2019年英语专业四级听力 演讲 Revision of Essay Drafts 文章草稿的修改 Good morning everyone. In today's lecture, I'm going to talk about how to revise essay drafts and give you some tips as well. 大家早上好。在今天的讲座中，我将谈一谈如何修改文章草稿，并且也会给出一些建议。 The initial revision should, of course, focus on the essay as a whole. 当然，最初的修改应该把重点放在文章的整体上。 You'd ask yourself: do I reach my writing objective? 你会问自己：我是否达到了写作目标？ Does my essay directly answer the question? Is my main idea clear? 我的文章是否直接回答了这个问题？我的中心思想清楚吗？ In order to answer these questions, what you need to do first is to revise for content. 为了回答这些问题，你首先需要做的是修改内容。 The typical rough draft may have too little and too much content all at the same time. 草稿中存在的典型问题是可能同时包含太少和太多的内容。 It will have touched the surface of some portions of the essay without providing adequate explanation or convincing detail. 它可能在一些部分泛泛而谈，没有提供充分的解释和令人信服的细节。 At the same time, it may have discussed things that do not contribute significantly to your major points. 同时，它也可能谈论了太多和主题无关的信息。 So,what is a good essay then? 那么，一篇好的文章是什么样子的呢？ A good essay eliminates irrelevant material while includes all the information necessary to your main point. 一篇好的文章会省略无关的材料，同时包含所有必要的信息。 Your reader needs sufficient evidence to accept what you are saying. 你的读者需要足够的证据来接受你的言论。 So,you have to make sure you have adequately developed and supported your main idea. 所以，你必须确保你已经充分展开和支持你的主要观点。 Content that is unrelated to the main idea should be eliminated. 与主旨无关的内容应该被删除。 Then,what is the second step in revision? That is revise for organization. 那么，修改的第二步是什么呢？那就是修改结构。 A well-organized essay will group similar ideas together and put them in the proper order. 一篇条理清晰的文章会把相似的观点组织在一起，并按适当的顺序排列。 If you find it easy to produce an outline from your draft, this means that thereisa clear logic to the flow of the content. 如果你发现从你的草稿中很容易列出大纲，这意味着你的文章内容逻辑清晰。 And you can be reasonably certain that you have a well-ordered essay; otherwise,reorder your content. 你可以很确定你的文章布局良好，否则，就要重新布局你的文章了。 The third step you are advised to take is to revise for length. 第三步，我建议你修改文章的长度。 Is your essay approximately the right length? 你的文章长度合适吗？ If it is substantially longer than the stated limit, you have to consider reducingthe supporting material. 如果它比要求的长度超出很多，你需要考虑减少辅助内容。 But even if there's no stated limit, or you are allowed to write as long as you like,please adhere to a self-imposed limit. 但是，即使没有明确的限制，或者你可以随意书写，也请坚持自我设限。 And unless addressing a topic that needs lengthy explanation, stick to it. 除非处理一个需要冗长解释的话题，否则坚持下去。 The steps I have mentioned so far actually refer to revision of an essay as a whole. 到目前为止，我所提到的步骤都是指在文章整体基础上的修改。 The next step is to revise for components of the essay including the paragraphs, sentences,and individual words. 下一步是修改文章的组成部分，包括段落、句子和单个单词。 You may ask: how am I going to revise paragraphs? 你可能会问：我要怎么修改段落？ Well,I'd say a paragraph is not arbitrarily formed. 好吧，我想说一个段落不是随意写成的。 It should revolve around an idea, a theme. 它应该围绕着一个想法、一个主题。 Let me tell you one way to revise paragraphs: isolate a paragraph at a time, and make sure it runs smoothly and is not merely a bunch of unrelated statements put together. 让我告诉你一种修改段落的方式：一次只修改一个段落，确保它书写流畅，而不是一堆不相关的语句堆砌。 As for revision of sentences and words, most essay writers pile on one long sentence after another. 对于句子和单词的修改，大多数的文章作者都是对一个接一个的长句子进行修改。 Well,I'd suggest you avoid this by breaking up some of the longer sentences to provide variety. 我建议你通过分解一些长句使句式变得多样化，从而避免这种情况。 Use short sentences to make important points, and long sentences to explain complex ideas. 用短句来强调重点，用长句来解释复杂的想法。 Also try to use a variety of sentence structures to maintain reader interest. 也要尝试使用各种句子结构来保持读者的兴趣。 Eliminate sentences that sound awkward when read aloud. 删去大声朗读时听起来很别扭的句子。 For diction, a very important tip is to eliminate imprecise or wordy language. 对于措辞来说，一个非常重要的建议是删除不精确或冗长的语言。 Forexample, use although instead of despite the fact that; 例如，使用“although”而不是“despite the fact that; try to add vigor to your writing by removing cliches, and use fresh and interesting descriptions. 尝试通过删除陈词滥调来增加写作的活力，并使用新鲜有趣的描述。 Try to write as much as possible with nouns and verbs rather than primarily with adjectives that slow the pace and reduce impact. 尽量使用名词和动词，而不是主要用形容词来写作，这些形容词会减慢文章的推进速度，削弱文章的效果。 Similarly,right in the active, not the passive voice. 同样地，要尽量使用主动语态，而不是被动语态。 Now let me just repeat what I have said today. Revision is important. 现在让我复述一下今天所讲的内容。修改很重要。 When you revise your draft as a whole, pay attention to content, organization and length. 当你以一个整体来修改草稿时，注意内容、结构和篇幅。 But don't forget to revise your essay in detail. 但别忘了修改你文章的细节。 Revision of sentences and words can also make the essay more interesting to readers. 修改句子和单词也能使文章对读者来说变得更加有趣。

The Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper 词汇提示 1.stabbed 捅 2.tents 帐篷 3.thick fog 浓雾 原文 Chapter V: Fort William Henry Hawk-eye ran from the forest. Chingachgook and Uncas followed him. There was a fight. Hawk-eye, Uncas and Duncan killed four Hurons. Chingachgook jumped on Magua. The Mohicans stabbed Magua with his knife, Magua fell to the ground. Hawk-eye and Duncan went and helped the two women. But Magua was not dead. He got up and ran away. Chingachgook got Uncas ran after him. 'Stop.' shouted Hawk-eye. 'You cannot catch him.' 'Hawk-eye. How did you find us? 'Duncan asked. 'We waited at the side of the river, ' said Hawk-eye. 'We saw the Hurons take you across the river. Then we followed you.' 'You saved my life,' said Duncan. Hawk-eye smiled. 'I found a Huron's gun,' he said. 'The Hurons were stupid. They left their guns under the trees.' Hawk-eye went back to the trees. He picked up the other guns, found own long gun. 'Now we have guns and bullets,' he said. 'We will stay here tonight. Tomorrow we will go to Fort William Henry. Very early the next morning, Hawk-eye woke his friends. He led them across the valley and along a path through the forest. They stopped near a small river. 'We will walk in the water, ' said Hawk-eye, 'then Magua will not see our footprints on the ground. ' They walked in the river for an hour. Then they came to some mountains. 'Walk quietly now, ' said Hawk-eye.' There are French soldiers here.' They walked to the top of a mountain and looked down. There was Lake Horican! And there was Fort William Henry! Smoke came from fires in the forest. 'Look at the fires,' said Hawk-eye. 'There are many Hurons in the forest. They are fighting for the French.' 'And look to the west,' said Duncan. 'Look at those tents. That is General Montcalm's camp. There are thousands of French soldiers.' Suddenly they heard the sound of guns. 'The French are shooting at Fort William Henry,' said Duncan. 'But we must get into the fort.' 'We are lucky'，said Hawk-eye. Thick fog is coming along the valley. The fog will hide us from the French. Follow me. ' Hawk-eye and the Mohicans started to walk down the mountain. Duncan and the two sisters followed them. At the bottom of the mountain, the fog was very thick. 'Be careful!' said Hawk-eye 'There are many French soldiers along this path. Walk quietly!' They followed him through the fog. Suddenly, they heard voices. 'Who is there?' said a soldier in French. Duncan replied in French. 'A friend of France!' he said. 'Who are you?' shouted the Frenchman. But Duncan and his friends walked away quickly. They went on through the fog. At last, they arrived at the walls of the fort. An English voice shouted from the top of the wall. 'The French are here. Shoot! Shoot!' 'Father, Father! 'Alice shouted. 'It is us! Save your daughters. ' 'Don't shoot, men!' said the voice of General Munro. 'My daughters are here! Open the gates!' The gates opened. Soldiers came out of the fort. They took everybody inside - Duncan, the young women, Hawk-eye and the Mohicans. But everybody in Fort William Henry was in danger. 翻译 第五章：威廉·亨利堡 鹰眼从森林里跑了出来。 钦加古和乌卡斯跟着他。 他们打了一架。 鹰眼，恩卡斯和邓肯杀了四个休伦人。 钦加古扑向马瓜。 莫希干人用他的刀刺伤了马瓜，马瓜倒在地上。 鹰眼和邓肯去帮助那两个女人。 但马瓜并没有死。 他站起来跑开了。 钦加古克让乌卡斯追他。 “停止。” 鹰眼喊道。“你抓不到他的。” ”鹰眼。你怎么找到我们的？”邓肯问。 “我们在河边等着。”鹰眼说。 “我们看见休伦人带你过河。然后我们跟着你。” “你救了我的命，”邓肯说。 鹰眼笑了。 “我找到了一把休伦人的枪，”他说。“休伦人是愚蠢的。他们把枪留在树下了。” 鹰眼回到树林里。 他捡起了别人的枪，找到了自己的长枪。 他说，“现在我们有枪和子弹了。我们今晚就住在这儿。明天我们去威廉·亨利堡。” 第二天一大早，鹰眼叫醒了他的朋友们。 他领着他们穿过山谷，沿着一条小路穿过森林。 他们在一条小河附近停了下来。 “我们在水里走，”鹰眼说，“这样马瓜就看不到我们在地上的脚印了。” 他们在河里走了一个小时。 然后他们来到了一些山。 “现在安静地走吧，”鹰眼说。这里有法国士兵。” 他们走到山顶往下看。 还有霍里肯湖！ 还有威廉·亨利堡！ 烟雾来自森林里的火。 “看那些火。”鹰眼说。“森林里有很多休伦人。他们在为法国人而战。” “再看看西边，”邓肯说。“看看那些帐篷。那是蒙特卡姆将军的营地。那里有成千上万的法国士兵。” 突然，他们听到了枪声。 “法国人正在向威廉·亨利堡射击，”邓肯说。“但我们必须进入堡垒。” “我们很幸运。”鹰眼说。“浓雾正沿着山谷飘来。大雾会掩护我们不被法国人发现。跟我来。” 鹰眼和莫希干人开始下山。 邓肯和两姐妹跟着他们。 在山脚下，雾很浓。 “小心!”鹰眼说，“这条路上有很多法国士兵。静静地走!” 他们在雾中跟着他。 突然，他们听到了说话声。 “谁在那儿？”一个士兵用法语说。 邓肯用法语回答。“法国的朋友！”他说。 “你是谁？”法国人喊道。 但是邓肯和他的朋友们很快就走开了。 他们在雾中继续前进。 最后，他们来到了堡垒的城墙前。 一个英国人的声音从墙头传来。 “法国人来了。开枪!开枪!” “父亲,父亲!”爱丽丝喊道。“是我们！救救你的女儿们吧。” “别开枪，伙计们！”门罗将军的声音说。“我的女儿们在这儿！打开大门！” 大门打开了。士兵们从堡垒里出来了。 他们把所有人都带了进去——邓肯、年轻的女人们、鹰眼和莫希干人。 但威廉·亨利堡的每个人都处于危险之中。

