经济学人｜一周商业要闻

The world this week--Business
The Biden administration said it would provide $6.6bn in direct funding to TSMC to support its facilities in Arizona for manufacturing the world's most advanced semiconductors. TSMC, based in Taiwan and the world's largest contract chipmaker, will have three sites in Phoenix when it completes a new factory there. It is increasing its investment to $65bn, the largest-ever foreign direct investment in a "greenfield" project, meaning built from scratch, in America. TSMC supplies chips to Apple and Nvidia for use in smartphones and artificial intelligence.
拜登政府表示，将向台积电提供66亿美元的直接资金，以支持其在亚利桑那州的工厂制造世界上最先进的半导体。台积电总部位于台湾，是全球最大的合同芯片制造商，在凤凰城建成新工厂后，将在凤凰城拥有三个工厂。它正在将其投资增加到650亿美元，这是美国有史以来对“绿地”项目的最大外国直接投资，也就是从零开始的新建项目。台积电向苹果和英伟达提供用于智能手机和人工智能的芯片。

Intel unveiled its Gaudi 3 chip for AI, which it claims is faster and more power-efficient than Nvidia's H100. It tested the chip on two open-source large language models: Llama, which is run by Meta, and Falcon, a project backed by Abu Dhabi. Intel also announced a plan to create, with other tech companies, an open platform for enterprise AI that will "accelerate deployment" of secure generative AI systems.

英特尔发布了用于人工智能的 Gaudi 3 芯片，并声称该芯片比英伟达的 H100 更快、更省电。它在两个开源大型语言模型上对芯片进行了测试：
由 Meta 运营的 Llama 和阿布扎比支持的 Falcon 项目。英特尔还宣布了一项计划，将与其他科技公司共同创建一个企业人工智能开放平台，以 "加快运用"安全的人工智能生成系统。

Disney is to crack down on users who share passwords to its streaming services. Bob Iger, Disney's chief executive, said the crackdown would be gradually rolled out to different countries starting in June. Netflix implemented a similar policy last year, and it has since reported a surge in subscribers.
迪士尼将打击分享其流媒体服务密码的用户。迪士尼首席执行官鲍勃·艾格表示，从6月开始，打击行动将逐步推广到不同的国家。Netflix去年也实施了类似的政策，此后用户激增。

Boeing's safety record was in the spotlight again. An engineer at Boeing alleged that the company took shortcuts on quality and safety when it manufactured 787 and 777 jets, leaving them with potential structural flaws. Boeing described the claims as "inaccurate". And the Federal Aviation Administration investigated yet another incident involving a Boeing plane, this time an engine panel that fell off a 737-800 during take-off from Denver. Meanwhile, Alaska Air received $160m in compensation from Boeing for the panel that fell off one of its aircraft in January, leaving a gaping hole in the plane. The airline said it expects further payments.
波音公司的安全记录再次成为人们关注的焦点。波音公司的一名工程师声称，该公司在制造787和777喷气式飞机时，在质量和安全方面走了捷径，使其存在潜在的结构缺陷。波音公司称这些说法“不准确”。美国联邦航空管理局调查了另一起涉及波音飞机的事件，这次是一架737-800飞机从丹佛起飞时发动机面板脱落。与此同时，阿拉斯加航空公司从波音公司获得了1.6亿美元的赔偿，赔偿金额是1月份从其一架飞机上掉下来的面板，导致飞机上出现了一个大洞。该航空公司表示，预计将支付更多款项。

Tesco, Britain's biggest supermarket chain, reported a big rise in pre-tax profit to ￡2.3bn ($2.9bn) for the 12 months ending February 24th. It expects higher profits this year, as inflationary pressures have "lessened substantially". Meanwhile, John Lewis, a troubled department-store and supermarket chain, appointed Jason Tarry, a former senior executive at Tesco, as its new chair.Dame Sharon White held the position for five years, the shortest-ever tenure in the job.
英国最大的连锁超市乐购报告称，在截至 2 月 24 日的 12 个月中，税前利润大幅增长至 23 亿英镑（29 亿美元）。由于通胀压力 "大幅减轻"，该公司预计今年的利润将有所提高。与此同时，陷入困境的百货商店和连锁超市约翰·刘易斯任命乐购前高管杰森·塔里为新主席。

The EU's General Court ruled that sanctions imposed on Mikhail Fridman, a Russian investor, and Petr Aven, his business partner, between February 2022 and March 2023 must be annulled. The court found that the EU had not "sufficiently substantiated" its reasons for linking Messrs Fridman and Aven to Vladimir Putin's regime after Russia invaded Ukraine. Mr Fridman is one of Russia's most prominent businessmen. Both men are still subject to sanctions not covered by the judgment.
欧盟普通法院裁定，必须取消2022年2月至2023年3月期间对俄罗斯投资者米哈伊尔·弗里德曼及其商业伙伴彼得·阿文实施的制裁。法院认定，在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后，欧盟没有“充分证实”其将弗里德曼和阿文与弗拉基米尔·普京政权联系起来的理由。弗里德曼是俄罗斯最著名的商人之一。两人仍受到判决未涵盖的制裁。

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