did a team of scientists find in their study? Question 20: Why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment according to the researchers? Question 21: What does the speaker think of the researchers' findings?

提示 一、十个句子每个句子念两遍，念完后从头再念两遍。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.to the point of 达到...的程度 2.alleviate 缓解 3.relevant 相关 4.scoring a goal 进球得分 5.referee 裁判 6.blew his whistle 吹哨 7.offside 越位 8.envious 嫉妒的 9.deceitful 欺骗的 原文 51. If you find a bad wife and get married to her, then it will certainly be difficult to be happy later. 如果你找到一个坏妻子并和她结婚，那么以后一定会很难过得快乐。 52. Teachers must be tired of correcting the same mistakes over and over again in their students' papers. 老师肯定厌倦了一遍又一遍地纠正学生试卷中同样的错误。 53. Can it be that you don't have a bit of creativity, to the point of always inventing the same apology? 你是没创意到连每次道歉的说词都一成不变吗？ 54. Next week I have things to do except on Monday and Wednesday, I am free on all the other days though. 下个礼拜除了星期一星期三有事，我其他日子都有空在那儿。 55. In order to alleviate employment pressures, the nation has established a series of relevant policies. 为了缓解就业压力，国家已经制定了一系列相关政策。 56. Messi had been very close to scoring a goal, the referee blew his whistle to say that he was offside. 梅西差一点就进球了，但裁判吹哨说他越位。 57. If a man had 11 sheep and all but 9 died, how many sheep would he have left? 如果一个人有11只羊，除了9只之外，其他全部死了，那么他还剩下几只羊呢？ 58. The large crowd roared in approval as Mark Knopfler played the first few bars of "Money for Nothing". 就像马克·诺弗勒早期演唱的歌曲《金钱无用》一样，绝大多数的人依然高呼赞成“金钱无用论”。 59. One of the reasons that we love nature is that, unlike ourselves, nature is not envious or deceitful. 我们之所以爱自然——其原由之一，至少是由于它不像我们人那样既嫉妒又欺骗。 60 Despite the fact that he has only just started learning Chinese, he already knows lots of characters. 尽管他是一周前才开始学中文的，然而他已经认识很多字了。

听前提示 一、三遍英文，一遍中文，再一遍英文。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.Vietnamese 越南的 2.previous 以前的 3.vista 景观 原文 51. It is better to take your time than to hurry and make mistakes. 慢慢来总比匆匆忙忙犯错误好。 52. The number of Vietnamese students returning after life abroad has been increasing as of late. 最近，越南留学生在海外生活结束后回国的人数一直在增加。 53. That's the mind-set of a previous time. The current generation doesn't think that way. 这是以前的思维模式。现在的这一代人可不这么想。 54. The street, lined with trees, provided a vista of the sea. 街道雨旁绿树成荫，可以看到大海的景色。 55. It is impossible for me to finish the work in a day. 我不可能在一天内完成这项工作。 56. If he had told me the truth, I would have forgiven him. 如果他告诉了我真相，我就会原谅他的。 57. If he had trained himself harder at that time, he would be healthier now. 如果他那时刻苦训练的话，现在就会更健康了。 58. It will take me 20 minutes to get to the station by taxi. 乘出租车到车站要20分钟。 59. While crossing the street on my way to school, I met with an accident. 去学校的路上，过马路时，我遇到了意外。 60. Indeed he is young, but he is well experienced for his age. 他确实年轻，但就他的年龄来说，他很有经验。

词汇提示 1.granted 授予 2.pension 养老金 3.permanent 永久的 4.scenery 布景 5.props 道具 6.oratorios 清唱剧 7.feverishly 狂热地 8.lietenant 中尉 9.luggage 行李 10.rehearse 彩排 11.squeezed 挤 12.swords 剑 13.exquisite 精致的 14.proceeds 收入 15.choirs 唱诗班 16.debut 处女秀 17.initiated 发起 18.collapsed 病倒 19.sentiments 情绪 20.salvation 拯救 21.angelic 天使的 原文 Handel's “Messiah” George Frederick Handel was a native of Germany and spoke with a German accent all his life. Most of that life, however, was spent in London, England as a young musician. Handel's sponsor was the elector of Hanover. Later on, when the elector became King GeorgeⅠof England, he continued to sponsor Handel. The young Handel went to Italy to study opera. Opera had become a very fashionable entertainment for the upper classes. Handel traveled to England in 1711 and made an immediate success with his operas. Queen Anne granted him a royal pension for life in 1713. Because of this