431. What'syour major? 你学什么专业？ Ihave not decided yet. 我还没想好呢。 432. What'syour opinion? 你有什么看法？ Idon't really have an opinion about this. 我对此没有什么看法。 433. I'msingle. 我单身。 Iwill stay that way for a long time! 我会单身很长时间。 434. What'sthe difference? 有什么不同呢? I amnot quite sure, I don't see one. 我不是很确定，不觉得有什么不同。 435. I'lltreat you. 我请客。 Nexttime it will be on me! 下次我请你。 436. Areyou regretful? 你后悔吗? No, Ithink it was the right decision. 不，我觉得这是正确的决定。 437. Bringit to me. 给我拿过来。 No,come and fetch it yourself. 不，你自己过来取。 438. It'smy fault. 这是我的错。 I amsure you did not mean it that way. 我确信你不是故意的。 439. Let'sget out of here. 咱们走吧。 Waitfor me. 等等我。 440. I'malmost done. 我已经快完成了。 Hurryup then, don't take too long. 你快点儿，不要花太多时间。

大家好，这是分段音频的合订纯享版本，欢迎朋友们进行购买。感谢大家的支持！ 购买了本单集的朋友，可以到公众号《高效英语磨耳朵》私信我获取配套的文稿及翻译。 柴可夫斯基 《天鹅湖》 00:00:04 Chapter 1: Prince Zigfried 00:04:17 Chapter 2: The Beautiful Princess 00:08:37 Chapter 3: Odet 00:13:07 Chapter 4: A bird in a cage 00:16:51 Chapter 5: Odet's New Voice 00:20:49 Chapter 6: The Ball 00:26:20 Chapter 7: Odile Escapes 00:29:59 Chapter 8: The Prince Chases the Princess 00:33:42 Chapter 9: The Fire 00:37:55 Chapter 10: The Wedding Chapter 1: Prince Zigfried Once upon a time, in a faraway land, there lived a Prince. 从前，在一个遥远的地方，住着一位王子。 His name was Zigfried, and he was very unhappy. 他的名字叫齐格弗里德，他很不高兴。 His father, the King, had died, and since then, everyone in the palace had forgotten how to smile. 他的父亲，国王，已经去世了，从那以后，宫殿里的每个人都忘记了如何微笑。 Without his father, Zigfried thought he would never feel happy again. 没有父亲，齐格弗里德觉得自己再也不会快乐了。 Every day, Zigfried sat at the window in his room in the palace, looking at the birds in the trees. 每天，齐格弗里德都坐在宫殿房间的窗前，看着树上的鸟儿。 "How can they sing and fly so free? They must not feel like me." “他们怎么能如此自由地唱歌和飞翔？他们一定不像我。” His servant, Ozlowe, tried to make the prince smile by telling him jokes or doing funny tricks for him. 他的仆人奥兹洛试图通过给王子讲笑话或做有趣的把戏来逗他微笑。 But the Prince would not smile. 但是王子没有笑。 "I know you love me Ozlowe, but I cannot smile. My heart is broken." “我知道你爱我，奥兹洛，但我无法微笑。我的心都碎了。” Ozlowe would not give up. 奥兹洛没有放弃。 "Let's go for a walk, good Prince. Maybe we can find something outside which will make you happy." “我们去散散步吧，好王子。也许我们可以在外面找些能让你开心的东西。” "If you wish Ozlowe, but I don't think there's anything that can make me happy." “如果你希望这样，奥兹洛，但我认为没有什么能让我快乐。” Ozlowe put on his hunting cap, and he took his crossbow. 奥兹洛戴上狩猎帽，拿起弩。 He enjoyed hunting and he hoped to catch a bird or a rabbit for the Prince. 他喜欢打猎，他希望为王子抓一只鸟或一只兔子。 They walked through the forest until they came to a lake. 他们穿过森林，直到来到一个湖边。 On the lake, there was a beautiful white swan. 湖上有一只美丽的白天鹅。 It had a gold crown on its head, that only Princesses wear. 它头上戴着一顶只有公主才戴的金王冠。 The swan swam towards the prince and looked into his eyes. 天鹅游向王子，看着他的眼睛。 The swan's eyes were so sad that Prince Zigfried felt sorry for it. 天鹅的眼睛很悲伤，齐格弗里德王子为此感到难过。 "Here is a creature which feels worse than I do. But why do you have that crown on your head?" “这是一种比我感觉更糟糕的生物。但你为什么头上戴着那顶王冠？” The swan opened its wings and cried out. 天鹅张开翅膀，大声叫了起来。 Ozlowe had his crossbow in his hands. 奥兹洛手里拿着弩。 He wanted to shoot the swan. 他想射杀天鹅。 "I'll get that swan for you. Prince. Justone minute." “我给你拿天鹅。王子。等一下。” "Ozlowe, no!" “奥兹洛，不！” Before Ozlowe could shoot, a magic owl flew from a tree and took Ozlowe's cap off his head. 奥兹洛还没来得及开枪，一只魔法猫头鹰就从树上飞了下来，摘下了奥兹洛的帽子。 This cast a spell on him, and he was turned to stone. 这对他施了一个咒语，他变成了石头。 The Prince did not understand. 王子不明白。 "Ozlowe, what has happened to you? Speak to me!" “奥兹洛，你怎么了？跟我说话！” He looked back at the lake. 他回头看了看湖。 The swan was gone. 天鹅不见了。 "Everything I do goes wrong. This must have happened because of me!" “我所做的一切都错了。这一定是因为我！” "If only Ozlowe were here! There is nothing good in my life any more". “要是奥兹洛在这里就好了！我的生活再也没有什么好东西了”。 Zigfried's mother came to see him that night. 那天晚上齐格弗里德的妈妈来看他。 She had something important to say. 她有重要的事情要说。 "Zigfried, soon you will be eighteen years old. You must take your father's place as King. I am having a ball on your birthday so that you may choose a wife, and I will invite all the princesses from the other kingdoms." “齐格弗里德，你很快就要十八岁了。你必须继承你父亲的王位。我在你生日那天要举办一个舞会，这样你就可以选一个妻子了，我会邀请其他王国的所有公主。” "But I do not wish to marry, Mother. I do not love anyone." “但我不想结婚，妈妈。我不爱任何人。” "You will learn to love someone. First, you must stop thinking of yourself." “你会学会爱一个人。首先，你必须停止为自己着想。” "If this will make you happy, I'll do it, Mother." “如果这能让你高兴，我就去做，妈妈。” "It is not for my happiness that I am doing this. It is for yours, and all the other people in this land. You see, love is more powerful than we know. Without it, you will not be a great King." “我这样做不是为了我的幸福。这是为了你的，也是为了这片土地上的所有其他人。你看，爱比我们所知道的更强大。没有它，你就不会成为一个伟大的国王。” His mother left him. 他的母亲离开了他。 He sat at the window, thinking of what she had said. 他坐在窗前，想着她说的话。 He wanted to love someone with all his heart, but he didn't know who it would be. 他想全心全意地爱一个人，但他不知道会是谁。

