Stephen Wolfram is a computer scientist, mathematician, and theoretical physicist. This is our second conversation on the podcast. Please check out our sponsors to get a discount and to support this podcast: – SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex – Sun Basket, use code LEX: https://sunbasket.com/lex – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/podcast or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 07:14 – Key moments in history of physics 12:43 – Philosophy of science 14:37 – Science and computational reducibility 22:08 – Predicting the pandemic 38:58 – Sunburn moment with Wolfram Alpha 39:46 – Computational irreducibility 46:45 – Theory of everything 52:41 – General relativity 1:01:16 – Quantum mechanics 1:06:46 – Unifying the laws of physics 1:12:01 – Wolfram Physics Project 1:29:53 – Emergence of time 1:34:11 – Causal invariance 1:53:03 – Deriving physics from simple rules on hypergraphs 2:07:24 – Einstein equations 2:13:04 – Simulating the physics of the universe 2:17:28 – Hardware specs of the simulation 2:24:37 – Quantum mechanics in Wolfram physics model 2:42:46 – Double-slit experiment 2:45:13 – Quantum computers 2:53:21 – Getting started with Wolfram physics project 3:14:46 – The rules that created our universe 3:24:22 – Alien intelligences 3:32:29 – Meta-mathematics 3:37:58 – Why is math hard? 3:52:55 – Sabine Hossenfelder and how beauty leads physics astray 4:01:07 – Eric Weinstein and Geometric Unity 4:06:17 – Travel faster than speed of light 4:16:59 – Why does the universe exist at all

My attempt to find the words to honor my grandmother, an amazing woman who is responsible for much of who I am, who taught me how to be a man, taught me about strength, about wisdom, about compassion, about love. If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/podcast or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – In memory of my grandmother 02:00 – Lesson 1: Mental Toughness 04:31 – Lesson 2: Strength 07:25 – Lesson 3: Wisdom 08:46 – Lesson 4: Believe in Yourself 12:13 – Lesson 5: Love 15:37 – Poem

Eugenia Kuyda co-founder of Replika, an AI companion. Please check out our sponsors to get a discount and to support this podcast: – Dollar Shave Club: https://dollarshaveclub.com/lex – DoorDash: download app & use code LEX – Cash App: download app & use code “LexPodcast” Episode links: Eugenia’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/ekuyda Replika’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/myreplika Replika’s Website: https://replika.ai If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/podcast or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 06:18 – Loneliness 13:54 – Can AI alleviate loneliness? 18:13 – Love 20:49 – Russia in the 1990’s 31:47 – Chernobyl 41:35 – Communism 49:21 – Losing a friend 57:55 – Mortality 1:10:41 – Replika origin story 1:59:37 – Bringing people back to life with AI 2:05:37 – Relationship with Replika 2:18:27 – Can you form a connection with text alone? 2:27:45 – Does an AI companion need a body? 2:30:20 – Her 2:37:24 – GPT-3 for conversation 2:43:48 – We should be nice to AI 2:46:52 – Book recommendations 2:53:45 – Russian language 2:58:41 – Meaning of life

My thoughts on 8 possible long-term futures of Neuralink after attending the August 2020 progress update. This is a solo episode #2 of the podcast. Hopefully it’s interesting to some folks. The aim is for these episodes to be focused on a particular topic, at times challenging, at times personal, at times exciting to me on a technical and philosophical level like the episode today. If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/podcast or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 04:42 – 1. Alleviating Suffering 07:25 – 2. Consciousness and Intelligence 11:39 – 3. Augmented Body, Mind, and Reality 13:42 – 4. Gaming & Virtual Reality 16:25 – 5. Merging Tech & Biology 19:40 – 6. Telepathy 22:58 – 7. Memories & Immortality 28:04 – 8. Merging with AI

François Chollet is an AI researcher at Google and creator of Keras. Support this podcast by supporting our sponsors (and get discount): – Babbel: https://babbel.com and use code LEX – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex – Cash App: download app & use code “LexPodcast” Episode links: Francois’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/fchollet Francois’s Website: https://fchollet.com/ On the Measure of Intelligence (paper): https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01547 If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/podcast or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 05:04 – Early influence 06:23 – Language 12:50 – Thinking with mind maps 23:42 – Definition of intelligence 42:24 – GPT-3 53:07 – Semantic web 57:22 – Autonomous driving 1:09:30 – Tests of intelligence 1:13:59 – Tests of human intelligence 1:27:18 – IQ tests 1:35:59 – ARC Challenge 1:59:11 – Generalization 2:09:50 – Turing Test 2:20:44 – Hutter prize 2:27:44 – Meaning of life

David Eagleman is a neuroscientist at Stanford. Support this podcast by supporting our sponsors: – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex – Cash App: download app & use code “LexPodcast” Episode links: David’s Website: https://www.eagleman.com/ David’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/davideagleman Livewired (book): https://amzn.to/3ba4ezv If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/podcast or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 05:05 – Livewired 16:39 – Hardware vs software 25:53 – Brain-computer interfaces 35:12 – 2020 is a challenge for neuroplasticity 46:08 – Free will 50:43 – Nature of evil 58:55 – Psychiatry 1:06:28 – GPT-3 1:13:31 – Intelligence in the brain 1:21:51 – Neosensory 1:31:27 – Book recommendations 1:34:07 – Meaning of life 1:36:53 – Advice for young people

New podcast name. New Russian hitman thumbnail. Everything else stays the same. AI is still my passion, but this gives me a bit more freedom to talk to interesting folks from all over. Thanks for the support & the love. If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/podcast or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon.