initial success, Handel tried to start a permanent opera company in London, but this failed, and Handel lost money. Since operas used full stage settings with costume scenery and props, they were expensive to produce, Handel decided to produce oratorios, in which the parts were simply sung without actions. On august 22 1741, Handel began to work on his oratorial “The Messiah”. The text was made up of passages from the Bible relating to the birth, life and death of Jesus. Handel worked on it feverishly, missing meals and going without sleep. He finished it 24 days later. When he was asked how he felt on completing it, Handel said, “I thought I saw all heaven before me and the Great God Himself”. In the fall of 1741, Handel received an invitation from the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland to present operas and concerts. There Handel traveled from London to Dublin with his entire luggage and many of his singers. However, in order to rehearse on the way, he had to hire local people to fill in. Once the composer soundly criticized one local singer who failed to meet his standards. Handel was warmly received in Dublin, where his concerts were sold out, even his rehearsals were considered newsworthy by the local papers. “The Messiah”was first publicly performed on April 13, 1742. 700 people squeezed into a 600-seat theater to hear it. Notice had requested that ladies attend in hoopless skirts, and that gentlemen come without their swords. A Dublin paper reported“words are wanting to express the exquisite delight it afforded to the admiring crowded audience” . All proceeds were donated to charity, as the church choirs had refused to participate, except on those conditions. Handel returned to London in August 1742 and prepared the oratorio for the London stage. “The Messiah”made its London debut on March 23, 1743, with King George Ⅱ in the audience. It was during the Hallelujah Chorus that the king jumped to his feet and so initiated a tradition that has lasted ever since. With such oratories, Handel was able to re-establish his popularity and restore his finances in London. “The Messiah”continued to be performed. After conducting it on April 6, 1759, the old composer collapsed and had to be carried home. He died eight days later. “The Messiah”remains Handel's most popular work, combining wonderful music with inspiring religious sentiments. The Biblical text speaks of hope and salvation, and the music allows the text to soar into angelic songs. 翻译 亨德尔的“弥赛亚” 乔治·弗雷德里克·亨德尔是土生土长的德国人，一生都带着德国口音。 然而，他的大部分时间是在英国伦敦度过的，他是一位年轻的音乐家。 亨德尔的赞助人是汉诺威的选举人。 后来，当选举人成为英国国王乔治一世时，他继续赞助亨德尔。 年轻的亨德尔去意大利学习歌剧。 歌剧已经成为上流社会的一种非常时尚的娱乐。 1711年，亨德尔前往英国，他的歌剧立即获得成功。 1713年，安妮女王授予了他终身的皇家养老金。 由于最初的成功，亨德尔试图在伦敦建立一个永久性的歌剧公司，但失败了，亨德尔赔了钱。 由于歌剧使用的是带有戏服布景和道具的全舞台布景，制作成本很高，亨德尔决定制作清唱剧，其中的部分只是简单地唱出来，没有动作。 1741年8月22日，亨德尔开始着手他的演讲《弥赛亚》。 这本书是由《圣经》中有关耶稣出生、生活和死亡的段落组成的。 韩德尔拼命地工作，不吃饭，不睡觉。 他在24天后完成了它。 当被问及完成后的感受时，韩德尔说:“我觉得我看到了整个天堂和伟大的上帝。” 1741年秋，亨德尔收到了爱尔兰中尉勋爵的邀请，邀请他演出歌剧和音乐会。 在那里，亨德尔带着他的全部行李和许多歌手从伦敦来到都柏林。 然而，为了在路上排练，他不得不雇佣当地人来进行彩排。 有一次，这位作曲家严厉地批评了一位当地歌手，因为他没有达到他的标准。 亨德尔在都柏林受到热烈欢迎，他的演唱会门票售罄，当地报纸甚至认为他的排练有新闻价值。 《弥赛亚》于1742年4月13日首次公开演出。 700人挤在一个能容纳600人的剧院里听音乐会。 通知要求，女士们要穿无箍裙，先生们要不带刀剑。 都柏林的一份报纸报道说:“人们希望用文字来表达欣赏它的拥挤的观众带来的微妙的喜悦。” 所有收益都捐献给了慈善机构，因为教堂唱诗班除非有这些条件否则拒绝参加，。 1742年8月，亨德尔回到伦敦，为伦敦舞台准备了清唱剧。 “弥赛亚”于1743年3月23日在伦敦首次亮相，国王乔治二世在观众席。 正是在哈利路亚合唱的时候，国王跳了起来，由此开创了一项一直延续至今的传统。 有了这样的清唱剧，亨德尔得以在伦敦重新建立起自己的声望，并恢复了自己的财务状况。 《弥赛亚》继续在上演。 1759年4月6日，在指挥了这首曲子后，这位老作曲家病倒了，不得不被抬回家。 八天后，他去世了。 《弥赛亚》仍然是亨德尔最受欢迎的作品，它将美妙的音乐与鼓舞人心的宗教情感结合在一起。 圣经经文讲述了希望和救赎，音乐让经文翱翔成天使般的歌声。 文稿及音频 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”