听前提示 一、每期提供10个单词，每个单词都会有2-3个例句，方便理解记忆。 二、每个单词和句子都会重复5遍，其中第2遍为慢速，有助于识别。 三、本材料的整体难度较低，可以用来听力磨耳朵和单词查漏补缺。 Day 107 1061. Gray adj.灰色的；苍白的 n.灰色；暗淡 I don't like this hat. I prefer the gray one. 我不喜欢这顶帽子。我更喜欢灰色的。 1062. Great a.伟大的；重要的；大量的；美好的 That's a really great idea. 这真是个好主意。 His ambition is to become a great scientist. 他的志向是成为一名伟大的科学家。 I think this tie will go great with that shirt. 我想这条领带搭配那件衬衫会很不错。 1063. Greatly adv.非常地，极大地 I greatly appreciate your kindness. 我非常感谢你的好意。 She has contributed greatly to our success. 她为我们的成功做出了巨大贡献。 I was greatly impressed by your presentation. 你的演讲给我留下了深刻的印象。 1064. Green a.绿色的；未成熟的n.绿色；蔬菜 I love green peppers. 我喜欢青椒。 I like red, green and pink. 我喜欢红色、绿色和粉红色。 If you mix blue and yellow, you'll get green. 如果你混合蓝色和黄色，你会得到绿色。 1065. groceries n.杂货；食品；生活用品 Where can I buy some groceries? 我在哪里可以买到食品杂货？ On the way home I decided to stop at the store to get some groceries. 在回家的路上，我决定去商店买些杂货。 1066. Grocery n.杂货店 Are there any grocery stores close by? 附近有杂货店吗？ There's a grocery store on this street. 这条街上有一家杂货店。 1067. Ground n.地，地面，土地；场所 She is lying on the ground. 她躺在地上。 I live on the ground floor. 我住在一楼。 1068. Group n.群，组v.分组 The group consists of 50 students in all. 该小组共有50名学生。 She begins to explain her plan of action to the group. 她开始向小组解释她的行动计划。 They're not sure they could provide accommodation for the whole group. 他们不确定自己能否为整个团体提供住宿。 1069. Grow v.生长，成长；种植；发展 We grow vegetables in our garden. 我们在花园里种蔬菜。 I want to be a pilot when I grow up. 我长大后想成为一名飞行员。 Who do you want to be when you grow up? 你长大后想成为谁？ 1070. Growth n.生长，增长,发展 The economic growth is very slow. 经济增长非常缓慢。 The rapid growth of the city surprised us. 这座城市的快速发展使我们感到惊讶。 Rapid population growth is a serious problem in our country. 人口快速增长是我国的严重问题。

2018年英语专业四级听力 对话2 Conversation Two 对话2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two. 根据对话2回答第6题到第10题 Hello,and welcome to today's program. I'm Alice. 大家好，欢迎来到今天的节目。我是爱丽丝。 And I'm Jack. Hello. 我是杰克。大家好。 Hello,Jack. You're off on holiday tomorrow, aren't you? 你好，杰克。你明天休假，是吗？ I am and you know, and I'm dreading it. I hate flying! 是的，你知道，我很害怕。我讨厌坐飞机！ Do you? I didn't know you had a phobia- and that means a strong and unreasonable fear of something. 是吗？我不知道你有恐惧症——就是对某种事物强烈而不合理的恐惧。 Well,I don't think this is a phobia because it isn't unreasonable. Flying thousands of feet up in the sky, you know, that's not safe! 嗯，我不认为这是恐惧症，因为它并非没有道理。你知道，在几干英尺的高空飞行很不安全 Flying is safer than you think, Jack. It's much riskier to drive or cycle to work.And, actually, risk taking is the subject of today's show! Risk means the chances of something bad happening. For example, did you know that your chance of being knocked off your bicycle and killed during a one-mile journey is the same as your chances of winning the lotter 乘飞机比你想象得要安全，杰克。开车或骑车上班风险更大。冒险！就是今天节目的主题！风险是指发生坏事的可能性。例如，你知道在一英里之内你骑自行车被撞到撞死的几率和你中彩票的几率是一样大的吗？ I didn't know that. 我不知道。 Can you guess what are the chances of either of these two things happening? 你能猜到这两种情况发生的概率是多少吗？ I have no idea. One in a million? 我不知道。一百万分之一吗？ No,it's one in 14 million. You are as likely to win the national lottery from a single ticket as you are to be knocked off your bicycle and killed during a one-mile journey. 不，是1千4百万分之一。你中全国彩票头奖的可能性就像一英里之内你骑自行车被撞倒撞死的可能性一样大。 But why are we bad at assessing risk? 但是为什么我们不善于评估风险呢？ People typically fear anything which is small probability but it's extremely catastrophic if it were to happen... 通常人们害怕的都是发生的可能性很小，但如果发生的话，将会是一场灾难的事情……. Recently we have another increase in these birds' virus outbreaks. People read about that. And they may pay a lot of attention to that in the news but they may forget to get their flu shot. 最近这些鸟类病毒爆发事件又增加了。大家都知道这些。他们可能会在新闻中注意到这一点，但他们可能会忘记注射流感疫苗。 That's right. We tend to worry about big or catastrophic events such as catching bird flu or dying in a plane crash because we react emotionally to them. 对。