Grant Sanderson is a math educator and creator of 3Blue1Brown. Support this podcast by supporting our sponsors: – Dollar Shave Club: https://dollarshaveclub.com/lex – DoorDash: download app & use code LEX – Cash App: download app & use code “LexPodcast” Episode links: 3Blue1Brown: http://youtube.com/3blue1brown Grant’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/3blue1brown If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/podcast or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 05:13 – Richard Feynman 09:41 – Learning deeply vs broadly 13:56 – Telling a story with visualizations 18:43 – Topology 23:52 – Intuition about exponential growth 32:28 – Elon Musk’s exponential view of the world 40:09 – SpaceX and space exploration 45:28 – Origins of the Internet 49:50 – Does teaching on YouTube get lonely? 54:31 – Daily routine 1:00:20 – Social media 1:10:38 – Online education in a time of COVID 1:27:03 – Joe Rogan moving to Spotify 1:32:09 – Neural networks 1:38:30 – GPT-3 1:46:52 – Manim 1:51:01 – Python 1:56:21 – Theory of everything 2:03:53 – Meaning of life

Sara Seager is a planetary scientist at MIT, known for her work on the search for exoplanets. Support this podcast by supporting our sponsors. Click links, get discount: – Public Goods at https://publicgoods.com/lex and use code LEX – PowerDot: https://powerdot.com/lex and use code LEX – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download: – Cash App (App Store): https://apple.co/2sPrUHe – Cash App (Google Play): https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w Episode links: Sara’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/profsaraseager Sara’s Website: https://www.saraseager.com/ The Smallest Lights in the Universe (book): https://amzn.to/3g3LfHA If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 05:32 – Falling in love with the stars 09:55 – Are we alone in the universe? 15:27 – Seager equation for number of habitable planets 27:48 – Exoplanets 34:44 – Earth-like exoplanets 40:43 – Intelligent life 52:34 – Number of planets per star 55:09 – Space exploration 57:36 – Traveling to Proxima Centauri 1:00:52 – Starshade 1:07:34 – Using the sun as a gravitational lens 1:09:44 – Starshot 1:12:45 – Rogue planets 1:15:44 – The Smallest Lights in the Universe 1:30:15 – Book recommendations 1:37:48 – Advice for a young person 1:39:29 – Meaning of life

Dileep George is a researcher at the intersection of neuroscience and artificial intelligence, co-founder of Vicarious, formerly co-founder of Numenta. From the early work on Hierarchical temporal memory to Recursive Cortical Networks to today, Dileep’s always sought to engineer intelligence that is closely inspired by the human brain. Support this channel by supporting our sponsors. Click links, get discount: – Babbel: https://babbel.com and use code LEX – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex – Raycon: https://buyraycon.com/lex If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 0:00 – Introduction 4:50 – Building a model of the brain 17:11 – Visual cortex 27:50 – Probabilistic graphical models 31:35 – Encoding information in the brain 36:56 – Recursive Cortical Network 51:09 – Solving CAPTCHAs algorithmically 1:06:48 – Hype around brain-inspired AI 1:18:21 – How does the brain learn? 1:21:32 – Perception and cognition 1:25:43 – Open problems in brain-inspired AI 1:30:33 – GPT-3 1:40:41 – Memory 1:45:08 – Neuralink 1:51:32 – Consciousness 1:57:59 – Book recommendations 2:06:49 – Meaning of life

Manolis Kellis is a professor at MIT and head of the MIT Computational Biology Group. He is interested in understanding the human genome from a computational, evolutionary, biological, and other cross-disciplinary perspectives. Support this podcast by supporting our sponsors: – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex – Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/lex – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 03:54 – Human genome 17:47 – Sources of knowledge 29:15 – Free will 33:26 – Simulation 35:17 – Biological and computing 50:10 – Genome-wide evolutionary signatures 56:54 – Evolution of COVID-19 1:02:59 – Are viruses intelligent? 1:12:08 – Humans vs viruses 1:19:39 – Engineered pandemics 1:23:23 – Immune system 1:33:22 – Placebo effect 1:35:39 – Human genome source code 1:44:40 – Mutation 1:51:46 – Deep learning 1:58:08 – Neuralink 2:07:07 – Language 2:15:19 – Meaning of life

Ian Hutchinson is a nuclear engineer and plasma physicist at MIT. He has made a number of important contributions in plasma physics including the magnetic confinement of plasmas seeking to enable fusion reactions, which is the energy source of the stars, to be used for practical energy production. Current nuclear reactors are based on fission as we discuss. Ian has also written on the philosophy of science and the relationship between science and religion. Support this podcast by supporting our sponsors: – Sun Basket, use code LEX: https://sunbasket.com/lex – PowerDot, use code LEX: https://powerdot.com/lex If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 05:32 – Nuclear physics and plasma physics 08:00 – Fusion energy 35:22 – Nuclear weapons 42:06 – Existential risks 50:29 – Personal journey in religion 56:27 – What is God like? 1:01:34 – Scientism 1:04:21 – Atheism 1:06:39 – Not knowing 1:09:57 – Faith 1:13:46 – The value of loyalty and love 1:23:26 – Why is there suffering in the world 1:35:08 – AGI 1:40:27 – Consciousness 1:48:14 – Simulation 1:52:20 – Adam and Eve 1:54:57 – Meaning of life