提示 1.每期为一篇听力题，每篇裁剪为若干片段，每个片段重复四遍。 2.可以前两遍盲听理解，后两遍根据文字内容精听。 3.根据中英文意思，听不懂的地方多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.sufficient 满足的 2.possessions 个人财产 3.triple 三倍 4.enthusiastic 热情地 5.coincidentally 巧合地 6.alternative 选择 7.economize 节约 8.innovative 创新 9.utility 公共服务 10.edited 精简的 11.ruthless 无情的 12.stem 遏制 13.consumption 消费 14.appliances 家电 15.accommodate 座位 16.tucked 折叠 17.pops 伸出 18.relocate 重新安装 19.utilized 利用 原文 2020.12 六级第一套 recording one Did you know that Americans were approximately three times the amount of space we had 50 years ago? Therefore, you'd think we'd have sufficient room for all of our possessions. 你知道美国人现在拥有的空间大约是五十年前的三倍吗？所以，你会认为我们已经拥有足够的空间来存放自己全部的物品。 On the contrary, the personal storage business is now a growing industry. We've got triple the space, but we've become such enthusiastic consumers that we require even more. 恰恰相反，个人存储业务如今是个蓬勃发展的行业。我们拥有了三倍的空间，但我们也变得极其热衷于消费，所以我们还需要更多的空间。 This phenomenon has resulted in significant credit card debt, enormous environmental footprints. And perhaps not coincidentally our happiness levels have failed to increase over the same half century. 这一现象已经导致巨额的信用卡负债及巨大的环境破坏。且或许并非巧合，我们的幸福水平在这半个世纪里并未得到提升。 l'm here to suggest an alternative that having less might actually be a preferable decision. Many of us have experienced at some stage the pleasure of possessing less. 我在此提出另一种选择，少拥有些物品可能是更好的决定。我们中很多人都在某个阶段体验过拥有更少的快乐。 I propose that less stuff and less space can not only help you economize, but also simplify your life. I recently started an innovative project to discover some creative solutions that offered me everything I required. 我认为，更少的物品，更小的空间，不仅能帮你节省开支，还能简化你的生活。我最近开始了一个新的创新项目，寻找一些创意性解决方案来满足我所需要的一切。 By purchasing an apartment that was 40 square meters instead of 60, I immediately saved $ 200, 000. Smaller space leads to reduced utility bills and also a smaller carbon footprint, because it's designed around an edited collection and possessions limited to my favorite stuff. 购入一套40平米而非60平米的公寓，我立刻省下20万美元。更小的空间意味着可以减少水电费，也可以降低碳足迹，因为公寓是围绕一批精简的仅限我喜欢的收藏品设计而成的。 I'm really excited to live there. How can we live more basically? Firstly, we must ruthlessly cut the unnecessary objects out of our lives. 住在这里真的让我很兴奋。我们怎样才能更简单地生活。首先，我们必须无情地把不必要的物品从生活中剔除出去 To stem consumption, we should think before we buy and ask ourselves: "Will it truly make me happier? " Obviously, we should possess some great stuff, but we want belongings that we're going to love for years. 为了抑制消费，我们应三思而后买，先问问自己：买它真的会让我更开心吗？当然，我们应该拥有一些好东西，但我们真正想要的是会让自己喜爱多年的物品。 Secondly, we require space efficiency. We want appliances that are designed for use most of the time, not for occasional use. 其次，我们需要提高空间利用率。我们需要那些大多数时间都会用到而非偶尔才会使用的家电。 Why own a six-burner stove when you rarely use even three burners? Finally, we need multi-functional spaces in housewares. 既然你连三眼灶都很少用到，那么为什么非要拥有一个六眼炉灶呢？最后，我们需要多功能的空间和家居用品。 I combined a movable wall with transforming furniture to get more out of my limited space. Consider my coffee table, it increases in size to accommodate ten. My office is tucked away, easily hidden. My bed simply pops out of the wall. 我把一面可移动的墙和变形家具结合起来，使有限的空间得到了更有效的利用以我的咖啡桌为例，它的大小可以增加到供10人围坐。我的办公桌可以折起来，很容易隐藏。我的床是从墙里伸出来的。 For guests, I can relocate the movable wall and utilize the foldable guest beds I installed. l'm not saying we should all live in tiny apartments, but consider the benefits of an edited life. 若有访客，我可以重新安置可移动墙，用上安装好的折叠床。我并不是说我们都应该住在小型公寓，而是说我们应该考虑一下精简生活的好处。 When you return home and walk through your front door, take a moment to ask yourself Could I do with a little life editing? Would that give me more freedom and more time? 当你回到家，踏入房门时，不妨花片刻时间问问自己，我是否可以让生活精简一些？是否可以拥有更多自由和时间？ 问题： Question 16: What has prevented American's happiness levels from increasing? Question 17: What things should we possess according to the speaker? Question 18: What do we learn about the items in the speaker's home?