我们倾向于担心重大或灾难性的事件，如感染禽流感或飞机失事伤亡，因为我们情绪上会对它们产生反应。 Yeah.Catastrophic events feel like very real threats, while we tend to forget about the small but chronic risks that become more likely over time. 是的。灾难性的事件感觉起来是非常真实的威胁，而我们往往会忘记那些随着时间的推移变得更有可能发生的，小而长期的风险。 We do. So for example, what if there was a cigarette that killed you as soon as you smoked it? Nobody would do that, would they? 是的。举个例子，如果有一根烟，你一抽完就会死，会出现什么样的情况？没有人会那样做，对不对? No,they wouldn't. 对，没有人会那样做。 But plenty of people are happy to smoke for years, and put off worrying about the health risks for the future. 但是很多人很乐意吸烟很多年，并没有担心未来可能出现的健康风险。 Yes,that's a good point, Jack! People feel they are in control of risks that stretch over time. You know, they think, "I could stop tomorrow" or"I could smoke less". But what about people who really enjoy taking big risks—those thrill seekers out there? 是的，说得好，杰克！随着时间的推移，人们觉得他们能够控制住风险。你知道，他们会想，“我明天可以停下来”或者“我可以少抽烟”。但是那些真正喜欢冒险的人——那些寻求刺激的人呢？ People who enjoy extreme sports actually seek out danger—it gives them extreme pleasure! 喜欢极限运动的人实际上是在寻找危险，那给了他们极大的乐趣！ If the risk is really high, it means that the pleasure needs to be equally high,or hopefully even higher— 如果风险真的很高，那就意味着其中乐趣需要同样高，甚至更高.….. You're right. 你说的对。 Questions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two. 请根据对话2回答第6到10题。 6.According to Alice, what is a phobia? 问题6.根据爱丽丝的说法，什么是恐惧症？ 7.What are the chances of getting knocked off one's bicycle and killed in aone-mile journey? 问题7.一英里之内骑自行车被撞倒撞死的可能性有多大？ 8.What kind of event do people tend to worry about? 问题8.人们会担心什么样的事情？ 9.Which may involve a chronic risk? 问题9.哪一项可能涉及慢性风险？ 10.Why do some people enjoy risks? 问题10.为什么有些人喜欢冒险？

The Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper 词汇提示 1.steep 陡的 2.brandy 白兰地 原文 Chapter IV: I am a Huron Chief The Hurons and their prisoners started to walk. Magua walked in front of Duncan, Cora and Alice. The other Hurons walked behind the prisoners. They walked across a valley. Then Magua led them up a steep hill. The land at the top of the hill was flat. Magua sat down under a tree. The Hurons started to eat and drink. Magua shouted to Duncan. 'Send the dark-haired woman to me!' Cora was afraid. She went to Magua. 'What do you want?' she asked. 'I ama Huron chief,' said Magua. 'I lived twenty summers and twenty winters. I did not see a white man. I was happy! Then a white man came to the forest. He gave me brandy. The drink was bad on me. It made me crazy! My people were angry. I had to go away, I ran away and lived with the Mohawks.' 'Then the war started,' said Magua. 'The French and the English were fighting each other.The Mohawks were fighting for the English. The Hurons were fighting for the French.I was fighting my own people.' 'Your father - Munro - was our chief. He told the Mohawks "Do not drink brandy!" But a white man gave me brandy. What did Munro do? He gave orders to his men. They tied me with ropes and they heat me! I will never forget!' 'But-'said Cora. 'Woman!'shouted Magua . He stood up quickly. 'You will be my wife! Your sister will go to Fort William Henry. She must tell Munro everything. Then Munro will know. His daughter lives with me Magua.' 'Never!'said Cora. 'I will not be your wife.' Magua smiled. 'Then you will die,' he said. 'And yourfriends will die too.' Then Magua went towards the other Hurons. He spoke to them. Duncan ran to Cora. 'What is wrong?' he asked. 'What did Magua say to you?' 'It is not important,' said Cora. The Hurons were listening to Magua. Duncan watched them. They were very angry. Suddenly,Magua shouted at the Hurons. They pulled Duncan and the women towards the trees. They tied each prisoner to a tree with rope. Magua stood in front of Cora. He laughed. 'What does Munro's daughter say now?' he said. 'Shall I send your sister to your father? Will you follow me to the Great Lakes and live with me?' Cora looked at her sister. 'Alice,'said Cora. 'I must go with Magua and be his wife. Then you and Duncan will live.' 'No!'shouted Duncan. 'Never!' 'No,no, no!' said Alice. 'Then die!' shouted Magua. He threw his knife at Alice. The knifecut off some of her hair. Ithit the tree above her head. Duncan shouted angrily. The Hurons had tied Duncan to a tree. But he pulled the rope and it broke. He jumped on a Huron and they fought. The Huron had a knife. He was going to kill Duncan. Suddenly a gun fired and the Huron fell dead. 翻译 第四章：我是休伦酋长 休伦人和他们的俘虏开始行走。 