Can you really multitask? Your brain says no



With life getting more demanding and hectic all the time it seems there's only one way to cope - multitasking! Gurus and life hackers make a living telling us how to get better at it.



But can we actually multitask? The term was first used in the 60s, to describe computer performance. The human brain, though, is not a computer and human attention is a very limited resource. Some psychologists model visual attention as being like a spotlight. It can only be shone in one direction at any one time. 



Our primary focus - what we're paying most attention to - is like the brightly lit area in the centre of the beam. It can also be understood as being like a zoom lens - we can choose to narrow our focus to concentrate in detail, or widen it, to be aware of more things simultaneously.



But we can't be zoomed in and out at the same time. Even though we're constantly receiving a huge amount of information from our senses, it's only possible for a small amount to make it through to conscious awareness. Watch the next section very carefully, and pay particular attention to how many balls bounce in the circle. 



How many can you count? Seven, right? But did you also notice that little dinosaur? What about the changing shape of the circle? Or the smiley face on one of the balls? This shows just how powerful focused attention is. Being able to filter out irrelevant detail is an amazingly useful tool, but it means we can miss things that are right under our noses - an effect known as inattention blindness.



You can see this very clearly in the famous Invisible Gorilla experiment. When asked to concentrate exclusively on how often basketball players in white pass the ball, most people completely miss the gorilla walking across the screen and beating his chest. We just don't have the capacity to process everything at once. This is a particular problem when we try to multitask. We can switch attention from one task to another and back again. 



But when attention is overloaded, we miss things, and the result is nearly always that we perform tasks less well than we would doing them one at a time. It's only truly possible to do two things at once if they require different sets of cognitive resources. For example, it's totally possible to read a book and listen to music at the same time.



Which would suggest that driving while talking on the phone is not a problem, as long as it's a hands-free phone. It's not that simple though - research has shown that while talking on the phone we have a tendency to create mental images, and this uses the same visual resources needed for driving. 



And if visual resources become too stretched, it's perfectly possible for a driver to look directly at a hazard but, just like with that little dinosaur, fail to see it. Not everything will make it through to conscious awareness. 



So multitasking makes us at best, inefficient, and at worst, downright dangerous. If you're feeling like you should be doing 17 things at once, remember, that's just not the way your brain is wired.



词汇表

demanding [dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ] 要求高的，费力的，苛求的

hectic [ˈhektɪk] 忙碌的，繁忙的

multitask [ˌmʌltiˈtɑːsk] 多任务处理，一心多用，同时做多件事情

guru [ˈɡʊəruː]（某领域的）专家，权威，大师

life hacker [hækə(r)] 生活达人（指擅长通过各种技巧提升生活效率的人）

spotlight [ˈspɒtlaɪt] 聚光灯；公众注意的中心

beam [biːm] 光线，光束；横梁

zoom lens [zuːm lenz] 变焦镜头（可调节焦距以放大或缩小图像的镜头）

bounce [baʊns] （球）跳起，弹回

filter [ˈfɪltə(r)] 过滤，筛选；过滤器

right under our noses 就在我们眼皮底下（指某物或某事非常明显却被忽视）

inattention blindness [ˌɪnəˈtenʃn ˈblaɪndnəs] 非注意盲视（指当注意力集中于某一事物时，对其他明显事物视而不见的现象）

Invisible Gorilla experiment [ɪnˈvɪzəbl ɡəˈrɪlə ɪkˈsperɪmənt] 隐形大猩猩实验（心理学经典注意力实验）

exclusively [ɪkˈskluːsɪvli] 仅仅，专门地；排他地

overloaded [ˌəʊvəˈləʊdɪd] 超负荷的，超载的

hands-free [ˌhændz ˈfriː] （电话）免提的，（设备）无需用手操作的

hazard [ˈhæzəd] 危险，危害，风险

downright [ˈdaʊnraɪt] （强调负面） 完全地，彻头彻尾地

wire [ˈwaɪə(r)] 连接，接通（此处指大脑的运作方式）



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