提示 一、十个句子每个句子念两遍，念完后从头再念两遍。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.spell 咒语 2.brilliant 聪明的 3.long for 渴望 4.immortality 永生 5.religion 宗教 6.assets 财产 7.homophones 谐音字 原文 41. "What is she saying?" "You don't even know 'norito'?" "Norito?" "It's something like a Shinto spell." 「她在说些甚么？」 「你连『祝词』也不知道吗？」 「祝词？」 「就是神道教咒语之类的东西。」 42. It is because light travels faster than sound that some people look brilliant before sounding stupid. 光速比音速快，所以某些人在开口前，看起来还挺聪明的。 43. Millions long for immortality who do not know what to do with themselves on a rainy Sunday afternoon. 世界上有数之不尽的人渴望自己能长生不老，但这些人却连一个下雨的星期天下午也不懂得该怎么打发。 44. Religion is regarded by the common people as true, by the wise as false, and by the rulers as useful. 宗教在一般人的眼中是真理，在智者的眼中是谎言，而在统治者的眼中则是一种工具。 45. I met your mother through Facebook. So, if Facebook didn't exist, neither would you, my little angel. 我是在Facebook认识你妈妈的。所以，如果没有Facebook，你也不会在这个世界上了，我的小宝宝。 46. When I was a teenager, I had lots of hair on my head and none on my chest. Now it's just the opposite. 当我还是年轻人的时候，我脑袋上有很多头发，胸上无毛。现在，恰恰相反。 47. The term 'greenhouse effect' is often used when people talk about global changes of climate nowadays. 人们谈到全球气候变化的时候，常常用到“温室效应”这个词。 48. Each of you must work hard for a lifetime, and only then will you be able to maintain a relationship. 彼此必须一辈子努力，才能把感情维系好。 49. Experts say only about 15 percent of happiness comes from income, assets and other financial factors. 专家说只有百分之十五左右的快乐来自收入、资产等财政的因素。 50. In Chinese, 'dumpling' and 'first exchange' are homophones, so they have a rich cultural association. 在中文里面，饺子和“交子”谐音，因而具有丰富的文化涵义。

听前提示 一、三遍英文，一遍中文，再一遍英文。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.sprained 扭伤 2.placing 订货 3.needless to say 毫无疑问 4.indispensable 不可缺少 5.still 更加 原文 41. I missed a step on the stairs and I'm afraid I sprained my ankle. 我踩空了楼梯上的一个台阶，恐怕是要扭伤了脚踝。 42. When Kevin graduated from college in 1998，he began studying for a Ph.D. in physics. 1998年，凯文大学毕业，开始攻读物理学博士学位。 43. The couple doesn't fight often these days，but they used to a lot. 这对夫妻近来不常吵架，但过去常常吵架。 44. This will be a good opportunity for me to use my language skills to my advantage. 这将是一个很好的机会，让我发挥我的语言技能优势。 45. The ball hit him on the left side of the head. 球击中了他头部的左侧。 46. Then we visited Washington D.C.，the capital of the United States of American. 然后我们游览了华盛顿特区，美利坚合众国的首都。 47. We will only consider placing an order，if you reduce the price by 5%. 只有你们减价5%，我们才会考虑订货。 48. Never did I dream that I would take first place in the piano contest. 我从没有想到过我会在钢琴比赛中获得第一名。 49. Air as well as sunlight is，needless to say，indispensable to our daily life. 毫无疑问，空气和阳光一样，是我们生活中不可缺少的。 50. What is still better is that the house has a beautiful garden. 更棒的是，这个房子有一个漂亮的花园。

词汇提示 1.inaugurated 就职 2.republicans 共和党人 3.democrats 民主党人 4.margin 幅度 5.polls 民意调查 6.swing 摇摆 7.fortune 富有 8.prestigious 有声望的 9.guard 警卫 10.wandered 漫游 11.considerable 相当大的 12.Senate 参议院 13.incumbent 现任 14.neo-conservative 新保守主义 15.ideologist 意识形态专家 16.compassionate 有同情心的 原文 George W Bush Jr George W Bush Junior was inaugurated as the 43rd President of the United States on January 20, 2001. Of course, people knew that he was the son of the 41st President, George H-W Bush. He had also been governor of Texas since 