玛瓜走在邓肯、科拉和爱丽丝的前面。 其他休伦人走在囚犯的后面。 他们走过一个山谷。 然后马瓜带他们上了一座陡峭的小山。 山顶的土地是平坦的。 马瓜坐在树下。 休伦人开始吃喝。 马瓜对邓肯喊道。“把那个黑发女人给我送来！” 科拉很害怕。她去了马瓜。 “你想干什么？”她问。 “我是休伦族的首领，”马瓜说。“我活了二十个夏天和二十个冬天。我没有看到一个白人。我很高兴！然后一个白人来到森林里。他给了我白兰地。这酒对我不好。我都快疯了！我的人民很生气。我不得不离开，我逃跑了，和莫霍克人住在一起。” “然后战争开始了，”马瓜说。“法国人和英国人在互相厮杀。莫霍克人为英国人而战。休伦人为法国人而战。我是在和自己人作战。” “你父亲——门罗——是我们的首领。他告诉莫霍克人“不要喝白兰地！”但一个白人给了我白兰地。门罗做了什么？他向部下下达命令。他们用绳子把我绑起来，然后加热我！我永远不会忘记！” “可是——”科拉说。 “女人!”马瓜喊道。 他迅速站了起来。 “你将成为我的妻子！你妹妹会去威廉·亨利堡。她必须把一切都告诉门罗。那门罗就会知道了。他的女儿和我住在一起，马瓜。” “从来没有!”科拉说。“我不会做你的妻子。” 马褂笑了。“那你就死定了，”他说。“你的朋友也会死的。” 于是玛瓜去找其他休伦人。他对他们说话。 邓肯跑向科拉。 “怎么了?”他问。“马瓜对你说了什么？” “这不重要，”科拉说。 休伦人在听玛瓜的话。 邓肯看着他们。 他们非常生气。 突然，马瓜对休伦人大喊大叫。 他们把邓肯和妇女们拉向树林。 他们用绳子把每个囚犯绑在树上。 马瓜站在科拉面前。 他笑了。 “门罗的女儿现在说什么？”他说。“要我把你妹妹送到你父亲那里去吗？你愿意跟我去五大湖，和我一起生活吗？” 科拉看着她的妹妹。 “爱丽丝，”科拉说。“我必须和马瓜一起去，做他的妻子。这样你和邓肯就能活下来。” “不!”邓肯喊道。“从来没有!” “不，不，不！”爱丽丝说。 “那么死去!”马瓜喊道。 他把刀扔向爱丽丝。 刀子剪掉了她的一些头发。 它击中了她头顶上的树。 邓肯生气地喊道。 休伦人把邓肯绑在一棵树上。 但他一拉绳子就断了。 他跳到一个休伦人身上，他们打了起来。 休伦人有一把刀。 他要杀了邓肯。 突然一声枪响，休伦人倒地身亡。

421. It doesn't work. 这没有用。 Try it again. 再试一次。 422. Is that true? 这是实情吗？ No,they are lying to you!! 不是，他们在对你撒谎！ 423. What did you say? 你刚才说什么？ I thought you were listening. 我以为你听着呢。 424. Let's get off the subject. 咱们换个话题吧。 I knew you don't like talking about it. 我知道你不喜欢谈论这个。 425. You must be joking! 你在开玩笑吧！ No,I'm serious. 不，我是认真的。 426. Let me out here. 请让我在这儿下车。 Thank you. Have a good day. 谢谢，祝你愉快。 427. It's the same to me. 这对我来说都一样。 We are all on the same page. 我们想法一致。 428. You're looking sharp! 你看上去很精神！ You are always full of compliments. 你总是嘴甜。 429. I have a good idea! 我有个好主意！ Please share it to me. 说给我听听。 430. I feel really down. 我真的很消沉。 Cheer up! 振作！

听前提示 一、每期提供10个单词，每个单词都会有2-3个例句，方便理解记忆。 二、每个单词和句子都会重复5遍，其中第2遍为慢速，有助于识别。 三、本材料的整体难度较低，可以用来听力磨耳朵和单词查漏补缺。 Day106 1051. Gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地 Things gradually improved. 情况逐渐改善。 It's gradually getting colder. 天气逐渐变冷了。 The population gradually increased. 人口逐渐增加。 1052. Grammar n.语法，语法书 I'm not good at English grammar. 我不擅长英语语法。 In real conversation, there is no time to think about grammar rules. 在真实的对话中，没有时间去思考语法规则。 1053. Grand a.盛大的，豪华的；重大的，主要的 To our surprise, he won the grand prize. 令我们惊讶的是，他赢得了大奖。 The hotel had a grand opening last month. 该酒店上个月盛大开业。 1054. Grandchild n.孙子；孙女；外孙；外孙女 He showed me the book he bought for his grandchild. 他给我看了他为孙子买的那本书。 1055. Grandfather n.祖父；始祖 She was educated by her grandfather. 她是由祖父教育的。 My grandfather is very hard to please. 我的祖父很难取悦。 My grandfather gave me a birthday present. 我爷爷送给了我一件生日礼物。 1056. Grandmother n.祖母，外祖母 My grandmother was a farmer. 我的祖母是个农民。 His grandmother looks healthy. 他的祖母看起来很健康。 His grandmother fell and broke her hip. 他的祖母摔倒摔断了臀部。 1057. Grandparents n.祖父母；外祖父母 That house belongs to my grandparents. 那所房子属于我的祖父母。 I'm going to visit my grandparents on next Sunday. 下周日我要去看望我的祖父母。 1058. Grass n.草，草地 Please keep off the grass! 请远离草地！ The rabbit is chewing grass. 兔子在嚼草。 My dog often lies on the grass. 我的狗经常躺在草地上。 1059. Grateful a.感激的；感谢的 I'm very grateful for your help. 我非常感谢你的帮助。 Be grateful for what you have and stop complaining. 感谢你所拥有的东西，别再抱怨了。 1060. Grave n.坟墓 a.严肃的，庄重的 You are digging your own grave. 你在自掘坟墓。 We went to the cemetery to visit my aunt's grave. 我们去墓地探望我姑姑的坟墓。

2018年英语专业四级听力 对话1 Conversation One 对话1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One. 根据对话1回答第一题到第五题。 Hi,Bob. You speak very good Chinese. 嗨，鲍勃。你的中文讲得很好。 Not really, Mary. I just know a little. Actually, not being able to speak a foreign language is a bit of a British trait or a particularly British characteristic. The British are generally considered to be lazy linguists. We just don't bother to learn another language. 不，玛丽。我只会一点点。事实上，不会说外语是英国人的一个特点，或者是英国人的一个特别的特点。英国人通常被认为在学习外语方面比较懒惰。我们只是不想去学另一种语言。 I guess the main reason is that when you travel around the world, you find that English is spoken almost everywhere. 我想主要原因是你到世界的其他地方，会发现几乎所有的地方都说英语。 Yes,yes. We get by. We survive on just using our mother language. 是的，是的。我们勉强能对付过去。我们仅靠母语就生存。 But you seem to love learning languages a lot. How many foreign languages can you speak? 但是你似乎很喜欢学习语言，你能说多少种外语？ Not that many. A bit of German, some French, Polish a little, Chinese of course, a bit of Japanese. That's about it. 不是很多。一点德语，一点法语，一点波兰语，当然还有汉语，一点日语。仅此而已。 I'm impressed. Well, what is the second most-spoken language in England? Is it Chinese? 真惊人啊。那么，英国第二大语言是什么呢？是中文吗？ No, I don't think so. 不，我觉得不是。 Then,that must be French. 那一定是法语。 No.According to the recent census, 104 different languages are spoken in the UK and Polish is the second most spoken language, followed by Punjabi and Urdu. 不。根据最近的普查，英国有104种不同的语言，波兰语是第二大语言，其次是旁遮普语和乌尔都语。 Then,do you have to learn a foreign language in school? 那么，你在学校必须学外语吗？ No,it's not compulsory. But recently a campaign was launched to encourage everyone in the UK to learn at least 1,000 words of another language. It hopes to help Britain increase international trade. 不，不是强制性的。但最近发起了一项运动，鼓励英国人学习至少1000个外语单词，以期帮助英国增加国际贸易。 1,000 words? 1000个词？ Yes.It's called the 1,000 Words Campaign because it says a vocabulary of 1,000 words would allow a speaker to hold a simple conversation. 是的。它被称为“干词运动”，因为这个运动称掌握1000词可以与人进行简单的对话。 That sounds like a good idea. 听起来是个好主意。 Yes.It gives you self-satisfaction and self-esteem if you can speak another language when you're travelling. And I think it also gives you an edge in a lot of different areas in the workplace. You feel good about learning a new skill and you feel good about yourself, and it boosts your confidence. Imagine going on a holiday to Spain and being able to speak to the locals. 是的。如果你在旅行时会说一门外语，这会带给你自我满足和自尊。而且我认为它也让你在工作中的很多不同领域都有优势。学习一项新技能感觉很好，你自己也会很开心，这能增强你的信心。想象一下去西班牙度假，你可以和当地人交谈。 Of course it does make one feel good. 当然会让人感觉很好。 And there are also the economic benefits of speaking another language. It gives you an advantage, especially if you are dealing with foreign companies. 说外语也有经济上的好处。这是你的一个优势，尤其是当你和外国公司打交道的时候。 Yes.It also shows politeness and respect for other people by showing you have made an effort. 是的。它也说明你很努力，表现了你的礼貌和对他人的尊重。 You're right. Mm, I'm afraid I must get going now. I'll have my Chinese class at 10 o'clock. 你说的对。嗯，恐怕我得走了。我10点要上中文课。 Oh, I have a class at 10 as well. OK, see you later. 哦，我10点也有一节课。好吧，再见。 See you. 再见。 Questions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One. 根据对话1回答第一题到第五题。 1.According to the man, what is a British characteristic? 问题1.根据男士的说法，英国人的特点是什么？ 2.What is the second most-spoken language in the UK? 问题2.在英国，第二大语言是什么？ 3.Why was the 1,000 Words Campaign launched? 问题3.为什么要发起“干词行动”？ 4.According to the man, which is not considered an advantage of learning a foreign language? 问题4.根据男士的说法，哪一项不属于学习外语的优势？ 5.What's the most probable relationship between the man and the woman? 问题5.对话中两个人最可能是什么关系？

The Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper 词汇提示 1.bullets 子弹 2.guards 卫兵 3.prisoners 囚犯 原文 Chapter III: The Fight at Glenn's Falls Hawk-eye woke Duncan early the next morning. 'We must go,' he said. 'I will get the canoe. Wake Miss Cora and Miss Alice. But do not make any noise.' Duncan went to the back of the cave. 'Cora. Alice,' he said quietly. 'Wake up.' Suddenly there were shouts and cries outside. Duncan ran to the front of the cave. The sound of guns came from the forest. There were many Indians on the other side of the river. 'Hurons!' thought Duncan. Then Duncan saw Hawk-eye. The scout was shooting from the flat rock. Duncan saw a Huron fall into the rushing water. Then the other Hurons ran back into the forest. Hawk-eye came back into the cave. 'They have gone,' he said. 'Will they come back?' asked Duncan. 'Yes, they will come back,' replied Hawk-eye. 'Miss Cora and Miss Alice must stay herein the cave. We will go to the rocks and wait for the Hurons.' Duncan,Hawk-eye, Uncas and Chingachgook sat with their guns. They sat behind some rocks near the waterfall. They waited. Minutes passed. Then an hour passed. Suddenly they heard the wild cries of the Hurons again. Four Indians ran across the flat rock towards the cave. Chingachgook and Uncas fired their guns. The first two Hurons fell to the ground. The third Huron jumped on Hawk-eye. Each man had a knife. But Hawk-eye was stronger than the Huron. He killed the Huron with his knife. The fourth Huron fought with Duncan. Uncas ran to help the officer. The young Mohican killed the Huron. Then Uncas and Duncan ran back to the rocks. The Huron son the other side of the river started to shoot again. And Chingachgook shot at them. The shooting went on and on. Rocks and trees near the cave were broken in a hundred places. ButHawk-eye and his friends were not hurt. And Cora and Alice ,were safe in the cave. Hawk-eye saw a Huron in a tree on the other side of the river. The scout lifted his long gun and fired. There was a cry and the Indian fell from the tree. 'I have no more bullets,' said Hawk-eye. 