1994. However, aside from this, he was not very well known outside of Texas. Why then, did so many people want him to run for president in 2000? Many Republicans thought that the Democrats could be defeated in 2000, but they themselves lacked a candidate with strong appeal. As the election approached, leading Republicans worried about whom to support. Some of the most powerful Republicans were state governors. They began to look around at each other for a possible candidate. Most eyes turn to George w Bush, the governor of Texas. In November 1998, bush was reelected as governor by an impressive margin. By now, bush was the leading Republican candidate in the polls. Of course, one advantage that Governor Bush had was a familiar name. In fact, when he did well in some early polls, it is likely that some people really voted for his father. They thought that George H-W Bush was running again. The Bush family was able to swing a lot of support to George W. It also helped that his brother Jeb was now governor of Florida. Parents George and Barbara were both born in Eastern United States. But in 1948, George moved to Texas, where he made a big fortune in the oil business. He went into politics in the 1960s and 70s, and served in a number of important positions. He was Ronald Reagan's Vice President from 1981 to 1989, and president from 1989 to 1993. George W was born in 1946, the oldest of the Bush children. Three more brothers and two sisters were also born. The younger sister died of leukemia as a child. George W attended the same prestigious Eastern colleges as his father. Then he came back to Texas and was a fighter pilot with the Texas Air National Guard. During the early 70s, He wandered from place to place, trying different jobs. After attending a Harvard Business school from 1972 to 1975, he came back to Texas and started his own oil exploration company. Although it wasn't as profitable as his father's company, he eventually sold his stock shares for a considerable amount of money. In 1978, he ran for the Senate of the United States, but was defeated. He became closely involved in his father's campaign for president in 1988. Here, he developed a lot of the political skills he was later able to use to run for office himself. In 1989, back in Texas, George W organized a group that bought the Texas Rangers baseball team. He later sold the team in 1998 and made a $14000000 profit in 1994. He surprised the political world by defeating the incumbent governor of Texas. As governor, he pushed ahead with an energetic program which reflected neo conservative values. However, George W did not appear as an ideologist to people. Even his opponents were willing to work with him. When he ran for president in 2000, Bush described himself as a compassionate conservative. Only time will tell how successful Bush will be as US President. 翻译 小布什 2001年1月20日，小布什宣誓就任美国第43任总统。 当然，人们知道他是第41任总统乔治·h·w·布什的儿子。 自1994年以来，他一直担任德克萨斯州州长。 然而，除此之外，他在德克萨斯州以外并不出名。 那么，为什么有那么多人希望他参加2000年的总统竞选呢? 许多共和党人认为民主党在2000年大选中可能会被击败，但他们自己却缺乏一位具有强大吸引力的候选人。 随着选举的临近，共和党领导人开始担心该支持谁，一些最有权势的共和党人是州长。 他们开始互相打量，寻找可能的候选人。 大多数人的目光都投向了得克萨斯州州长乔治•w•布什。 1998年11月，布什以惊人的优势再次当选州长。 到目前为止，布什在民意调查中是领先的共和党候选人。 当然，布什州长的一个优势是他的名字很熟悉。 事实上，当他在一些早期民调中表现良好时，很可能有些人真的把票投给了他父亲。 他们以为乔治·h·w·布什又要竞选了。 布什家族在很大程度上支持小布什。 他的兄弟杰布(Jeb)现在是佛罗里达州州长，这也对他有所帮助。 他的父母乔治和芭芭拉都出生在美国东部。 但是在1948年，乔治搬到了德克萨斯州，在那里他通过石油生意赚了一大笔钱。 他在20世纪60年代和70年代进入政界，担任过许多重要职位。 1981年至1989年，他担任罗纳德·里根(Ronald Reagan)的副总统，1989年至1993年担任总统。 小布什出生于1946年，是布什家族中年龄最大的一个。 另外还有三个兄弟和两个姐妹出生。 妹妹小时候死于白血病。 小布什和他的父亲就读于同一所著名的东部大学。 后来他回到了德克萨斯州，成为了德克萨斯州空军国民警卫队的一名战斗机飞行员。 在70年代初，他四处流浪，尝试不同的工作。 1972年至1975年，他在哈佛商学院(Harvard Business school)学习，之后回到德克萨斯州，创办了自己的石油勘探公司。 虽然没有他父亲的公司那么赚钱，但他最终还是卖掉了自己的股票，赚了一大笔钱。 1978年，他竞选美国参议员，但失败了。 1988年，他密切参与了父亲的总统竞选活动。 在这里，他发展了很多政治技巧，后来他自己也能用来竞选公职。 1989年，在德克萨斯州，小布什成立一个集团，买下了德克萨斯州游骑兵棒球队。 后来他在1998年卖掉了球队，在1994年赚了1400万美元。 他击败了德克萨斯州现任州长，震惊了政界。 作为州长，他推行了一项反映新保守主义价值观的充满活力的计划。 然而，在人们看来，小布什并不是一个意识形态专家。 甚至他的对手也愿意和他合作。 2000年竞选总统时，布什称自己是一个富有同情心的保守派。 只有时间才能证明布什作为美国总统会有多成功。 文稿及音频 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”

提示 1.每期为一篇听力题，每篇裁剪为若干片段，每个片段重复四遍。 2.可以前两遍盲听理解，后两遍根据文字内容精听。 3.根据中英文意思，听不懂的地方多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.trends 趋势 2.obsessed 痴迷 3.glimpse 瞥见 4.lifts 电梯 5.clients 客户 6.outfit 套装 7.appropriate 合适的 8.multiple多个 9.items 单品 10.shades 颜色深浅 11.colleagues 同事 12.involves 涉及 13.interacting 互动 原文 2020.12 六级第一套 Passage Two I work in advertising and I like to keep up with current trends. 我在广告行业工作，喜欢紧跟当前时尚。 Mainly because l'm aware that we live in an image obsessed world. 主要是因为我明白我们生活在一个注重形象的世界。 However, when I first started my job, occasionally l'd catch a glimpse of myself in the lifts and find myself thinking that I looked a total mess. 不过，刚开始工作时，我偶尔会在电梯里看到自己一眼，结果发现自己穿的一团糟。 Was I being held back by my choice of clothing? The short answer is yes, especially when clients are quick to judge you on your style rather than your work. 我有没有被自己的穿衣打扮拖后腿呢？简而言之，答案是肯定的，尤其是有些客户会根据你的穿搭而非工作来对你做出评价。 But no one can be unique with their outfit every day. I mean that's why uniforms were invented. So here's what I did, created my own uniform. 但是谁也不能每天都穿的与众不同，所以当初才有人发明了制服。于是我就设计了自己的制服。 To do this, I chose an appropriate outfit. Then I bought multiple items of the same style in different shades. 为此，我先挑选了一身合适的套装，然后买来许多统一风格但颜色深浅不同的单品。 Now, I never worry about what l'm wearing in the morning, even if I do get a bit tired of just wearing the same classic pieces. 现在我早上再也不用为穿什么而发愁了，虽然确实有点厌烦一直穿同样的经典款式。 Overall, when it comes to work, you have to ask yourself, “Will looking smarter enhance my ability to do my job?" For some, this question may not be an issue at all. 总的来说，谈到工作中的穿搭，你需要问问自己，穿得漂亮会提高我的工作能力吗？对有些人来说，这可能根本就不是问题。 Especially if you work remotely and rarely see your colleagues or clients face to face. But if your job involves interacting with other people, the answer to this is often yes. 尤其如果你是远程办公，很少和同事或客户见面。但是如果你的工作需要经常和其他人打交道，那这个问题的答案通常是肯定的。 So rather than fighting the system, I think we should just do whatever helps us to achieve our goals at work. If that means playing it safe with your image, then let's face it. It's probably worth it. 所以我认为，不要与这种体制对抗，我们只需要做好一切能帮助我们达成工作目标的事情。如果这意味着要审慎对待自己的形象，那么就直面它吧。这很可能是值得的。 问题： Question 12: What do we learn about the speaker when she first started her job? Question 13: Why were uniforms invented according to speaker? Question 14: What does speaker say about looking smarter? Question 15: What does the speaker advise people to do in an image obsessed world?