'Uncas! Go to the canoe. There are some bullets in the canoe.' Uncas ran quickly across the flat rock. But he was too late. A Huron was pushing the canoe across the river! Duncan,Hawk-eye and the two Mohicans went back to the cave. 'What can we do now?' asked Duncan. Hawk-eye thought for a few minutes. 'There will be guards on the paths,' he said. 'The Hurons will watch every path. We must swim. We must jump into the river. The rushing water will take us past the Hurons.' The scout looked at Cora and Alice. 'We cannot swim,' said Cora. 'Alice and I will stay here. Go to General Munro at Fort William Henry. General Munro must send soldiers.' Chingachgook, Uncas and Hawk-eye talked quietly together. Then Chingachgook ran out of the cave and jumped into the river. A moment later, Hawk-eye put down his long gun and followed Cora looked at Uncas. 'Go with them,' she said. 'I will stay,' said the young Mohican. 'No!' said Cora. 'Please, Uncas. Go with them!' Uncas was unhappy. But he jumped into the water too. Cora looked at Duncan. 'I am going to stay,' said Duncan. He looked at Alice. 'I cannot leave you.' There were shouts and cries from the Hurons on the flat rock. Duncan looked out of the cave. The Hurons were looking behind the rocks near the waterfall. 'They are looking for us,' thought Duncan. He went quickly back into the cave. 'Our friends will bring help soon,' he said to Cora and Alice. Cora was afraid. Her face was white. She cried out. Duncan turned and he saw the terrible face of Magua! 'Where are the Mohicans?' asked Magua. 'Where is the scout, Hawk-eye – The Long Gun?' Suddenly,the cave was full of Hurons. One of them picked up Hawk-eye's gun. 'They have gone,' said Duncan. 'They will bring help soon.' The Hurons were angry. They were going to kill their prisoners. But Magua spoke to them, quickly and quietly. Then the Hurons took Duncan, Cora and Alice to the flat rock. One of the Hurons brought the canoe. 'Get into the canoe!' Magua said. Duncan and the sisters got into the canoe. Magua and the Hurons took them across the river. The prisoners got out of the canoe on the other side of the river. Magua and five Hurons stayed with them. The other Hurons walked away into the forest. 翻译 第三章：格伦瀑布之战 第二天一早，鹰眼叫醒了邓肯。 “我们得走了，”他说。“我去拿独木舟。叫醒科拉小姐和爱丽丝小姐。但是不要出声。” 邓肯走到山洞的后面。 “科拉。爱丽丝，”他平静地说。“醒来”。 突然，外面响起了喊叫声。 邓肯跑到山洞前面。 枪声从森林里传来。 河的对岸有许多印第安人。 “休伦人!”邓肯想。 然后邓肯看到了鹰眼。 侦察兵正从平坦的岩石上射击。 邓肯看到一个休伦人掉进了湍急的水中。 然后其他休伦人跑回了森林。 鹰眼回到了山洞里。 “他们走了，”他说。 “他们会回来吗？”邓肯问。 “是的，他们会回来的。”鹰眼回答。“科拉小姐和爱丽丝小姐必须呆在洞里。我们要到岩石那里去，等候休伦人。” 邓肯、鹰眼、乌卡斯和钦加古拿着枪坐在那里。 他们坐在瀑布附近的岩石后面。 他们等待着。几分钟过去了。然后一个小时过去了。 突然，他们又听到休伦人的狂叫。 四个印第安人穿过平坦的岩石朝山洞跑去。 钦加古和昂卡斯开了枪。 头两个休伦人倒在地上。 第三个休伦人跳上了鹰眼。 每个人都有一把刀。 但鹰眼比休伦人强壮。 他用刀杀了休伦人。 第四个休伦人和邓肯打架。 乌卡斯跑过去帮助长官。 年轻的莫希干人杀了休伦人。 然后，恩卡斯和邓肯跑回岩石旁。 河对岸的休伦人又开始射击了。 钦加古朝他们开枪。 枪声不停地响着。 洞穴附近的岩石和树木有一百处被破坏。 但是鹰眼和他的朋友们没有受伤。 科拉和爱丽丝在山洞里很安全。 鹰眼在河对岸的一棵树上看到一个休伦人。 侦察员举起长枪开了枪。 一声喊叫，印第安人从树上摔了下来。 “我没有子弹了。”鹰眼说。“乌卡斯!到独木舟那儿去。独木舟里有些子弹。” 乌卡斯飞快地跑过平坦的岩石。 但是他来得太晚了。 一个休伦人正推着独木舟过河！ 邓肯、鹰眼和两个莫希干人回到了山洞。 “我们现在该怎么办呢？”邓肯问。 鹰眼想了几分钟。 “路上会有警卫，”他说。“休伦人会监视每一条路。我们必须游泳。我们必须跳进河里。急流必带我们经过休伦人。” 侦察员看了看科拉和爱丽丝。 “我们不会游泳，”科拉说。“爱丽丝和我将留在这里。去找威廉·亨利堡的门罗将军。门罗将军必须派士兵来。” 钦加古、乌卡斯和鹰眼静静地在一起交谈。 然后，钦加古跑出洞穴，跳进河里。 过了一会儿，鹰眼放下他的长枪，跟着科拉。 “跟他们去吧，”她说。 “我要留下来，”年轻的莫希干人说。 “不!”科拉说。“求求了,乌卡斯。跟他们走吧！” 乌卡斯很不高兴。但是他也跳进了水里。 科拉看着邓肯。 “我要留下来，”邓肯说。 他看着爱丽丝。“我不能离开你。” 休伦人在平坦的岩石上叫喊着。 邓肯向洞外望去。 休伦人正在瀑布附近的岩石后面张望。 “他们在找我们，”邓肯想。 他迅速回到山洞里。 “我们的朋友很快就会来帮忙的。”他对科拉和爱丽丝说。 科拉很害怕。她脸色苍白。她大声叫道。 邓肯转过身，看到了马瓜可怕的脸！ “莫希干人在哪儿？”玛瓜问。“侦察员在哪儿，鹰眼——长枪？” 突然，洞穴里挤满了休伦人。 其中一个拿起了鹰眼的枪。 “他们走了，”邓肯说。“他们很快就会带来帮助。” 休伦人很生气。 他们要杀死他们的囚犯。 但马瓜对他们说话，又快又轻。 然后休伦一家把邓肯、科拉和爱丽丝带到那块平坦的岩石上。 一个休伦人带来了独木舟。 “上独木舟去！”马瓜说。 邓肯和姐妹们上了独木舟。 马瓜和休伦人带他们过河。 囚犯们在河的另一边下了独木舟。 马瓜和五个休伦人与他们同住。 其他休伦人走到森林里去了。

411. Nice seeing you! 很高兴见到你！ It was so nice to see you for a change as well!! 见到你我也很高兴！ 412. What's on your mind? 你在想什么? I'm thinking of going on vacation. 我想去度假。 413. That goes without saying. 不言而喻。 Yes,it's pretty obvious. 是的，显而易见。 414. Will this do? 这样可以吗？ It should. I think it will be enough. 应该可以。我觉得足够了。 415. How dare you! 你怎么敢这样！ Sorry,I did not mean to hurt you! 对不起，我不是故意要伤害你！ 416. Can you keep a secret? 你能保密吗? Of course, you know I can!! 当然，你知道我能的！ 417. Are seats available? 还有空座吗？ Sorry,all seats are occupied. 抱歉，所有座位都有人了。 418. What's up? 最近怎么样？ Nothing much, the same as usual. 没什么事情发生，一切如常。 419. Where can I park? 我在哪里停车呢? Anywhere against the building would be fine. 大楼附近哪里都可以。 420. It's amazing. 真的很棒。 I agree with you! 我同意你！