提示 一、十个句子每个句子念两遍，念完后从头再念两遍。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.generalize 泛化 2.in spite of 尽管 3.explicitly 明确地 4.overlook 忽略 5.up to the minute of 直到 原文 31. Just because a certain book does not interest readers does not mean that the fault lies in the book. 不是因为读者对某本书不感兴趣，这本书就肯定是有问题的了。 32. I don't think that it is possible to generalize a whole nation, and say how all Japanese people are. 我觉得不可以泛化一个民族，说日本人怎么样。 33. In spite of the fact that drinking alcohol damages their bodies, many people still like to drink it. 尽管喝酒对身体不好，很多人还是喜欢喝。 34. I don't like it when mathematicians who know much more than I do can't express themselves explicitly. 我不喜欢那些数学家知道的比我多得多，却不知道清楚地表达自己。 35 Kids these days think that any issue in life can be resolved as easily as restarting a computer game. 现在的孩子认为解决任何生活问题都像重新开始一个电脑游戏那么简单。 36. Making this matter public would have an effect on our sales, so we're going to overlook it this once. 公开此事会影响我们的销售，所以我们将忽略它一次。 37. Because people in the world don't speak the same language, much effort is now devoted to translation. 因为世界上的人不是讲同一种语言，所以现在很多人努力致力于翻译。 38. I am very sorry that I have to ask you to change the meeting date to March 6 due to personal reasons. 真的很对不起，因为一些私人的理由，我想请你把见面日期改为三月六日。 39. Older couples often appreciate cash more than gifts because they neither need nor have room for them. 年纪大的夫妻往往喜欢礼金胜于礼物，因为他们既不需要礼物也没有空间放礼物。 40. He was so healthy up to the minute of his sudden death. You really never know what might happen next. 他一直好好的，却突然死去了。未来的事情，实在是无法预知的

听前提示 一、三遍英文，一遍中文，再一遍英文。 二、从听懂的词入手，理解句子含义。 三、根据中英文意思，听不懂的多听几遍。 词汇提示 1.on the ground 以...为理由 2.vague 模糊的 3.theoretical 学术的 4.terms 术语 5.geometry 几何学 原文 31. How long does it take to go from here to the Hilton Hotel？ 从这里到希尔顿饭店要多长时间？ 32. What would become of our city if an earthquake were to hit it？ 如果地震来袭，我们的城市会变成什么样子？ 33. I can't agree to your proposal on the ground that it is not fair and reasonable. 我不能同意你的提议，因为这既不公平也不合理。 34. This meeting is a waste of time，everybody is just talking in vague theoretical terms. 这次会议就是浪费时间，每个人都在用含糊的理论术语说话。 35. If you put more tea leaves into the pot，the tea will taste better. 如果你再往茶壶里放点茶叶，茶的味道就会更好。 36. Geometry，about which I know nothing，seems like a very dull subject. 我对几何一窍不通，那似乎是一门很枯燥的学问。 37. I can know the past，but the future we can only feel. 我们可以了解过去，但我们只能感知未来。 38. When she returned home from school，she began to help her mother in the kitchen. 当她放学回家，就开始在厨房里帮妈妈干活。 39. Computers will save you much time and energy when you deal with figures and graphs. 当处理数字和图标时，电脑将节省你很多时间和精力。 40. Now that you are a high school student，you are responsible for what you do. 既然你是一名高中生了，你要对你的行为负责。

词汇提示 1.cattle drives 赶牛 2.conqueror 占领者 3.roamed 漫步 4.prairies 草原 5.interbred 杂交 6.temper 脾气 7.aggressiveness 攻击性 8.disbanded 遣散 9.tribes 部落 10.wagon 马车 11.barred 被禁止 12.barbed wire 带刺铁丝网围栏 13.dealer 商人 14.sheriff 治安官 15.tamed 驯服 16.herd 牧群 17.rancher 牧场主 18.chuck wagon 流动餐车 19.portable 便携的 20.fenced 被围起来 原文 Cowboys The golden age of the American cowboy was short lived. It began in the 1860s with the great cattle drives from Texas north to Kansas. By 1890, when railroads had reached remote areas, there was no more need for large scale cattle drives. Of course, cowboys have a history before 1860. In fact, there were Mexican cowboys long before that. The Spanish conqueror of Mexico, Hernan Cortes, brought cattle with him. In 1521, Cortes also branded his cattle with a three-cross design. The Spanish sharp horned cattle roamed the deserts and prairies freely. Eventually, they found their way to Texas. American settlers in Texas interbreed their animals with the Spanish breed.The Texas long-horn cow was the result. It was famous for its bad temper and aggressiveness. The long horn was a dangerous animal, with each of its horns measuring up to three and one half feet long. After the American Civil War ended in 1865, disbanded soldiers who were former black slaves and young men seeking adventure headed west. At that time, there were about 5 million cattle in Texas. Back in the east, there was a big demand for beef. By this time, railways from the east extended as far west as Kansas. It was still more than 600 miles from South Texas to the railway between the two places. There were rivers to cross Indian tribes, bad lands and other problems. Fur trader named Jesse Chism had driven his wagon north. In 1865, cowboys and cattle followed the Chism trail north to Abilene, Kansas. This cattle trail became the most famous route for driving cattle, until it was barred with barbed wire in 1884. In 1867, cattle dealer Joseph G McCoy built pens for 3000 cattle in the little town of Abilene. Soon, Abilene was the most dangerous town in America. After the long cattle drive, cowboys who had just been paid went wild. Sheriff “Wild Bill”Hickok tamed Abilene in 1871 by forcing cowboys to turn over their guns when they arrived in town. Other towns replaced Abilene as the wildest town in the west-Newton, Wichita, Ellsworth and Dodge City in Kansas. A herd of 3000 Texas long horns might sell for 100000 dollars, making the rancher rich. The cowboys might get 200 dollars in wages, which often disappeared on drink women and gambling. Getting cattle to Kansas was far from easy. One of the biggest difficulties was getting the herd across rivers, especially when the river was high.There were no bridges. In 1871, 350 cowboys driving 60000 cattle waited two weeks for the water level in the Red River to go down. Food for men and animals was also difficult to find at times. An early cattleman developed the Chuck Wagon, which were both a supply wagon and a portable kitchen. In the 1870s, there were probably 40000 cowboys in the West. After the prairies were fenced in, there was less work. Large ranchers still employ cowboys to round up the cattle for branding or for sale. Even today, about 20000 cowboys still work in North America. 翻译 牛仔 美国牛仔的黄金时代是短暂的。 它始于19世纪60年代，从德克萨斯向北到堪萨斯的大规模赶牛。 到1890年，当铁路到达偏远地区时，就不再需要大规模的赶牛了。 当然，牛仔在1860年以前就有了。 事实上，早在那之前就有墨西哥牛仔了。 墨西哥的西班牙征服者埃尔南·科尔特斯带来了牛。 1521年，科尔特斯还在他的牛身上烙上了一个三叉图案。 西班牙尖角牛在沙漠和大草原上自由游荡。 最终，他们找到了去德克萨斯州的路。 德克萨斯州的美国定居者将他们的牛与西班牙品种杂交。得克萨斯长角牛就是结果。 它以坏脾气和好斗而闻名。 长角牛是一种危险的动物，它的每个角都有3.5英尺长。 1865年美国内战结束后，被解散的士兵包括曾经黑人奴隶的和寻求冒险的年轻人向西进发。 当时，德克萨斯州大约有500万头牛。 美国东部对牛肉的需求很大。 此时，铁路从东部一直延伸到西部的堪萨斯州。 从南德克萨斯到这两个地方之间的铁路仍然有600多英里。 有河流、穿越印第安部落，有恶劣的土地和其他问题。 名叫杰西·克里斯的皮草商人把他的马车开到了北方。 1865年，牛仔和牛群沿着克里斯小道向北来到堪萨斯州的阿比林。 这条牛道成为最著名的赶牛路线，直到1884年才被铁丝网封死。 1867年，牛贩子约瑟夫·G·麦考伊(Joseph G McCoy)在小镇阿比林(Abilene)建造了3000头牛的围栏。 很快，阿比林成了美国最危险的城镇。 经过长时间的赶牛，刚拿到报酬的牛仔们变得发狂。 1871年，“狂野比尔”希科克警长驯服了阿比林，他强迫牛仔们在进城时交出他们的枪支。 其他城镇取代阿比林成为西部最荒凉的城镇——堪萨斯州的牛顿、威奇托、埃尔斯沃斯和道奇城。 一群3000只德克萨斯长角牛可以卖到10万美元，这让牧场主变得富有。 牛仔们可能会得到200美元的工资，而这些工资往往会因为酗酒的女人和赌博而消失。 把牛运到堪萨斯并不容易。 最大的困难之一是让牛群过河，尤其是在水位高的时候。因为路上没有桥。 1871年，350名牛仔赶着60000头牛等了两个星期，才等等红河的水位下降。 人类和动物的食物有时也很难找到。一位早期的牧人发明了查克马车（流动餐车），它既是一辆补给车，也是一个便携式厨房。 在19世纪70年代，西部大约有4万名牛仔。 大草原用篱笆围起来之后，工作就少了。 大牧场主仍然雇用牛仔把牛圈起来打上商标或出售。 直到今天，仍有约2万名牛仔在北美工作。 文稿及音频 关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”